高考英语 阅读理解巩固练习（15）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（15）及答案阅读理解 at the middle school level, there are many academic clubs in which students can in. students can choose clubs that focus on an area of interest.mathcounts clubmathcounts tries to increase excitement towards mathematic achievement. it hopes to provide students with the foundation for success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics careers. schools select individuals and teams to participate in competitions. local competitions are held in february with winners progressing to state competitions and then on to the national level. mathcounts works to challenge student math skills, develop self-confidence and give rewards for their achievements.envirothonthe envirothon program focuses on natural resources knowledge and exposes students to diverse environmental issues, and ecosystems (生态学). the ecology field competition for five-member middle school teams offers competitions in wildlife, soils, forestry, current environmental issues and aquatics. students work and learn in middle school clubs and can compete at the local and state level.future problem solversfuture problem solvers is an academic club that uses a six-step process to solve problems that may happen in the future. students who are in the talented and gifted program, who like to “think out of the box,” or who enjoy thinking about futuristic problems may like this club. teams comprised of four students read future scenes and write up solutions in a booklet using the six-step process. teams that score high enough can go to the state competition and then to the international competition.builders clubbuilders club is open to any middle school student who wishes to perform community service. each builders club is co-sponsored by(共同捐助) a kiwanis club and the middle school. the members learn by doing, and they learn organization, teamwork, and leadership. builders clubs can sponsor a teacher of the year program, provide a recycling collection point, organize canned food and clothing drives to support local shelters, adopt（领养）a resident at a local senior citizens home, adopt a highway, tutor, etc.middle school academic clubs offer students a place to explore interests or talents. the clubs they join in middle school can help guide choices in high school and beyond. 5students choose mathcounts club in order to .abe successful in science careers.benjoy solving future problems.cperform community service.dstudy wildlife and soils.6if you enjoy thinking about futuristic problems, is a good choice for you.amathecounts clubbbuildres clubcfuture problem solversdenvirothon 7the students who are not interested in competitions would like to choose .amathecounts clubbbuildres clubcfuture problem solversdenvirothon8what is the common feature of the four clubs?acompetitions.bleadership.cscientific researches.dteamwork. 58、a c b d c8 2013湖北卷 ea german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.68pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth69how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.70what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67b 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故b正确。68c 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故c正确。69a 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故a正确。70d 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故d正确。are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching? if you are, you have got phobia (a very strong feeling of being afraid of something). of all human fears, phobias may be the most uncontrollable. they are most often caused by a particular situation or object. in general, phobias can mainly be divided into three varieties. to begin with, agoraphobia is a fear of staying in strange surroundings, for example, an unfamiliar place, or an open areasocial phobia refers to the anxiety people show when they have to stay or perform on social events, for instance, speaking in front of the class. lastly, there are a wide range of specific phobias. people suffering from this kind of phobia are terrified of specific objects or creatures. such as spiders, perhaps to your surprise, clowns. besides, there are about six hundred and fifty phobias having been listed by psychologists(心理学家)as yet.faced with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape the situations or objects they fear. psychologists, however, warn that if not treated properly, this kind of anxiety will get worse, so that it may disturb the sleep pattern, cause physical symptoms, and finally affect their daily activities. as for treatment, clinical research has discovered that medicine for anxiety is not successful in curing phobias. however. the anxiety disorders can be efficiently treated through cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法), through which patients are led to inspect the connections between their own fear und the situation or object, and then actively choose the acceptable treatments. also, other treatments proved effective in reducing phobias are meditation(quiet thought that can help people relax), listening to calming music, and so on. 5phobias are mainly caused by .aanxietybanimal attacks cterrible dreams and imagination da certain situation or thing 6which do psychologists not use for effective treatment of phobias? ato take medicine for anxiety bto listen to comforting light music cto lose oneself in a peaceful environment dto understand the very source of ones own anxiety 7which of the following statements about phobias is correct? aactors call help people to cure their phobias. bphobias can be divided into six hundred and fifty types. cthose suffering from phobias may not sleep well or work normally. dcognitive behavioral therapy demands little participation from patients. 8what do those with agoraphobia feel terrified and anxious about? astaying on a square. btouching insects, like spiders.cbeing harmed by virus. dgiving a speech in presence of many people. 参考答案-58、daca name: off the beaten path cover price: $30.00 our price: $l9.80 the best-selling readers digest travel book has 40% new content including over 200 new sites, over 200 new full-color photographs, and all-new, up-to-date maps. it spotlights over l, 000 of the united states most overlooked must-see destinations. name: container gardens by number cover price: $l5.95 our price: $9.49 a unique book contains 50 easy-to-follow container designs. each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display, with an instruction of the finished planter and in-depth plant information. the plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or garden. name: best weekend projects cover price: $l7.95 our price: $l3.96 choose from 80 unique ideas to create an extraordinary living space. the projects are practical, as well as attractive, and will improve your home and yard and can be made in a weekend. these 80 well-designed projects are presented in a clear, easy-to-follow style that addresses readers in an accessible, user-friendly tone. name: l80l home remedies cover price: $40.00 our price: $29.96 plenty of health complaints can be handled at home. each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound. dozens of conditions are covered, from headaches, sunburn, bad breath, and blisters to allergies, and hiccups. 9. you can most probably read the passage in a _. a. newspaper b. travel guide c. reference book d. textbook 10. how much money could you save if you want to buy a travel book? a. $6.46 b. $l0. 20 c.$l3.96 d. $l9.8 11. which of the following could help you to deal with common diseases without a doctor? a. off the beaten path.b. container gardens by number. c. l80l home remedies. d. best weekend projects. 12. whats the purpose of the passage? a. to share his opinion about the books with readers. b. to advise readers to read more in spare time. c. to share the pleasure of reading with readers. d. to advise readers to buy their books.参考答案-912、abcd c82013江苏卷 cif a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.the consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.if the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.and so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.that these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.if bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.this kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.bruce rothschild of the university of kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.what he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.to this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the triassic period and from the later jurassic and cretaceous periods.when he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.more than 15% of jurassic and cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.if ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.but that is not what dr rothschild thinks happened.he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.one of the features of jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark and crocodilefree.in the triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.in the jurassic and cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?aa twisted