高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练题（9）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练题（9）及答案科普知识型阅读理解(二)- (二)europes deadly outbreak of a rare form of ecoli(大肠杆菌) bacteria has brought new attention to food safety issues. ecoli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. most kinds of ecoli are harmless but some can make people sick.one of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. just what did the people eat that made them sick? of course, one way to avoid such problems is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. this_is_easier_said_than_done,_but scientists keep looking for new ways.scientists in the united states have developed an experimental system that uses a hightech optical(光学的)scanner. the inspection system is fixed in the packing houses where produce is sorted for market. the system is designed to identify the produce polluted by soil or animal waste. the new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.scientists designed the system at a department of agriculture research centre in beltsville, maryland. moon kim of the agricultural research service led the team.moon kim: “we were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to test the polluted produce. so we started with the apple as the model sample.”the scanner uses a highspeed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. as the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit. a spectrograph device can use the light to check an apple to show evidence of damage. moon kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.moon kim: “we are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”the scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. the system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. the inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface. 1. the passage mainly talks about _a. the danger of ecoli bacteria to healthb. the way to avoid getting sick from foodc. a system to test the polluted produced. the new attention to food safety issues2according to the passage, we know the new scanner _a. has already used in the supermarketb. is perfect to find out the polluted applec. is still in test and need to improved. can also damage the bacteria in the food3what can we learn from the passage? a. most of the ecoli is dangerous to the peoples health.b. the damage in the fruit might cause it difficult to sell out.c. now the system can take the pictures of each piece of fruit.d. the scanner is put on a moving belt while testing the produce.4. by saying “this is easier said than done” in paragraph 2, the writer wants to _a. show the difficulty in finding the bad bacteria from the food supplyb. show the scientists hardship in finding a new way to heal the diseasec. express his/her anger to the businessmen from selling the polluted foodd. express his/her worry about the dangerous issue in todays food safety5this passage can be classified as _a. an advertisement b. a book reviewc. a feature story d. a news report(二)【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了美国科学家开发了一种使用高科技光学扫描仪的实验系统。1c 主旨大意题。由本文的内容以及其主题句，即第三段第一句“scientists in the united states have developed an experimental system that uses a hightech optical(光学的)scanner.”可知，本文主要介绍了一种用来检测被污染的产品的实验系统，故选c项。2c 细节理解题。由倒数第三段“moon kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.”以及本文最后一句“the inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.”可知这一扫描仪还在试验当中且需要改进，故选c项。3b 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.”可知水果损害之后更难吸引购物者，也就会导致其很难卖出。 4a 细节理解题。由画线词前一句“one way to avoid such problems is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply.”可知，要从食物的来源里找到有害的病菌是有困难的。5d 推理判断题。由文章中把moon kim说话的内容直接引入的形式来看，本文应该是一篇新闻报道。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】ceveryone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state：without it，it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health，our food，our water，and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us.by means of taxation，we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.but everyone knows that taxation is necessary，different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged.should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell？if the first kind of taxation is used，should everyone pay the same tax，whether he is rich or poor？if the second kind of tax is preferred，should everything be taxed equally?in most countries，a direct tax on persons，which is called income tax，exists.it is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing，and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers income grows.in england，for example，the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninetyfive percent!but countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”of course，it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties，in the form of higher prices.in some countries，too，there is a tax on things sold in the shops.if the most necessary things are taxed，a lot of money is collected，but the poor people suffer most.if unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed，less money is got but the tax is fairer，as the rich pay it.probably this last kind of indirect tax，together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich，is the best arrangement.36the first paragraph tells us about the_.atax policiesbtaxable itemscarrangement of taxationdimportance of taxation37which of the following statements about income tax is not true in most countries?athe poorest pay no tax.bthe poor pay the same taxes as the rich.cthe rich pay more taxes than the poor.dthe rich pay a very high percentage of tax.38people who buy imported items in the shops have to pay duties_.ato the government officebat a lower pricecas an income taxdin the form of higher prices39according to the writer，if valuable things are taxed，_.amuch money is collectedbthe poor suffer a lotcthe rich will be happydthe tax is more reasonable40in the passage，the writer suggests_.atwo kinds of income taxesbthe importance of indirect taxescthe fairer income taxesdmore than one kind of indirect taxes36d第一段第一句就是主题句。37b从第三段可以作出判断。38d第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。39d从第四段最后一句可知答案。40d从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。科普知识型阅读理解(二)- (三)clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pals number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer? this is not a fantasy. a british company, called electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes that have minds of their own! scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended(混合) with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. the result are electronic garments.if you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. these designer clothes are wirefree, soft to touch and washable! like any electronic device, these hightech clothes have to be powered. currently, a tiny ninevolt battery serves the purpose. but the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. “these clothes are 100 percent shock proof，” they say.the electrotextiles team has also created the worlds first cloth keyboard. this keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. to use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! these “laptap” gadgets(小器具) are all set to take over laptop computers!another useful garment is the shirtcummobile phone. this_handy_invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! other popular electronic wear include the denim(牛仔布) jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(风帽) and the electronic ski jacket with a builtin heater. the ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. this technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new projecta necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. what is the next? do you have any idea?1. the electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that _a. they feel smooth and soft b. they use electricity as powerc. they can be washed in water d. they are made from flexible materials2. how will researchers improve these hightech clothes?a. body heat will be used as power. b. the wearer will not get shocked.c. a tiny ninevolt battery will work. d. they will get charged automatically.3. what does the underlined phrase “this handy invention” in paragraph 5 refer to?a. the laptop computer. b. the electronic ski jacket.c. the shirtcummobile phone. d. the worlds first cloth keyboard.4. if you are going on a ski adventure, which device do you need?a. the cloth keyboard. b. the electronic ski jacket.c. the necktie to be used as a mouse. d. the denim jacket with earphones.5the main purpose of the text is _a. to advertise for an english company b. to predict the future trend of sciencec. to show how rapidly science develops d. to introduce some intelligent clothing (三)【要点综述】 衣服能用来打电话、听音乐、取暖和操作电脑吗？这已经不再是幻想了，英国公司electrotextiles就已经开发出几款这样的高科技电子服饰呢！1b细节理解题。根据第三段“like any electronic device, these hightech clothes have to be powered.”可知，电子服装与其他电子设备的相同点在于它们都使用电力作动力，故选b项。2a细节理解题。根据第三段“but the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat.”可知，研究者将用体热给电子服装发电，故选a项。3c词义猜测题。根据第五段“another useful garment is the shirtcummobile phone. this handy invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel！”两句之间的关系可判断选c项。4b推理判断题。根据第五段“the ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. this technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.”可推断这种滑雪衫适合滑雪探险时用，故选b项。5d推理判断题。根据第二段可知，本文旨在介绍英国公司electrotextiles所开发出来的高科技电子服饰，故选d项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】dthe quality of drinking water in shanghai will meet european union standard by 2015 and，a decade later，citizens in shanghai will drink the best water in the world.these were the goals set by the shanghai water authority.with the citys population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，chen yin，an official with the water authority，said shanghais water consumption will not increase from its present amount.zhang yue，director of the urban construction division under the ministry of construction，said，“shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions.they will not be easy to achieve.”he said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of chinas economy.saving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure(基础设施) costs by 10,000 yuan.last year，shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.“the_aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortage，” chen said，“the abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”shanghai lacks drinkable water.the huangpu river，which supplies 80 percent of the citys drinkable water，is nearing exhaustion.the city，therefore，has been exploring new sources from the yangtze river and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.besides penning regulations，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.at present，the city has 600,000 family toilets，each using 13 liters of water per flush.these are to be renovated(整修) to use only 9 liters of water per flush.the authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for householdsat a cost of 40 yuan each.in three years，all the toilets will be renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million yuan every year in water conservation.another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage(污水) to improve the water environment.at present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water.to meet the total demand,27 more sewagetreatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion yuan.41the peo