初中定语从句讲解及练习1.doc

Unit6-7 初中定语从句讲解及练习一定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(若指物，它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替） (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.（3)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?附练习（一） 定 语 从 句 练 习练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4.I have some ideas that may help. 5.They said something you didnt like. 6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man _ you went to see has come.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7.The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8.The man _was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook _ I have just read cannot be forgotten.12.A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book _ is on the table is mine.16.The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _I have visited.18.Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( )3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10.The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that三）关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。 2. when引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 练习二1）. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2 Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3） Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4）Do you still remember the day _ we first met?A. that B. when C. what D. on that5）October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A. when B. thatC. where D. in which6)October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. whenC. whereD. in which7).This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which四.非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立. 1. which引导的非限制性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 Unit8短语动词讲解A)动词+ 介词 (of,after,for,about,at) 名词，代词须放后面。 常见的有：agree with同意.的意见(想法);符合 belong to 属于wait for/ 等候 come from 来自get to到达. fall off (从.)掉下 knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像listen to听. pay for (sth.)付钱;支付talk about说话;谈话;谈论 talk with与.交谈think about考虑 ask for请求;询问B)动词+ 副词(up,down,away,out,off) 名词可前可后，代词须放中间。常见的有：put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演; cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完fall down跌倒;从.落下 find out查出(真相)get back回来;取回 give up放弃go over过一遍;仔细检 hand in交上来shut down把.关上 hurry up赶快look out留神;注意 look over (仔细)检查look up向上看;抬头看 pass on传递;转移到.pick up拾起;捡起 put away放好;把.收起来put down把(某物)放下来 put up挂起;举起try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等) try out试验;尝试turn down关小;调低 turn on打开(电灯、煤气、自来等)turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、 turn over (使)翻过来wake up醒来 wear out把.穿旧;磨坏work out算出;制订出 write down写下 run away流失;逃跑;逃走 set off出发;动身;启程 send up发射;把.往上送 trip over (被.)绊倒C) be + 形容词+ 介词 be angry with对(某人)发脾 be angry with对(某人)发脾 be angry with对(某人)发脾 be angry with对(某人)发脾ake off脱掉(衣服) throw about乱丢;抛撒 take out取出 . 气 be interested in对.感兴趣 be able to能;会 be afraid of害怕 be amazed at对.感到惊讶 be excited about对.感到兴奋 be filled with用.充满 be full of充满.的 be good at (= do well in ) 在.方面做得好;善于 be late for迟到 be made in在.生产或制造 be made of由.组成;由.构成 be pleased with对.感到满意 be proud of以.自豪(高兴) be used for用于 D)动词+ 名词/ 代词 beg ones pardon请原谅;对不起 do morning exercises做早操 do ones homework做作业 enjoy oneself (= have a good time) 过得快乐;玩得愉快 give a concert开音乐会 go boating去划船 go fishing去钓鱼 go hiking去徒步旅行 go skating去滑冰 go shopping (去)买东西 have a cold (患)感冒 have a cough (患)咳嗽 have a headache (患)头痛 have a try尝试;努力 have a look看一看 have a rest休息 have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下 have sports 进行体育活动 have supper吃晚餐 hear of听说 hold a sports meeting举行运动会