英语写作中常见错误与讲解.doc

英语写作中常见错误与讲解一 句子结构1. 误：Although I tried my best to speak English in class, but I failed at last. 正：Although I tried my best to speak English in class, I failed at last.解：从句用了although,主句就不要用but,两者只能用一个；类似错误：In my opinion, I think., Because, so.等，只用其中一个。2. 误：There are many people do not have a good score.正：There are many people who do not have a good score.解：一个句子中只能有一个谓语动词，如果还要用动词表意，则要变换形式为分词或不定式（它们又叫“非谓语动词”），或者变从句。3. 误：Its about eight years since I first learning English. 正：It has been about eight years since I first began learning English.解：since自从时候起，是完成时态的标志，这里“啥时”以过去发生了什么事情来表示。4. 误：no matter you learn English well or not正：whether you learn English well or not解：no matter how/when/which的“不论”非同于whetheror not之“不论”。5. 误：Not only satisfied dramatically was my vanity, but also my result in English was improved significantly.正：Not only was my vanity satisfied, my English proficiency was also improved significantly.解：not only, never, seldom, little, scarcely, nowhere, rarely等否定词和on no account/by no means/under no circumstances/in no way/in no case(绝不，在任何情况下都不)等带有否定含义的短语放在句首，通常把be/do等助动词和情态动词放在主语的前面，这就是所谓的部分倒装，例如Rarely does the temperature go above 25 degrees Centigrade here. (这里的温度很少超过25摄氏度。) Under no circumstances should we agree to such a principle.(在任何情况下我们都不能同意这样一个原则。) 6. 误：only can you do it , English is no problem for you.正：Only when you do it will English be no problem for you.解：“only+状语”位于句首，主句部分倒装。二 主谓一致1. 误：my classmate tell me 正：my classmates tell (classmate tells) me 解：主语是第三人称单数，且是一般现在时，谓语动词词尾应加“s”2.误：Someone think that learning English is to remember words.正：Some people think解：“someone” 是第三人称单数，其谓语动词应是“thinks”，但是既然“有个人”不能代表一些人的观点，没有说服力，因此还是用“some people”为好。3.误：My English become better and better.正：My English becomes better and better./ My English is becoming better and better.解：主语是第三人称单数，且是一般现在时，谓语动词词尾应加“s”4.误：My inner feelings is very complicated.正：are解：主语是第三人称复数，“be”动词应是“are”。5.误：I believe that many students has a lot of experience.正：have解：主语是第三人称复数，其谓语应是“have”。三 搭配1.误：In one hand,in the other hand正：On one hand, on the other hand解：这是固定搭配。2.误：in campus正：on解：campus指大学校园， on campus在校内，off campus在校外。3.误：look up the dictionary正：look up new words in the dictionary / consult the dictionary解：look up表示“查阅”的意思，后面一般接的是“单词”或“词义(the meaning of a word)”，而不是“字典”。4.误：Im developing my interest of English.正：in解：掌握名词、动词、形容词与什么介词搭配至关重要，需要平时的点滴积累，这些搭配一般是固定的，不可随便替换，例如show passion/enthusiasm/zeal(激情、热情)for ones work; a thirst/hunger/craving/desire(渴望) for knowledge；而sensitive(敏感的)、indifferent（漠不关心的）、addicted(成瘾的)则与介词to搭配，等等。5.误：I became more strict to myself.正：with6.误：I spent much time to practice it.正：I spent much time (in) practicing it.7.误：We all have difficulty in memorize new words.正：We all have difficulty in memorizing new words.解：have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)接动名词v-ing, 表示做某事有困难。8.误：I dream to be a scientist.正：I dream of being a scientist.9误：I learned English by my heart. 正：I learned English by heart. 解：表示“用心地”意思应该用by heart, 中间一般不用修饰词，类似短语还有by mistake(错误地)， by accident=hap=hazard（偶然，碰巧）by comparison/contrast(相比之下)， by experience(根据经验), by force（通过武力）， by habit(出于习惯), by principle(按照原则), by rote(死记硬背，机械地)。四 用词混淆1.误：I took a large number of time on practicing English listening. 正：It took me much time to practice listening./ I spent much time practicing English listening. 解：这个句子里面有两个典型错误。第一，表示做某事情花费某人多少时间，可以说It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth. 例如，It took me three hours to upload this movie. 其主语不要用人，而spend主语通常是人， I spent three days uploading this movie. 第二个错误，a (large)number of、a multitude of、a good many, many后面只能接可数名词的复数形式，a large amount of、much后面只能接不可数名词。2.误：we are interest in English. We can see some interest English movies正：we are interested in English. We can see some interesting English movies解：过去分词表示被动或者过去的意思，而现在分词表示性质。3. 误：we should pay a lot time to say it in any occasion正：we should spend a lot of time saying it on any occasion解：人能spend钱或时间，pay钱或代价。4. 误：we should take a lot of time to remember words正：we should spend a lot of time (in) remembering words解：人能spend钱或时间，东西（对象物体）take 某人+精力、时间、钱等。5. 误：instead of remember a large number of words正：instead of remembering a large number of words解：instead of是介词词性，后面必须跟名词或者名词词性的成分。6.误：I would be laughed by my classmates.正：laughed at解： “laugh at” 表示“嘲笑”的意思，是一个及物的动词短语，用于被动语态中，at应该保留。7.误：We would feel frustrating.正：frustrated解：这句话原意应是“我们将感到灰心”。表示“感到”，用“V+ed”形式，表示”令人或使人，用“V+ing”形式。如：听到这消息，我感到吃惊。译文：I feel /am surprised at the news. 这条消息令人吃惊。译文：The news is surprising. 类似的表达有：disappointed/disappointing(失望); amused/amusing（愉快）; amazed/amazing(吃惊); startled/startling（震惊）;astonished/astonishing(惊讶); pleased/pleasing（取悦）; excited/exciting（兴奋）等等。8.误：learning English well is of extreme important.正：importance解：“of + （表示性质的）noun（如：importance, significance, use, value, benefit etc.）”结构常被用来代替具有相同意思的形容词作后置定语或表语。9.误：I am shorting of the passion for studying English.正：short 解：“short”是形容词，而不是动词。10.误：If you insist on learning it every day, your English will be improved a lot.正：persist in解：“insist坚持”，多用于意见、主张； “persist坚持”一般用于行动，偶尔也用于意见；表示不顾困难阻碍，也可以表示顽固，不听开导或劝告。如：I insist on your going with me. 我坚持要你和我一起去。He ed in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.他虽然疲倦极了，可是仍坚持工作。11.误：You will success / be succeed.正：succeed / achieve success/ be successful解：“success”是名词，“succeed”是动词，“successful”是形容词。12.误：Listening is benefit to your pronunciation.正：benefits /is of benefit to /is beneficial to解：“benefit”可以用作名词（意思为“好处”），及物动词(意思为“有益于”)，“beneficial”是形容词。13.误：At first, you must make yourself love it. Second, you should spend more time on it.正：First解：“at first”意思为“起初，开始的时候”，不能用作列举。14.误：English is important to our students.正：us students解：因为“我”是学生中的一员，包括在学生中，因此，“我们”和“学生”是同位关系，并非所属关系。15.误：With time goes by,正：With the passage of time,/As time goes by,解：“with”是介词，后跟名词短语，“as”是连词，可引导状语从句。16.误：Learning English like learning other languages.正：is like解：“like”在这里应是介词“像”，而不是动词“喜欢”。17.误：My teacher told us to remember words as many as we could.正：remember as many words as we could解：此句中“many”应是“words”的定语，故不要分开。五 情态动词、助动词1. 误：you will achieving nothing 正：you will achieve nothing解：情态动词后跟动词原形。2. 误：it will very easy to learn English well.正：it will be very easy to learn English well解：will情态动词后必须跟实义动词原形。3.误：we can reading some simple English articles.正：read解：情态动词只能跟不带“to”的不定式。六 中式英语1. 误：If you dont believe it, just try!正：Have a try and you will see!解：如果逐字逐句翻译，我们就知道本来意思可能是：“如果你不相信，就试试看！” 但是， 英文的意思是：“如果你不相信这（道理），你试试看！” 这更象是终极教训的话。2. 误：With so many useful websites, we are convenient to learn English. 正：With so many useful websites, it is convenient for us to learn English.解：有些形容词只能用来描述某个动作或状态，而非修饰动作的执行者，例如important, crucial, vital, necessary, essential, easy, difficult, convenient, imperative, possible等；有些形容词可直接修饰人，描绘人的性格、品质等，例如considerate, careless, patient, kind, polite等，You are very kind to help me./It is very kind of you to help me. 3.误：we mainly do English papers before the college entrance examination.正：take simulated tests4.误：I was in Grade One when I first touched English.正：began to study / learn5.误：Because it gives me a chance to contact with the western cultures more directly.正：be exposed to western cultures七 时态、语态1. 误：When I first saw the English, I think it is a kind of strange language. 正：When I first saw the English, I thought it was a kind of strange language.解：统一时态，在描述当初的所见所闻，用过去时态。2. 误：The nine years of learning English makes up of my junior and senior life and two years in university.正：The nine years of learning English is made up of my junior and senior high school years and two years in university.解：中文喜“万事皆备于我”之主动表达意识，除非是在特别强调或者修辞的情况下，“被”字等表示被动的形式很少备用； 英文则只认主语是否是谓语动词的行动者还是受动者的死理，后者一定要被动形式表达。3. 误：When I fed up with it, I always think about those people.正：When Im fed up with it, I always think about those people.解：be fed up with something，类似表达还有： be bored with, be weary of,be tired of。4.误：Having learning English for about ten years,正：learned/learnt5.误：I have been studied English for many years.正：have been studying 解：如果某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，则用现在完成进行时have been v-ing。6.误：Have you ever heard of a person who become successful by doing something he hated? 正：Have you ever heard of a person who becomes successful by doing something he hates?解：时态一致，最好统一现在时态。另外，主谓一致。7.误：It is essential that a student has a good learning habit. 正：It is essential that a student have a good learning habit. 解：在类似It is/was essential that句型结构中，从句的谓语动词在美国英语中用动词原型，而在英国英语中用should+v。上句中essential=crucial=vital= extremely important，这些词放在此结构中，谓语动词采取相同的形式。类似的形容词还有：advisable(明智的), (in)appropriate/(im)proper(不/合适的),preferable(更好的)，desirable(合意的)。这种句型结构还可以表达一种不可思议的情况，表示“竟然”的意思，带有一种感情色彩，谓语动词用 “should+v”。It is surprising/dreadful/unthinkable that they should pass time like that. 他们竟然那样来打发时间真令人惊讶/可怕/不可思议。Its so strange that she should be so late. 真奇怪，她竟然来这么晚。Its natural that you should forget it. 你忘掉这事，这很自然。八 其它1. 误：Firstly, I think we should read some vocabularies everyday for learning English. Because the word is the basis of learning English.正：Firstly, I think we should read some vocabularies everyday for learning English because t