科技英语课程.doc

Our first electronic computers were made in 1958 我国首批电子计算机是1958年制成的They will mix freely with other organic compounds and are often soluble in organic solvents它们能与其它有机化合物自由地混合并能溶于多种有机溶剂中。（泛指，最好译出）Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions in water solution and a base as one that would form hydroxide ions in the same人们曾把酸定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的物质，而碱则是在同样溶液中会产生氢氧根离子的物质The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with two separate carbons forming only single bond. 氧的两对电子可以与两个单独的(不直接相连的)碳共用而形成单键High temperature causes dramatic changes in the properties of rubber高温可能/可/会使橡胶的性能发生惊人的变化 The presence of an acid stronger than nitric acid accelerates the reaction.比硝酸更强的酸的存在能/可/会加速反应The extraction behavior of nickel with PAN was reported in detail. PAN与镍萃取行为被详细报道过 Organic compounds were once thought to be produced only by living organism以前曾认为有机化合物只能从有生命的机体产生。The carbon has lost electrons and the oxygen has gained electrons in the change在变化中碳失去了电子，而氧获得了电子。The principle of absorption is very complex.吸附过程的原理很复杂。Total determination of molecular structure is possible by means of X-ray diffraction. Diffraction:衍射用x射线衍射的方法可以全面地确定/测定分子结构。 An acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction Proton:质子酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。Many chemical reactions need heat to make them take place 很多化学反应的发生都需要热/加热。The methyl group on the benzene ring greatly facilitates the nitration of toluene. methyl甲基; benzene苯; toluene甲苯 苯环上的甲基使甲苯的硝化非常容易Generally speaking, methane series are rather inert. methane甲烷总的来说，甲烷系的烃很懒惰。Zirconium is almost as strong as steel，but lighter锆几乎与钢一样强，但它比钢轻。Salts may be formed by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal盐可以通过用金属置换酸中的氢来制取Before I enter on the subject I have something to say 在讨论这一问题之前，我有些话要说The train had left before he got to the station.火车开了他才到车站 We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. 我们刚离开学校天就下起雨来Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力学习One must sow before one can reap. 先有播种后有收获a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良导体 a good soil 肥沃的土壤good oil 提纯了的油 a good money 真的货币 a good river 畅通的河道 good English 规范的英语It is no good heating the material to such a temperature. 把材料加热到这样的温度是不恰当的a good chess player 高明的棋手A good human translator一个熟练的翻译人员 The workers gave the machine a good checking. 工人们对机器进行了彻底的检查 have a good drink 喝个痛快Rivers provide good sources of hydropower. 河流具有丰富的水力资源making good use of the sun 充分利用太阳能来为a car with good brakes 刹车可靠的汽车a good investment 安全的投资 good debts 确可偿还的债务It is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully saturated. saturated饱和 这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质Methane is less than half as heavy as water 甲烷的重量不到水的一半。Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency to separate their molecules into ions （主语-宾语） 有机化合物在水中是不溶的，因为没有将它们的分子分离成离子的倾向。When a copper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte，very few of its atoms dissolve electrolyte电解液 当将铜片置于硫酸电解液中时，几乎没有铜原子溶解。Thus，an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction 因此，酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。The melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first，but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger alkanes烷烃 （谓-宾）烷烃的熔点起初很不规则，但随着分子的增大，有些趋向稳步上升。The past few decades have been characterized by a prodigious expansion of the organic-chemical industry. （谓语主语） prodigious惊人的过去数十年是以有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展为特征的Light makes vision possible. 光使得视觉成为可能。 Structure analysis is common to most organic research. （表语谓语） 结构分析为大多数有机研究所共有There are two groups of metals：pure metals and their alloys. (定语-主语)有两大类的金属：纯金属及其合金。TNT is simple and relatively safe to manufacture (状语-谓语)TNT可以简单而又相对比较安全地制造。The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small negligibly可忽略地分子间的吸引力可忽略地小。A six-carbon ring structure in the form of a hexagon with alternate single and double bond was assigned to benzene hexagon六角形; alternate交替的一种六碳环，六角形，单双键交替的结构，被指定为苯（必须打乱词序）The alternate double bond arrangement in the six-carbon ring is aromatics characteristic. aromatics芳香烃 芳香烃的特性是六个碳原子组成的环上双键交替排列。We can transform water into two gases by passing an electric current through it把电通入水中，我们就能把水变为两种气体X-ray will show the doctor clearly how the lung suffers.x射线会清楚地给医生显示肺部损害程度The figure shows the readers the relative action of the sun and the earth这个图给读者显示了太阳和地球的相对运动。The branch of science，artificial intelligence，is developing rapidly.人工智能这门科学分支正在迅速地发展We call such a zinc atom an ion with a double positive charge, Zn2+ .我们称这种带有两个正电荷的锌原子为锌离子，用Zn2+表示。The voltage of CPU should not exceed the maximum permissibleCPU的电压不应超过允许的最大值Being alloyed with certain metals, aluminum can be strengthened.铝和某些金属熔合后，强度会增大。Many industrial operation can be carried out in either of two ways which may be called DLS and DES operations许多工业操作可用DLS操作或DES操作来完成。 (Digital Logic Simulator 数据逻辑模拟器;Digital Expansion System 数字扩充系统)He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjin他本来在天津开会，会议一结束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来He had to stay in bed because he was ill因为他病了，他只好待在床上。I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be made如果安排得好，我还是希望你来。Better take your umbrella in case it rains最好带上伞以防下雨。要从这样的煤气或天然存在的烃类气体中除去有害物质硫化氢。就要用能吸收硫化氢的各种碱性溶液来洗涤虽然连续过程比间歇过程要求更为周密设计的设备。但连续过程通常能节约操作空间，较顺利地适应其它连续操作步骤。并能在任何常用的压力下进行，而不需要释放到大气压力下才能进行。Another development, by itself not strictly scientific in nature, is the growing awareness that the energy resources at present available to human technology are limited, and that photosynthesis is the only large-scale process on earth by which a virtually inexhaustible source of energy, i.e., the radiation energy of the sun, is collected and converted into a form of energy that is not only used by plants, but by all forms of life, including man.另一发展就其本性而言，本身不是严格科学的是人们正日益认识到下面这个事实，即：人类技术领域目前可以利用的能源是有限的，在地球上只有光合作用是能将那个实际上是取之不尽用之不竭的能源太阳的辐射能聚集起来，转换为不仅植物，而且包括人在内的所有生命都可以利用的能量形式的大规模过程。The activation energy of carbon gasification and surface reaction calculated with Arrhenius equation ranged between 227.70294.14 kJ/mol.根据Arrhenius方程计算出的碳气化反应和界面反应活化能分别为227.7和294.14kJmol；The ratios of frequency factors A ii /A ij ,the differences of activation energies (E ii -E ij ) were calculated through Arrhenius equation. The effect of solvent and hydrogen-bonding on the reactivity of monomer has been discussed.根据Arrhenius方程计算获得了该体系均聚、共聚反应频率因子之比Aii/Aij和活化能之差Eii-Eij,并讨论了溶剂、氢键对共聚合单体活性的影响；The T-g(=-37) and H(=48.8kJ/mol)of copolymers were obtained from the fitted results using two Cole-Cole functions and calculation with WLF equation and Arrhenius formula respectively. 由两个ColeCole函数对频率谱进行分峰拟合并根据WLF方程和Arrhenius表达式计算得到的共聚物玻璃化转变温度为37，局域松弛活化能为488kJmol ；The kinetic parameters Ea, n, Z in the curing reaction of the resin system obtained by means of DSC7 software according to the curing reaction kinetic equation set up by the DSC Measurement Principle and Arrhenius Formula.根据DSC测试原理和Arrhenius公式建立的固化反应动力学方程,借助DSC7动力学软件,求出该树脂体系的固化反应动力学参数Ea、n、z ；1. And the apparent activation energy was calculated by the Arrhenius equation. 2. The activation energy of vulcanization of CPE/NBR blend was obtained using Arrhenius formula. 3. The activation energy and the frequency factor of the reaction were calculated by Arrhenius formula. 1. 并利用 Arrhenius 方程测定了表观活化能。2. 根据阿累尼乌斯公式，求出CPENBR并用胶硫化反应活化能。3. 并通过阿仑尼乌斯方程求得不同反应条件下的聚合活化能和表观反应速率常数。4. Results of IR and SEM have proved that material obtained was the copolymers, based on the formula of Arrhenius activation energy of initiation was calculated. 5. And the energies of interdiffusion and grain boundary diffusion have been figured out by the Arrhenius equation. 6. The apparent activation energies and reaction rate constants of clinker formation reaction were also got in this study by Gentling and Arrhenius equation. 4,此外，利红外、电镜确证了研究所得材料为丙烯腈在丝素上的接枝共聚物。5. 从Arrhenius方程得出互扩散及晶界扩散激活能。6. 用金斯特林格和阿仑尼乌斯方程得出了熟料形成反应的表