2014年职称英语综合A真题及答案(文字清晰版).doc

2014年职称英语综合A真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A.pointB.tendencyC.resultD.finding2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A.furnishB.copyC.publishD.summarize4.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.regulateC.opposeD.support5.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.reproducedB.inventedC.designedD.reported6.The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abode byD.protested against7.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.appearedC.improvedD.relieved8.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.ridiculousC.beautifulD.impressive9.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.silentB.motionlessC.seatedD.true10.The country was torn apart by strife.A.povertyB.warC.conflictD.economy1答案：B解析：查词典。意思为倾向。2答案：D解析：注意：划线词所修饰的名词规律，规律性，判断划线词为单调的3答案：A解析：利用词典，意思为提供。4答案：D解析：利用词典，意思为提倡。5答案：A解析：划线词为教材词汇，对应的同义词应为copy，根据其意思，选A，为再生产、再制造。6答案：A解析：划线词为教材词汇，对应的答案为教材词汇相同。7答案：B解析：利用词典，意思为出现，显现。8答案：B解析：答案B为教材词汇，利用词汇扩充可见划线词。意思是可笑的，滑稽的。9答案：B解析：通过所给句子的语境，考虑4个选项意思，选定B为合适，为静止的，不动的。10答案：C解析：该题有难度。查词典。词义冲突。11.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.justiceD.model12.A persons wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainC.largeD.opposite13.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.sincereB.changedC.movedD.lasted14.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.terribleD.empty15.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A.modestB.hugeC.commercialD.national11答案：A解析：deed为do的名词形式，所以只有act意思相符。12答案：D解析：一个人的财富通常与其幸福成反比，该句意思本身就是提示。13答案：D解析：根据句子提示，16年是一个时间段，只有D选项last，表示持续一段时间。14答案：D解析：完全同义词。空的15答案：B解析：利用词典。巨大的。第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。When Our Words CollideWanna buy a body? That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from freelance(自由职业)photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into them, who trade in picture of bodies or chase celebrities, and us, the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role. I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.Working in the reputable world of journalism, I assigned photographers to cover other peoples nightmares. I justified invading moments of grief, under the guise(借口) of the readers right to know. I didnt ask photographers to trespass(冒犯) or to stalk(跟踪), but I didnt have to: I worked with pros(同行) who did what others did: talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines to get pictures I was after. And I wasnt alone.In the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血雨腥风). But you are likely to see the local newspaper and television photographers on the scene - and fast.How can we justify our behavior? Journalists are taught to separate doing the job from worrying about the consequence of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business dictum(格言): leave your conscience in the office. You get the picture of the footage: the decision whether to print or air it comes later. A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead: your job is to record the image. You put away your emotions and document the scene.We act this way partly because we know that the pictures can have important meaning. Photographs can change deplorable(凄惨的) situations by mobilizing public outrage or increase public understanding.However, disastrous events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. Often an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and put it up for bid by major magazines. The most keenly sought exclusives command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.Many people believe that journalists need to change the way they do things, and its our pictures that annoy people the most. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between sober-minded us and sleazy(低级庸俗的) them. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.16. The writer never get an offer for a photograph of a dead person.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18. The writer believes that shooting peoples nightmares is justifiable.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19. News photographers are usually a problem for rescue workers at an accident.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20. Journalists arent supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the U.S. News pictures.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned16答案：C解析：如果你看不懂意思，则采用我们课堂上讲的方法：将该题的黑体定位词放在一起在文章中查找，没有相关细节。17答案：B解析：文章第一段中出现after 16 years in that role，表示作者已经工作16年，而不是指16年前的事。该题为数字（时间）事实细节辨认。18答案：B解析：注意该题为一般现在时。将该题定位在第2段后发现，原文是过去时。单凭这一点，该题为B。当然，如果你能看懂整个文章大意，从意思上从理解上也可以确定。19答案：C解析：在第3段可以找到定位词In the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血雨腥风)，但这些定位词放在一起所表达的意思不是题目的意思。题目为这些新闻摄影工作者在事故现场常常成为救援人员的问题。，该内容在文中找不到。还记得课堂上讲的选项C的几种情况：1。主语未提；2。宾语或其他成分未提；3。所表达的意思未提。20答案：A解析：该题为第四段的概括，为我们课堂上讲的6大测试点中最难的一个。第四段通篇讲了作为一个记者，他的职业要求他应该怎样去做，用一句话表示，就是我们题目所表达的记者不应考虑他们所做的事情是否合适。21答案：A解析：定位于第6段最后一句，为该句的同义改写。22答案：A解析：见最后一段第2句。该题为原句的同义改写，为我们课堂上讲的同义改写的一种：主动改被动。第三部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。The Storyteller1.Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.2.Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T.is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parents 1966 divorce, It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.He was scared of just about everything, recalls his mother, Leah Adler.When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And thats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.3.Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War battles. Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention.Steven would start telling his ghost stories, says Richard Y.Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship(实习)in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs.The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的), he says.There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.A.Getting into the movie businessB.Inspirations for his moviesC.An aim of lifeD.Telling stories to make friendsE.The trouble of making moviesF.A funny man23.Paragraph 1_24.Paragraph 2_25.Paragraph 3_26.Paragraph 4_A.making children laughB.almost everythingC.a lot of moneyD.his childhood memoriesE.telling scary storiesF.a number of reasons27.Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from _28.When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of _29.Spielberg is very good at _30.Spielberg says he makes movies for _23.Paragraph 1_C_ 解析：aim=goal，利用了主题句中的主题词的同义词做选项。24.Paragraph 2_B_ 解析：根据该段的第1句“Even decades later， Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years， which are the origins of some of his biggest hits”，origin根源、起因，与B选项中的inspiration（启示、启发）为近义词。另可参考第一段的最后一句 “From the very beginning， his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking”中的inspire，可以判断得知。两句讲的是同一意思。25.Paragraph 3_D_解析：该段第一句很容易让人想到选项A，但实际上第2句才是主题句，因为之后的其余句子都是围绕第2句讲述、举例的，即：Spielberg讲鬼的故事，大家都爱听，他也成为大家的中心。26.Paragraph 4_A_解析：该段没有主题句，但都讲述了Spielberg的中学到大学的经历，一句接一句走向高潮，最终的结果是他收到好来钨的签约合同，决定辍学，其中的含义即是“踏入影视界”。该题为课堂讲的无主题段落。27.Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from _D_解析：定位于第2段“Even decades later， Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years， which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.”这里biggest hits即是themost successful movies的同义表达，hit=successful event.D选项中的childhood=his earliest years.28.When Spielberg was a boy， he used to be scared of _B_解析：在第2段中描写了他童年的经历，其中“He was scared of just about everything”正是本题的答案提示。29.Spielberg is very good at _E_解析：第3段中的“Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends.”，talent for scary storytelling=be good at scary storytelling. Talent for =擅长于、在方面有才能=good at（擅长于）。给出的前半句利用了同义词替换。30.Spielberg says he makes movies for _F_解析：最后一段中“There are films that I feel I need to make， for a variety of reasons， for personal reasons， for reasons that I want to have fun， that the subject matter is cool， that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money， like the sequel（续集） to Jurassic Park.”讲到了他拍摄电影出于很多种原因。所以，定位准确非常重要。第四部分：阅读理解。短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and the castles of Britain by the death of the Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts Country House Scheme. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about 150 of these old houses. Last year, about 1.75 million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, 540 farms and nearly 2500 cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original 16th century style. Over 4,000 acres of coastline , woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.Over the past 80 years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life. It helps to preserve all that and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31. The National Trust is aA. Government agency depending on voluntary services.B. Non-profit organization depending on voluntary services.C. Government department but is not rich.D. Private organization supported by the government.32. The National Trust is dedicated toA. Preserving the best public enjoyment.B. Providing the public with free access to historic buildings.C. Offering better services to visitors home and abroad.D. Protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings.33. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Lord LothianA. Donated all his money to the Trust.B. Started the Country House Scheme.C. Saved many old country houses in Britain. 本题缺选项34. All the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPTA. The Trust is more interested in protecting the 16th century houses.B. Many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust.C. Visitors can get free access to some places owned by the Trust.D. The Trust has a story which is longer than 80 years.35. The word invade in Paragraph 4 is closet in meaning toA. Come in without permission.B. Enter with invitation.C. Visit in large numbers.D. Appear all of a sudden.31答案：B解析：Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.根据相关描述，排除了A、C和D。32答案：D解析：根据第一段最后一句：Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. D选项用了划线部分的同义词表达。34答案：A解析：该题为复合题型，为推理判断+是非判断。根据课堂上所讲的比较、数字、专有名词等明显测试点的选项优先考虑，只有A不合乎原文，A中的比较级在文章中没有。35答案：C解析：如果没有上下文，则该词的意思是A（侵略）。但结合上下文，则应该选C，意思是：大量的游客涌入英国。第二篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.She added:We know that the best weapon to overcoming br