主谓一致-PPT.ppt

主谓一致原则讲解,Pleasemakethebestchoice!,1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近一致,1.Whentoleavenotbeendecided.(have)2.GoingshoppingonSundayoneofhishabits.(be)3.Todohouseworkdifficultforme.(be)4.Whathesaidandwhathedidalwaysdifferent.(be),has,is,is,were,2).Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided,当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,总结：一语法一致：主语复数，谓语复数；主语单数，谓语单数；如果主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数,1。从句、不定式、动名词等做主语时谓语动词视为整体，用单数。注意：如果主语是两个或者两个以上的名词性从句，谓语用复数。,1.ThenovelistandpoetgoingtoEuropenextyear.(be)2.ThenovelistandthepoetgoingtoEuropenextyear.(be),is,are,总结2：两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念做主语时，位于用单数,1.TheArabianNightsveryinteresting.(be)2.TheUnitedStatesfoundedin1776.,is,is,总结3：专用名词如：书名，戏剧名，报刊名，国家（组织名），用单数,1）.Tenthousanddollars_quitealargesum.A.areB.isC.hasD.have,2.Tenminutesenough(be)3.Twentyyearspassedsinceheleft.(have),is,has,总结4：表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语做主语时，视为整体用单数,1）.Sixtimesseven_forty-two.A.areB.isC.haveD.was,2）10plus3040.3)2times36.(make),is/equals,makes,总结5：加、减、乘、除等数学运算的谓语动词通常用单数,1.Eachgirland(each)boyanewhat.(have)2.Everyhourandeveryminute(be)important.3.Theyeachagoodhandwriting.(have)4Eachofthemagoodhandwriting.(have),has,is,have,has,总结6:and连接的两个主语或多个主语前有each,every，no等修饰语时，谓语用单数,2.非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1）.Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearly_goodforyourhealth.A.isB.areC.wasD.were,由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。,4).Whenwewillholdthemeeting_notdecidedyet.A.isB.areC.beD.was,3).Playingfootballnotonly_usgrowuptallandstrongbutalso_usasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.A.make;giveB.makes;givesC.makes;giveD.make;gives,2、舍近求远的原则：语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；1）以alongwith,togetherwith,with,aswellas,accompaniedby,ratherthan,but,except连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：,1.NobodybutJane_thesecret.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown,2.I,ratherthanyou,_responsiblefortheaccident.AamBareChasDhave,3.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered,4.Allbutone_herejustnow.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were,5.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_invitedtotheparty.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen,Thehouse,includingthegardenandthegarage,wassoldout.,6.Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.haveknown,Severalpassengers,togetherwiththedriver,werehurt.,1。由notonlybutalso,neithernor,eitheror,notbut以及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。Notonlyyourfathersfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking.,3.就近一致原则,1）NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be,2）Oneorperhapsmorepages_missing.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen,Areyouorhetodrive?Wassheoryouthere?,3）Peter,perhapsJohn,_playingwiththelittledog.A.seemsB.wereC.areD.is,4)_he_Ifinishedtheexperiment?Haveneither/norHasneither/norC.Haveneither/orD.Haveeither/or,5)-_eitherheorIfitforthejob?-Neitherhenoryou_.A.Am;areB.Is;areC.Are;areD.Is;is,Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.,guess,2在倒装句中以及在Therebe结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister?Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk.,1)Onthewall_famouspaintings.A.haveB.areC.isD.has,2)There_alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has,1并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.,意义一致：,1）Boththesecretaryandthemanager_agreedtoattendthemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is,2）Thesecretaryandmanager_verybusynow.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.were,2陈述部分用everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,noone或no+复数名词等作主语时，反意部分用they。而陈述部分用everything,something,nothing,anything时，反意部分代词则采用单数，用it。Somebodyiswaitingforyou,arenthey?Everythingisallright,isntit?,3主语是以-ics结尾的学科名词以及news,works(工厂)等都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn.Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.,1)Everymeans_beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.wereC.wasD.hasbeen,注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweak.,2)Allmeans_beenused.A.hasB.wasC.haveD.be,4the+形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如：Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.,Theold_welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was,5.主语是family,team,group,crowd,class,committee等集合名词时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式，如指的是全体人员时，谓语用复数。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.,类似这样的集体名词有：family,class,audience,committee（委员会）,crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council（理事会）,village等。,Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.,1)Hesaidthathisfamily_allverywell.A.areB.wereC.isD.was,2)Thepopulationofthecity_increasingfast.A.wereB.beC.isD.are,3)TheUnitedStates_madeupof50states,oneofwhich_Kentucky.is/areB.is/isC.are/isD.are/are,4)Zhangsfamily_ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was,2019/12/16,41,可编辑,5)Nowthepolice_searchingthetownforthelostchild.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are,.6)Thepolice_theblackinwinter.wearsB.wearC.putonD.putson,主语people作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。(police,cattle,public)Ourpeopleisagreatone.Thereare56peoplesinChina.,6主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.,Therestofhisjourneywaspleasant.Therestofthegirlsarefondofmusic.Allofyourworkiswelldone.Allofyouranswersarecorrect.,1)Mostofhissparetime_spentinreading.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen,2)Where_thatfivepoundsIlentyou?A.isB.haveC.wasD.were,3)Twoofthemwillgofirst,therest_tostay.A.isB.areC.usedD.has,4)ItisnotIwho_wrong.A.isB.areC.amD.hasbeen,2“的几分之几”和“的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于of后的名词。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.,70percentofthesurfaceiscoveredwithwater.70percentofthefarmershaveimprovedtheirlivingconditions.,1)Onethirdofthepopulationhere_workers.A.isB.haveC.beD.are,2)About20percentofthework_doneyesterday.A.areB.isC.wereD.was,8“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”之前有theonly,thevery,the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.,1)Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswho_toschoolonfoot.goB.goesC.havegoneD.aregoing,2)Hewastheoneofthestudentswho_praisedatthemeeting.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are,注意：,1.oneof+复数名词+（单）谓语，如：Oneofthestudentsisfromthesouth.2.oneof+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用复数），如：Heisoneoftheboyswhoarereadytohelpothers.,3.the(only)oneof+名词（复数）+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhocomesearly.,1）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，谓语用复数，但前面有each,every,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：,语法一致：,Bothriceandwheat_growninthatcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.has,Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite.,Nostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty,Eachdoctorandeachnursewassentfor.,1).Duringtheholidayseverytrainandship_crowded.A.areB.wereC.wasD.has,2）Noteacherandnostudent_admittedinhere.areB.wereC.isD.has,主谓一致的测试热点,2由manya或morethan+单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition.,1)Morethanonepersonhere_withthedisease.hasbeeninfectedB.havebeeninfectedC.hasbeeninfectingD.havebeeninfecting,2)Manyastudent_thatmistakebefore.A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havemadeD.hasmade,3主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时，谓语用单数。Mytrousersarebeingwashednow.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.,Thispairofshoes_madeinourfactory.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hadbeen,4“anumberof+名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis55.,2)Thenumberofstudentsthatyouhavemet_thelifeoftheteam.areB.isC.wereD.be,1)Anumberofstudents_fromthesouth.A.areB.isC.haveD.has,成对的名词，如breadandbutter涂黄油的面包，sodaandwater汽水，coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡，aimandend目的，saltandwater盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.,特殊知识点,2在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.,ItisnotIwho_wrong.isB.areC.amD.hasbeen,He,who_yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows.wasB.areC.isD.am,3主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.,1）TheArabianNights_wellknowntoEnglishlovers.A.isbeingB.areC