轮机长用最新轮机英语4647题库....doc

编号问题选择A选择B选择C选择D答案注解1On a large diesel engine installation, crankshaft axial alignment is maintained by the _.piston rod guidesengine thrust bearingcrosshead bearingmain shaft flexible couplingB在大型柴油机安装中，曲轴靠推力轴承保持轴向对中。2A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 rpm, is commonly classed as a _.slow-speed dieselmedium-speed dieselhigh-speed dieselconstant-speed dieselB曲轴转速800转分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称 为中速柴油机。3Which of the following statements is correct concerning available astern power for diesel main propulsion systems?Astern power is to be provided in a sufficient amount to secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances.The astern power of the main propelling machinery is to provide for continuous operation astern at 60% of the ahead rpm at rated speed.For main propulsion systems without reversing gears, controllable pitch propellers or electric propulsion drive, running astern is not to lead to overload conditions.Astern power available will be equal to ahead power when controllable pitch propellers are utilized, thus discounting the need for increased operating parameters.A倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制。4When two medium speed diesel engines coupled in parallel to a common propeller shaft that operates at the same speed as the engines, which of the operating conditions listed will apply?Full horsepower is available ahead and astern.One engine must be running ahead and the other astern. Full reversing torque is not available.Mechanical reduction gearing is required.D当两台中速柴油机并排连接到同速运转的普通螺旋桨轴上，需要机械减速装。5Which of the listed design features is most common to a two-stroke/cycle low-speed main propulsion diesel engine?Crosshead construction.Cross-scavenging air flow.Trunk type pistons.Single reduction gearing.A低速二冲程主推进柴油机普遍采用十字头结构。6A disadvantage of a two-stroke/cycle diesel engine is _.more power strokes per revolutionthe use of scavenge airmore complicated valve gearhigher working temperatures of the piston and cylinderD二冲程柴油机的缺点是气缸头的温度高。7In comparing engines of equal horsepower, higher exhaust gas temperatures occur in a/an _.opposed-piston enginedouble-acting enginetwo-stroke/cycle enginefour-stroke/cycle engineD与相同马力的柴油机相比，四冲程柴油机的废气温度高。8The double bottom in a vessel is a space comprised of _.plating forming the engine room tank topdouble plating installed over the flat keel platea watertight boundary formed by the inner bottomcompartments between the inner and outer bottomsD船的双底壳是由内外两层构成的。9A water jacket is placed around the exhaust manifolds of propulsion diesel engines to _.reduce heat radiation to the engine roomaid in preventing turbocharger overheatingcondense and drain moisture from exhaust gasesdampen exhaust gas pulsations in the manifoldA环绕排气总管的水套是为了减少对机舱的热辐射。10Which of the listed types of staring systems is often used on large, low speed, direct reversing, main propulsion diesel engines?Electric.Hydraulic.Air.All of the above.C大型低速可逆转主推进柴油机使用空气起动系统。11The over-speed trip installed on most diesel engine will stop the engine by shutting off the _.water supplyfuel oil supplylube oil supplyexhaust damperB大多数柴油机安装的超速保护（停车）装置通过切断燃油供油使发动机停车。12In a common rail system, excessive pressure in the header may be caused by _.improper adjustment of the bypass valvea dribble in the fuel injection nozzleinsufficient leak-off through injection nozzle packinga malfunctioning injection nozzleA在共轨燃油喷射系统中,集油管压力过大可能是由于旁通阀调节不当而造成的。13Diesel engine electric starting motors generally require heavier duty motors and operaste at higher voltages than comparable starting motors for gasoline engines due to _.higher speed requiredflywheel-effectlower starting temperatureshigher compression pressuresD因为要更高的压缩压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有更大的功率和更高的电压。14When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-speed diesel engines should be bolted to their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance (loosely fitted) bolts in other locations. This is done to _.maintain alignment when the ships hull is working in heavy seasensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of the hullpermit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expandsmaintain engine thrust bearing clearancesC当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地。15A diesel engine with a combustion chamber located between the crowns of two pistons is known as a / an _.double-acting engineopposed pistons enginesingle-acting enginehorizontal acting engineB柴油机的燃烧室介于两个活塞之间，这种发动机称为“对置活塞式柴油机”。16In using reduction gears to obtain efficient propeller speeds, _.they must be located at the after end of the enginethey can only be used with one engine at a timethey eliminate the need for controllable pitch propellersthey are connected to the engine with a flexible couplingD减速齿轮与发动机采用柔性联轴节连接。17For a given size engine, the two-stroke / cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four-stroke / cycle diesel engine because _.it has a longer power strokemore air gets into the cylinder each strokeit develops twice as many power strokes at the same speedhigher combustion pressure is developedC理论上，二冲程柴油机发出的功率是相同四冲程柴油机的两倍。18The minimum speed an engine must attain before ignition can occur depends upon _.the type and size of the enginethe condition of the engineambient temperatureall of the aboveD发动机发火之前必须获得的最低转速取决于发动机的类型和尺寸、发动机的状态和环境温度等因素。19In a diesel engine, internal combustion causes the piston to be moved by _.the simple admission of fuel and air into the combustion space onlythe pressure of gases developedspecially designed parts connected to a shaftthe concept of reciprocityB在柴油机工作时，内部燃烧引起活塞被燃气压力驱动。20Diesel engines are classified as reciprocating internal combustion engines because they _.use energy from fuel burned outside their cylindersburn fuel in a combustion chamber that moves back and forthburn fuel in a chamber where its energy moves a piston back and forthuse a continuous combustion process to impart rotary motion to the pistonsC把柴油机归类于往复式内燃机，是因为燃油在燃烧室内被燃烧，产生能量使活塞作往复运动。21A main propulsion diesel engine is normally shut down by _.shutting off the air supplyover-speeding the enginesecuring the fuel supplysecuring the ignition systemC主推进柴油机是通过切断燃油供应实现停车的。22The thermal energy produced by an internal combustion engine is transformed into _.combustion energyinternal energyexternal energymechanical energyD内燃机产生的热能转换成机械能。23Maximum horsepower of a diesel engine is attained _.when the engine RPM is pulled down by overloadat rated engine RPMat 95% of rated engine RPMat 95% of a properly adjusted governor RPM with the engine under full loadB在额定转速时所产生的功率是柴油机的最大功率。24As a heat engine, _ energy is the source of power by which the diesel engine can be operated.electricheatmechanicalexhaustB柴油机作为热机，热能是其功率的来源。25Because the castings of smaller engines are not so big and heavy, _ and cylinder block may be made in one piece.the columnthe jacketcylinder covercylinder linerA由于小型发动机的铸件不是很重也不是很大，机架和气缸体可以做成一体。26_ system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel.The domestic waterBilge waterOil transferThe ballastD压载水系统用来确保能从任一个舱或海中吸入海水，也能将水排到任一舱或海中，达到平衡船舶之目的。27If you vessel burns 8 tons of fuel per hour at 15 knots, how many tons per hour will it burn at 18 knots?13.82 tons15.61 tons16.00 tons16.37 tonsA船舶以15节的速度航行时耗油8吨，那么以18节的速度航行时的耗油量为：M2=（V2 / V1）3M1=（18 / 15）38=13.82（吨）。28Each cylinder liner on the marine medium speed engines _.is usually cooled by sea watercan be replaced when worn outis in direct contact with the water in the bore of the cylindercant expand when heatedB船用柴油机的缸套磨损后可以更换。29Energy losses due to _ occur in every machine.speedfrictionimpactatmosphereB由于磨擦造成的能量损失在每一台机器都存在。30Hitachi B&W, 2-stroke cycle, single acting direct reversible, cross-head, welding design type diesel engine with turbo-charge, these information refers to _.the type of a pumpthe type of a turbo-chargethe type of an accessory equipmentthe type of a main engineD日立B&W、二冲程循环、单作用直接换向、十字头、焊接设计、带涡轮增压等等，显然介绍的都是主机的特性。31If the buoyant force on a ships hull is equal to or greater than the displacement tonnage, the ship will _.require ballast added to only the port side tanksbe down by the headsinkfloatD如果船体浮力等于或大于船舶的排水量，船舶就能浮在水面上。“buoyant force、displacement tonnage”意为“浮力、排水量吨位”32The stability of a vessel is normally the greatest when all fuel and water tanks are full because the _.center of gravity is loweredcenter of buoyancy is loweredreserve buoyancy is unchangedhull freeboard is increasedA当所有水舱和燃油舱都注满时，由于重心降低，船舶的稳性最好。33_ thrust and resistance equal each other, the ship always travels at a constant speed.As long asAs far asAs well asUnlessA只要船舶的推力与阻力相等，船舶将匀速前进。“as long as”意为“只要”34Wake varies considerably with the form of the vessel, but, generally speaking, the bluffer the ship _ the wake value.the higherthe lowerthe fasterthe slowerA船舶产生的伴流与船舶形态有很大关系。一般地说，船舶的线型越肥满，产生的伴流就越大。“wake”意为“【船】伴流，尾流，航迹”；“bluff”意为“船头平阔而垂直的，肥满线形的，非流线型的”35In moving forward, a ship imparts forward motion to the water at the sterns this is known as _.the speed of the vesselthe speed of the propellerthe wakethe wake fractionC船舶前进时，带动艉部的水产生向前运动，这就是所谓的“伴流”。“impart M to N”意为“将M传授于（传给）N”36_ can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine is either a steam turbine or a 2-stroke crosshead engine.The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engineThe low speed 2-stroke crosshead engineThe medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engineThe low speed 4-stoke piston engine A中速四冲程筒状活塞式柴油机可见于大多数的中型和大型商船，即使其主机是蒸汽透平或是二冲程十字头式柴油机。“even if”意为“即使”。37_ allows the engines to be placed wherever is most suitable, as they no longer have to be aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations.Diesel engine propulsionDiesel electric propulsionSteam engine propulsionGas turbine propulsion B柴油机电力推进系统的柴油机可布置在（机舱的）最佳位置，而不用象常规装置那样考虑柴油机与减速器和轴系的对中问题。38Medium speed engines have a _ power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes, but due to the higher speeds tend to have _ maintenance intervals.higher / reducedhigher / increasedlower / reducedlower / increasedA中速机与低速二冲程机相比有较高的功率/重量比，但也因其高速使得维修间隔缩短。39Special thrust devices are provided on ships to improve their _ at zero ship speed when the rudder is relatively ineffective.maneuvering capabilitiesstarting capabilitiesstopping capabilitiesacceleration capabilities A特殊的推进设备（侧推器）被安装在船舶上，在船速为零，无舵效时改善船舶的机动能力。40The diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine in that _.both of them are ignited by compressed airboth of them are the forms of external combustion enginesboth of them have spark plugsthe power is developed by the piston in the cylinder D柴油机和汽油机的相似点在于都使用活塞传递功率。41The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is _.they operate between 150 and 450 rpmthey are connected to the propeller by gearingtheir smaller size and weightthey can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing C越来越多的商船使用中速柴油机，原因在于它们体积小，重量轻。42Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that _.steam rather than gas is used to turn a shaftvapor rather than gas is used to turn a shaftthe former uses gas to turn a shaftthe latter uses gas to turn a shaft C燃气涡轮和蒸汽涡轮区别在于前者使用燃气驱动转轴。43A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called _.REEEERRO/RO SHIPCONTAINERTANKER A被设计装载需要制冷的货物的船舶称为“REEEER”。44The additional mark _ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents the propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigating bridge control station, and engine room is watched by duty personnel.BRCMCCAUT-0AUT-1 A船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志BRC，代表了推进装置可以由驾驶台远程控制，机舱由轮机值班人员负责当班。45The additional mark _ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents that personnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery and electronic devices.BRCMCCAUT-0AUT-1 B船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志MCC，代表了轮机人员集控室值班，监控所有机械和电子设备。46The additional mark _ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery means propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigating bridge control station, and engine assembly control station is watched by duty personnel.BRCMCCAUT-0AUT-1 D船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志AUT-1，代表了推进装置由驾驶台远控，轮机人员集控室值班（至少有一人）。47The additional mark _ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery means propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigating bridge control station, and engine assembly control station is unmanned periodically.BRCMCCAUT-0AUT-1 C船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志AUT-0，代表了推进装置驾驶台远控，机舱无人值班。48(Piston area)(Piston stroke)(numbers of the cylinders)=engine _.brake horsepowerdisplacementcylinder volumecylinder clearance B活塞面积活塞冲程气缸数发动机排量49The depth of fuel oil in a tank is normally measured through the _.vent lineoverflow linefeed linesounding tube D油舱深度通过测深管来测量。Sounding tube：测深管50Which of the devices listed is installed on a diesel engine to isolate some of the crankshaft vibrations caused by rotational and reciprocating forces?Planetary gear setTorsional vibration damperFriction clutchAir bladder clutch B由于回转力和往复力造成的曲轴振动可以通过扭振减震器来隔离。Torsional vibration damper：扭振减震器51Critical speed in diesel engines occurs when engine torque pulsations become _.opposed to the crankshaft rocking coupleresonant with the crankshaft natural frequencycritical fore and aft crankshaft vibrationshorizontal whipping motions of the crankshaft B临界转速时柴油机的转矩波动和曲轴的自然频率发生共振。Resonant：引起共鸣的52Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful propeller speed. In most reduction gears, the bull gear _.must churn the oil in the sumpis connected to the propeller shaftis driven at the highest RPMcompensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gearB一些中高速柴油机需要减速箱来为螺旋桨提供合适的转速。在大多数减速箱中，从动齿轮是和螺旋桨轴相连的。Bull gear：大齿轮, 从动齿轮；churn：搅乳器，搅拌, 搅动；compensate：偿还, 补偿, 付报酬；alignment variation：对中变化；pinion gear：小齿轮53A clearly visible benefit of RT-flex system is their _ operation at all ship speeds. This is achieved by the superior combustion performance.shock lesssmokelessno vibrationnoiselessBRT-flex系统的明显好处是在如何船速下的无烟运行。这可以通过超级燃烧来实现。Benefit：利益，好处，获益；superior：较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的54The key feature of the Sulzer RT-flex system is that it gives complete freedom in the _ and operation of fuel injection and exhaust valve actuation.meteringcontrolusingtimingDSulzer RT-flex系统的关键特色是在喷油定时和气阀定时方面的自如控制。省却了凸轮轴，控制更加方便55_ is used for washing and drinking.The ballast systemThe salt water systemThe bilge systemThe domestic systemD船舶日用水系统提供盥洗水和饮用水。56In heavy marine engine the practice is to drive the engine on _ which has previously been stored in starting air reservoirs.electric motorhydraulic motorcompressed airturning gearC对于大型船舶柴油机，通常的做法是采用压缩空气（事先存放在压缩空气瓶内的空气）来起动的。57The development goals for a large marine engine are many often interact and in some cases even _ with each otherconflictaccordharmonizestruggleA大型船舶发动机的发展目标往往是相互相成，有时甚至是相互冲突。注意点：conflict with：与相互冲突，抵触58The abbreviation M/E is used to represent the _.measure equipmentmain electricalmy enginemain engineD主机的缩略语是“M/E”。abbreviation：n.缩写, 缩写词59Marine four-stroke diesel engines are mainly _.of crosshead typeof trunk piston typeof low speed typeall the aboveB极大多数船用四冲程柴油机属于筒状活塞式。60We have stayed at Shanghai port for a long time. The fouling on the ships hull greatly increases her _.powerspeedresistancethrust forceC我们已在上海港停留了很长时间。船体污染大大增加了船舶的阻力。61_ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant vessels, because they have a high Hp/Weight ratio.Slow speed diesel enginesMedium-speed diesel enginesSteam enginesGasoline enginesB中速机作为商船的主机有增加的趋势是因为其具有较高的功率重量比。62Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ship (especially containerships and VLCCs) utilizes _ as prime mover.gas turbinediesel enginesteam enginegasoline engineB当代大多数商船（特别是集装箱船和超大型油轮）都采用柴油机作为推进船舶的原动机。63Typical marine propulsion plants include _ directly coupled to the vessels single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller.a single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke diesel enginea single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel enginetwo medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel Enginesa variable-speed AC generatorA典型的船舶推进装置包括一台长冲程低速增压二冲程柴油机和一个大直径定矩桨，两者直接连轴。64With _, the engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller shaft.Diesel engine propulsionDiesel electric propulsionSteam engine propulsionGas turbine propulsionB对于柴电推进，发动机不必与减速箱或螺旋桨轴对中。65Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainly because _.they have a high mechanical efficiencythey have a high thermal efficiencythey are more reliablethey are good lookingB船舶上柴油机取代蒸汽机作为主机主要是因其热效率高。66When ship is fouled, increasing the fuel injection for keeping the normal speed will cause the main engine _ .to work as overload ch