英语语法复习课件-非谓语动词.ppt

NonfiniteVerbs,(非谓语动词),福建师大二附中2008年4月,谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.HedidntgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词/助动词+v.,系动词+表语,非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudontworkinthefactory.Beingstudents,youdontworkinthefactory.,过去分词,不定式,V.-ing形式,非谓语动词,高考题,巩固题1,巩固题2,Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial),(subject),(object),(predicative),(attribute),(objectcomplement),(attribute),(predicative),(object),V-ingasAdverbial,1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.,2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.,3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.,(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone,4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.,5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.,6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.,V-ing的形式,Revision（一）动词不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawkingslecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromliving(objectcompement),Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didntyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.Illwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.,（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态,小结,(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoing,过去分词done,若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallentree=atreewhichhasfallen(down),1.形式与含义,2.成分,1)作表语egSheisinterestedinthejob.Alltheaudiencesaremoved.,2)作定语eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.,AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.,Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.,Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.,AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.,Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.,3）作宾补egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.,4)作状语,（比较：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）,eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.,Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.,eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.,Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.,判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasntfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldntmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.,adverbial,Objectcomplement,attribute,adverbial,Objectcomplement,predicative,adverbial,attribute,例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.There_nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.Time_,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.Thework_,hewenttobed.,being,permitting,当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。,独立主格结构。,finished,不定式,不定式的作用,例1._makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Whether,B,解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是改for为of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充当形式宾语使用。,不定式,B,解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain,不定式的作用,不定式,不定式的作用,例3:Youarethethirdone_theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.entered,A,解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词way/chance/opportunity等或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物动词要加介词),B,不定式,解析：因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeistonottodo句型，故选B。,不定式的作用,不定式,不定式的作用,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。,例5:Youarenotallowed_thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totake,D,解析：allowsb.todo当被改为被动态时，为sb.beallowedtodo.,不定式,不定式的作用,例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.,A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.Adverbialofreason,A,B,C,B,D,不定式,解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。,不定式的时态和语态,例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.,B,解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.,不定式,C,解析：该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warnsb.nottodosth.warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构另外，not应放在to之前。,不定式的否定形式,V.-ing形式,A,v.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法,Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,解析,Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.,Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed,V.-ing形式,例2asleepingbabyasleepingbag,Ving做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。,boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedman,ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词,V.-ing形式,例3.Iforgot_mynamewhenIfinished_thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing,有些动词后接todo为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加todo也可加doing，但是意义不同。,B,过去分词,1.作状语,C,解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought.（比较：Losinghimselfinthought,healmostran）,过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。,过去分词,2.作定语,A,过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.,解析,过去分词,3.作表语,C,解析：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.,过去分词,4.作补语,该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.,C,解析,历年高考题,1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan_(03上海春)AkeptBtobekeptCkeepingDbeingkept,2._themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragementAThepresidentwillattendBThepresidenttoattend(03上海春)CThepresidentattendedDThepresidentsattending,3.Unless_tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconferenceAinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvited(03上春),4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive(03上海春)AtohaveplayedBtoplayCtobeplayedDtobeplaying,A,D,A,B,5.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking,6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn,7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow,9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding,10.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay,11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written,12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone,13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing,15.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.(97上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned,16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.(95上海20)A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin,17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded,18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading,5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive,6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,_.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice,20.Thelibraryneeds_,butitllhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned,4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen,1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow_English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn,2.Itsapayday，andtheyarewaiting_.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid,3.-Alettermaybetooslow.-Whynot_atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend,巩固练习,C,D,A,B,A,D,1._isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk,2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided,3.Is_necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he,4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen,5.Shepretended_theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived,6.Icantimagine_thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.working,Non-infinitive,14.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned,15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied,16.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,_.A.alotofprac