NewStandardEnglish标准大学英语课后答案unit.doc

Unit 8Active reading (1)Reading and understanding2 Choose the best summary of the passage.1 The writer uses the Eiffel Tower as an example of a monument that has become a beloved symbol inspite of being unpopular with some people at the time of its creation. Ironically, the Eiffel Tower wasnot built with any greater aim than simply to be large and imposing, yet now it is seen as representingthe city of Paris.3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why was the Eiffel Tower built so high?(a) To prove that the French had the technical ability to construct such a tower.(b) To win a competition with the city of Washington, DC.(c) So it could also be used for scientific purposes.(d) To keep it from seeming too practical.2 According to the passage, why were most of the great towers of the world built?(a) To provide views of the land below.(b) For religious reasons.(c) For military and defensive purposes.(d) As symbols of certain cities or countries.3 Why did Guy de Maupassant frequently have lunch at the Eiffel Tower?(a) Because he enjoyed the view from the top.(b) To hide the fact that he did not like the Tower.(c) So that people would see him there while he ate.(d) Because he could not see the Tower if he was inside it.4 Why did so many tourists visit the Eiffel Tower when it opened?(a) To both look at it and to enjoy the view from it.(b) Because it was an important symbol of the country.(c) Because it was included in the Paris Exhibition of 1889.(d) As a way to protest the negative opinions of the “effete class”.5 Why did both Hitler and Algerian rebels want to destroy the Tower?(a) Because the Tower also served military purposes.(b) Because Resistance fighters used the Tower as a base.(c) Because it was an important symbol of the country.(d) So their armies could not be seen by defenders.6 Which of the following is NOT true of the Eiffel Tower today?(a) It is frequently shown on tourist posters.(b) It is the tallest structure in Paris.(c) It is considered a symbol of France.(d) It is seen differently from how it was at first.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to build something such as a statue or a bridge (erect)2 very tall (lofty)3 extremely large (gigantic)4 relating to the period of European history between about the year 1000 AD and the year 1500 (medieval)5 relating to the people who live in a town or city or the duties and responsibilities they have as citizens(civic)6 clear glass of very good quality (crystal)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.The cathedral of Ntre Dame in Paris is one of the citys most beautiful Gothic monuments. The site ofthe cathedral is quite old, and in fact, some archaeologists believe that Ntre Dame was built on the siteof earlier churches and (1) medieval buildings. Maurice de Sully, Bishop of Paris, decided to (2) erectthe Ntre Dame cathedral because the citys population was growing. It was the first truly (3) giganticcathedral to be built in France, large enough to both meet the citys religious needs and to inspire (4) civicpride in the beauty of its monuments. The cathedral took nearly 200 years to build, and is therefore a blendof different architectural styles. The cathedrals two (5) lofty towers are 69 metres high, and visitors whoclimb to the top have a wonderful view out over the city of Paris. Ntre Dame is particularly famous forits elaborate windows made from colourful stained glass that shines like (6) crystal in the sunlight, and theintricate stone carvings that decorate the outside of the cathedral.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The architects promised to complete the tower spending no more than the allotted budget. (vowed)2 The critics assessment of the painting rose above popular opinion. (transcended)3 Thousands of visitors came to the opening of the new technology display. (exhibit)4 Germany and France were enemies during World War II, but today coexist peacefully. (opponents)5 A well-designed house combines both beauty and functionality and usefulness. (utility)6 I felt irritated and offended when our visitors criticized the buildings in our town. (indignant)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 If there is an outburst of activity, do people (a) get very angry about something they are doing, or(b) suddenly start doing something with a lot of feeling and energy?2 Is a celebration of brotherhood an appreciation of (a) family ties, or (b) humanity?3 If someone is ostensibly wealthy, are they (a) extremely, or (b) apparently but not necessarily wealthy?4 If an official extolled the benefits of a new law, would they (a) praise the law, or (b) say negative thingsabout it?5 If your teacher gives you a difficult homework assignment and then relents, does it mean they (a)change their mind and say you dont have to do it, or (b) strongly insist that you complete it?6 Is an effete group of people those who are (a) strong and wise, or (b) weak and lacking in character?7 Is an initiator someone who (a) begins, or (b) ends something?8 If something has been dismembered, has it been (a) taken apart, or (b) repaired and put back together?9 If you hoist a flag, do you (a) fold it up and put it away, or (b) raise it up in the air on a flagpole?10 If something is inconceivable, does that mean that it (a) cannot be completed, or (b) cannot beimagined?Active reading (2)2 Look at the title of the passage and check () the meanings of the architecture you think the passagewill discuss. function sorrow usefulness power pleasure beautyfear lovesatisfaction religionThe meaning of architectureReading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The main idea of the passage is that (d) .(a) most people disagree about the meaning of a particular building(b) the function of a building is more important than its form(c) architecture varies among countries because of different cultural influences(d) architecture has a number of meanings beyond the practical function2 The writer compares architecture to language to show that (c) .(a) it is difficult to interpret(b) its meaning changes over time(c) it can communicate in different ways(d) critics and common people have different ideas3 The main problem with the blocks of flats in Britain built in the 1960s and 1970s was that (b) .(a) they werent lofty enough to be practical(b) there werent enough community facilities and green spaces nearby(c) the architects werent interested in the inhabitants comfort(d) the style was visually unattractive4 The writer says that the Rockefeller Center (a) .(a) communicates both human and spiritual power(b) was so expensive to build that it is unique(c) serves as a spiritual gathering place for people today(d) shows how man no longer needs to rely on religion5 According to the writer, architecture gives us a vision of paradise on earth (a) or (d) .(a) through churches, mosques, and monasteries(b) through buildings that work together with the natural landscape(c) by providing shelter from the forces of nature(d) by imitating and mimicking the natural surroundings4 Match the buildings with the meanings they communicate.1 (e) 2 (h) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (g) 7 (d) 8 (f)Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to suggest that something is likely to exist or be true (imply)2 the fact of being a sensible or reasonable explanation or idea (logic)3 the opportunity or freedom needed to do or develop something (scope)4 to think very carefully about something for a long time (contemplate)5 the situation of being successful and having a lot of money (prosperity)6 comments that show you think something is wrong or bad (criticism)7 the way in which the different parts of something are arranged (layout)8 relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things, especially difficult orcomplicated ideas and subjects (intellectual)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.The Bauhaus movement was a style of architecture popular in Germany in the early 20th century.The Bauhaus school itself operated from 1919 to 1933, but its influence can still be seen today, as the(1) scope of its influence affected architecture, art, graphic design, and interior design. The movementemphasized a(n) (2) intellectual approach to design, emphasizing practicality and utility. It was felt thatform should not be separated from function. Architects used (3) logic instead of aesthetics to designthe most practical buildings they could. The most common (4) layout was square or rectangular, asthese shapes were considered the most efficient. Bauhaus members expressed strong (5) criticism ofearlier decorative, expressive architecture. Objects should be cheap and functional, and not restrictedby personal (6) prosperity. A major criticism of the Bauhaus school was that beauty is an important“function” of architecture and art, and that humans need to (7) contemplate attractive, decorative objectsand surroundings in order to be happy, and are not, as the Bauhaus founders (8) implied, satisfied only bypracticality.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 Designers of light, modern buildings view the heavy, ornate buildings of the past with contempt. (scorn)2 Tall apartment buildings are often placed in city centres. (located)3 Some people feel that modern society places great value on extreme speed and efficiency. (worships)4 It was difficult to tightly squeeze all of my belongings into the small suitcase. (compress)5 This apartment building is designed for middle- class workers with average, reasonable salaries.(moderate)6 Critics use both intellectual and artistic abilities when they judge architectural achievements. (faculties)7 We assume that buildings will need to take energy efficiency into account in the near future. (presume)8 One job of an engineer is to understand and translate the architects ideas. (interpret)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is idealistic, is it (a) practical, or (b) impractical?2 Does suspension refer to (a) being hung from above, or (b) being supported from below?3 If a painting does justice to someone, does it (a) reflect their looks accurately, or (b) make their looksworse than they really do?4 Is a breathtaking scenic view one that is (a) dangerous or frightening, or (b) very beautiful orimpressive?5 Is a sumptuous dinner one that is (a) small and modest, or (b) large and elegant?6 If something is described as having an extravagance of a particular quality, (a) is it too expensive, or (b)does it use an extreme or unreasonable amount of something?7 Is someones sentiment their (a) feelings or emotions, or (b) intellectual judgment?8 Does the study of ethics involve the judgment of (a) what is beautiful, or (b) what is right or wrong?9 If something is exquisite, is it (a) very beautiful, or (b) unusual or rare?10 Does a mortal refer to (a) an ordinary person, or (b) a god?Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Rewrite the sentence from the passage The Eiffel Tower in the diagram below.Bouguereau, the academic painter; Garnier, the architect of the Opra; Dumas, Jr., the novelist; Gounod,the composer; Leconte de Lisle, the poet; Prudhomme, the essayist; Guy de Maupassant, the novelist, allsigned a resounding letter of indignant protest to the Minister of Public Works in an attempt to stop “thehorror”.Bourgereau Garnier Dumas, Jr. Gounod Leconte Prudhomme Guy dede Lisle Maupassantthe the architect the the the poet the theacademic of the novelist composer essayist novelistpainter Opra2 Look at the sentences from the passage The Eiffel Tower and answer the questions.1 Sir Joseph Paxtons Crystal Palace not only served royally the Great Exhibition but, being demountable,was transferred afterwards to Sydenham, where it was used for sculpture, painting and architecturalexhibits, and for concerts until November 1936, when it burned, a lost symbol of happiness andbrotherhood.(a) What was transferred to Sydenham?The Crystal Palace.(b) Why was it possible for it to be transferred?It was demountable.(c) What was the Palace used for in Sydenham?It was used for sculpture, painting and architectural exhibits and concerts.(d) What burned?The Crystal Palace.2 Monsieur Eiffel extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top, its usesas a laboratory to experiment with wind and gravity, but the innerspring to its construction was todemonstrate that France, 100 years after the revolution, was a leader of the technical world, capable ofrealizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high, almost 1,000 feet.(a) What uses did Monsieur Eiffel praise the Tower for?He extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top and its uses as alaboratory to experiment with wind and gravity.all signed aresounding letterof indignantprotest to theMinister ofPublic Worksin an attempt tostop “the horror”.(b) What was his main motivation in constructing the Tower?To demonstrate that France was a leader of the technical world.(c) What did he say France was capable of doing?Realizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high.3 They went to look at the Tower as much as to look from it, to look inside, at its filigree of steel, as muchas to point out the other monuments of their city.(a) What reasons did people have for visiting the Tower?To look at and from the Tower.(b) What could they look at inside the Tower?Its steel framework.(c) How could they point to other monuments in Paris?By ascending it and getting a view of the city.collocations3 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the box. Sometimes more than one collocationis possible.1 Many people cannot make sense of architecture, in fact they find it abstract and confusing.2 To be an architect, you need to acquire many practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge.3 He said that his country will not remain indifferent to what is happening in the area and is deeplyconcerned over the security situation there.4 Despite the financial crisis, we remain confident that we can meet our long-term financial goals.5 We are well aware of the adverse / harmful / negative effects on peoples health of working in a noisyoffice.6 The architects had a few problems with the builders but a common sense approach helped solve them.7 They have the habit of setting aside some money each month towards buying a new flat.8 Aside from the Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport, what else has Norman Foster designed?Additional ActivityFill in the blanks using proper words from the collocation box.1 The rude man. He just aside my request.2 Where can we acquire further on these scholarships?3 You are right in a , but equally you are wrong.4 Some people find acquiring a foreign very difficult.5 What has he written? I cant any sense of it.6 These are not small changes they will surely have effects on the university.7 Shes a fine teacher she has certainly had a beneficial on some of the least cooperativestudents.8 Her expression remained . She either has no feelings or hides them very well.9 In no of the word can you say I enjoyed that film.10 that aside for a moment and help me with this.Key: 1 brushed 2 information 3 sense 4 language 5 make6 far-reaching 7 effect 8 unchanged 9 sense 10 Leave4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.But architecture as a process and a means has other meanings. So much of architecture has the bestintention of creating pleasure or a sense of satisfaction, even if it doesnt always succeed. It may be themoderate pleasure of combining form with function. The shanty towns in Rio or Mumbai demonstrate anorganic architecture which has no overall layout or prescribed plan, and no obvious logic, but its functionis to protect and shelter the inhabitants who would otherwise live in discomfort on the streets.Presumably, even the architects who designed the tower blocks of flats in the war-damaged cities of Britainin the 1960s and 1970s aspired to combine the economy of space to the maximum effect and for the benefitand pleasure of the people who were going to live there. There was nothing malign about their intentions,even though they were overoptimistic about the simplicity of imposing a new relationship between thespace and the occupiers. In the end, it wasnt the neo-brutalism of the style or the materials square formsmade of reinforced concrete, often located with little or no regard to the environment, and rising 20 or 30floors into the cloudy British skies which brought criticism and scorn on this modernist architecture. Itwas the absence of gardens, shops and a sense of community which challenged and finally defeated thisidealistic attempt to define a new way of living in cities.然而，作为一种方法和手段，建筑艺术还有其他的意义.就算不一定能做到，那么多的建筑艺术还是一心一意要给人创造愉悦或满足感.这种愉悦可能是形式和功能完美结合所带来的那种适度的愉悦.里约热内卢和孟买的棚屋镇向我们展示了一种有机建筑，它们没有总体布局，没有既定的规划，也没有什么明显的逻辑，但它们可以为居民遮风挡雨，为他们提供安身之所.如果没有这些棚屋，他们就得露宿街头，过着颠沛流离的生活.或许20世纪60、70年代那些为被战火摧残的英国城市设计公寓塔楼的建筑师们也想最大限度地节约空间，同时保障入住居民的利益和愉悦.他们的愿望没什么不好的，但是他们过于乐观，以为可以简单地在空间和居住者之间强行建立起一种新的关系.最终，让这种现代主义建筑备受批评和蔑视的并不是风格和材料上的新野性主义用强化混凝土浇铸的方形建筑，选址时几乎不顾及对环境的影响，二、三十层拔地而起，直插英国阴云密布的天空.这种建筑没有花园，没有商店，没有社区感，正是这一点使得那些建筑师重新定义都市生活的理想主义的尝试遭遇挑战，并最终彻底失败.5 Translate the paragraphs into English.新的国家博物馆建成之后，一些市民和建筑师对于在一群极其美