工业工程专业英语chapter1.ppt

工业工程专业英语,课程性质、目的和任务专业英语是工业工程专业的一门专业课，通过对本课程的学习，及一步巩固和提高英语水平，特别是提高阅读科技英语及专业英语资料的能力。其任务是培养学生阅读、写作科技英语等方面的能力，使其能以英语为工具顺利获取有关本专业所需的信息。教学基本要求了解专业英语的语法特点、专业英语的词汇特点及专业英语的各种文体中常用的符号、公式及其他。掌握工业工程专业的英语文献阅读和理解，能快速阅读科技文章，迅速获取信息和中心思想。理解专业英语翻译的基本方法。计划学时：26学时,工业工程专业英语,课时安排,工业工程专业英语,作业要求(共10次作业)要求每次作业独立完成，并在完成学习后3天内上交，要求以Word文档形式上交，文档命名格式为“作业1_10603101_小王”。作业格式按给定“作业模板”排版。最后一次结课作业应在课程学习结束前上交期末结课作业(毕业设计答辩前，要求有科技文献翻译一篇，这项工作可以说是一举两得，希望同学们认真完成，并注意保存)要求通过文献检索数据库，检索一篇工业工程相关英文科技文献，最好结合毕业设计题目，并翻译成中文。具体要求：上交一份检索文献过程的贴图；检索文献(英文)要求字数(不是字符数，A4版式小五字体大约4页)超过2000字；上交内容放在同一个word文档中，要求按“论文规范”排版，要有目录，分3个部分，包括：文献检索过程外文文献中文翻译,Chapter1IntroductiontoIndustrialEngineering,计划学时：4学时教学内容：3学时，精读，逐句翻译，掌握专业词汇Unit1IntroductiontoIE1学时，泛读，了解文章大意，掌握专业词汇，翻译重点语句Unit2HistoryofIEUnit3AcademicDisciplinesofIEUnit4DevelopmentofIE,教学要求：了解工业工程的角色，工业工程毕业生的需求，学习本书的目的，掌握工业工程的定义。了解工业工程设计的学科，工业工程的发展。了解美国工业工程专业在学科中的地位与中国的不同。本章共两次作业（作业1，作业2）,本章专业词汇,hypotenuse:斜边（hypothesis:假设）lag:落后，延迟impede：妨碍，阻止civilengineering：土木工程military：军事的fortification：防御工事mechanicalengineering：机械工程steamengine:蒸汽机culminate:达到顶点electricalengineering：电气工程magnetism：磁学staticelectricity:静电学carbon-filament:钨丝transmission:传送transportation:运输transformation：转换fuel：燃料dye：染料lubricant：润滑剂internalcombustionengine：内燃机artificialmaterial：人工材料assiduity：勤奋、刻苦interchangeability:互换性specialization:专业化standardization:标准化instituteofindustrialengineers：工业工程师学会(IIE)physicalscience：自然科学（naturalscience）productive：有生产价值的、多产的cost-effective：有成本效益的、划算的,industrialengineering:工业工程manufacturingindustry:制造业productionsystem：生产系统servicesystem:服务系统efficiency:效率effectiveness:效果curricula:课程(orcurriculum)harmonioussociety:和谐社会IEgraduates:工业工程毕业生（IEs）IEengineers:工业工程师（IEs）facility:设备、设施health-caredelivery:卫生保健服务discipline:学科methodology:方法literature:文献economicandknowledge-basedera:知识经济时代specialty:专业feedback：反馈handinhand:合作inclinedplane:斜面corkscrew:螺丝刀simplelever:单杠杆friction:摩擦molecular:分子的electricity:电、电学、电流、电气thermalprocess:热处理manipulate:处理，使用，操纵variable:变量Pythagoreantheorem:勾股定理,Unit1IntroductiontoIEOriginandDefinitionofIndustrialEngineering,ManufacturingServicesOriginofIEDefinitionofIE,1.Manufacturing,Manufacturingisdefinedasmakingofarticlesbyphysicallaborormachinery,especiallyonalargescale.byphysicallabor:apersonwithhandtoolsusedcraftskillstomakeobjects.bymachinery:ithasplayedanincreasingrole.onalargescale:withthemassproduction,2.Services,Health-caredeliverysystemsTransportationsystemsGovernmentsBanksDepartmentsandsupermarkets,CharacteristicsofServices,ProductsareintangibleCloselycontactwithcustomersHighintensive-laborDifficulttoevaluateperformanceDifficulttocontrolqualityofservices,3.OriginalofIndustrialEngineering,EngineeringScienceIndustry,A.Engineering,Engineeringisconcernedwiththeapplicationofscientificknowledgetothesolutionofproblemsandtothequestfora“betterlife.”e.g.:theEgyptPyramids,theGreatWall,theRomanconstructionCivilChemicalElectricalIndustrialMechanicalMilitaryManufacturingNuclearElectronicComputerAeronauticalAstronauticalBioengineeringAgricultural/Ocean,B.Science,Scienceisconcernedwiththequestforbasicknowledge.e.g.:MathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologySocialscience(Behaviorscience,psychology,philosophy,sociology),EngineeringandScience,Engineeringandsciencehavedevelopedinaparallel,complementaryfashion,althoughnotalwaysatthesamepace.Obviously,knowledgecannotbeapplieduntilitisdiscovered,andoncediscovered,itwillsoonbeputtouse.Initseffortstosolveproblems,engineeringprovidesfeedbacktoscienceinareaswherenewknowledgeisneeded.Thus,scienceandengineeringworkhandinhand.,Moderneraofengineering,Beginningin1750,EngineeringschoolsappearedinFranceintheeighteenthcentury.Thetermcivilengineerwasfirstusedin1750militaryengineeringcivilengineeringmechanicalengineering:steamengineelectricalscience:electricityandmagnetism,4.DefinitionofIndustrialEngineering,Industrialengineeringisconcernedwiththedesign,improvement,andinstallationofintegratedsystemsofpeople,materials,information,equipment,andenergy.Itdrawsuponspecializedknowledgeandskillinthemechanical,physical,andsocialsciencestogetherwiththeprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisanddesigntospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystems,UnderstandingthedefinitionofIE(1),Industrial:anyorganizationintegratedsystems:afactory,acityspecializedknowledge:mechanical,physical,andsocialsciences,theprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisObjectives:tospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystems,UnderstandingthedefinitionofIE(2),Disciplinecharacter:Engineeringtech.Researchobject:systems(macro/micro)Theorythedesignandconstructionofnewmachines,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,FrederickWinslowTaylor(泰勒，1856-1915)Americaninventor,engineer,andefficiencyexpertnotedforhisinnovationsinindustrialengineeringandmanagement.Analyzeandimprovethemethodofperformingwork,reducethetimesrequired,andsetstandards(timestudy)ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911),FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,FrankB.Gilbreth(吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924)theidentification,analysis,andmeasurementoffundamentalmotionsinvolvedinperformingwork(motionstudy)Thiswasafundamentalstepinthedevelopmentofindustrialengineeringasprofessionbasedon“science”ratherthan“art.”,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,Dr.LillianGilbreth(1878-1972),wifeofFrank.Shewitnessedandcontributedtothebirth,growth,andmaturationoftheIEprofession.thefirstladyofengineeringthefirstwomantobeelectedtotheNationalAcademyofEngineering,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,HenryLaurenceGantt(1861-1919)AmericanengineerGanttchartTheGanttchartwasasignificantcontributioninthatitprovidedasystematicgraphicalprocedureforpreplanningandschedulingworkactivities,reviewingprogress,andupdatingtheschedule.Ganttchartsarestillinwidespreadusetoday.,W.A.ShewhartDevelopedthefundamentalprinciplesofstatisticalqualitycontrolin1924.Thiswasanotherimportantdevelopmentinprovidingascientificbasetoindustrialengineeringpractice.,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,Manyotherindustrialengineeringpioneerscontributedtotheearlydevelopmentoftheprofession.Duringthe1920sand1930smuchfundamentalworkwasdoneoneconomicaspectsofmanagerialdecisions,inventoryproblems,incentiveplans,factorylayoutproblems,materialhandlingproblems,andprinciplesoforganization.,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,Scientificmanagement,PeterDruckersystematicworkstudy,ChronologyofIE,CharacteristicsandFunctionsofIndustrialEngineering,FeaturesofacademicdisciplineIndustrialengineeringasaprofessionProfessionalethicsIEfunctions,Featuresofacademicdiscipline,(1)Engineering(2)Cross-disciplines(3)Manufacturingandservicesoriented,Industrialengineeringasaprofession,(1)Associatedwithaprofessionisasignificantbodyofspecialknowledge.(2)Preparationforaprofessionincludesaninternship-liketrainingperiodfollowingtheformaleducation.(3)Thestandardsofaprofession,includingacodeofethics,aremaintainedatahighlevelthroughaself-policingsystemofcontrolsoverthosepracticingtheprofession.(4)Eachmemberofaprofessionrecognizeshisresponsibilitiestosocietyoverandaboveresponsibilitiestohisclientortoothermembersoftheprofession.,EngineersTask,Engineersarefrequentlyinvolvedindecisionsthathaveaprofoundeffectonsociety.Thedesignofparticulardevicesalmostalwaysinvolvesthesafetyoftheuser.Thedesignoftheprocessesfrequentlyaffectstheenvironment.Thedesignandlocationofafactoryaffectthecommunityanditscitizens.Thedesignofamanagementsystemgreatlyaffectstheindividualsworkingfortheorganizationtheircomfort,theirsenseofworth,theirfinancialstatus,andsoon.,IEfunctions,ProductionoperationsManagementsystemsCorporateServices,Unit3AcademicDisciplinesofIndustrialEngineering,BigfivedisciplinesManagementOperationsResearchSystemsEngineeringStatisticsErgonomicsManufacturingEngineering,Bigfivedisciplines,Bigfive:civil,chemical,electrical,industrial,andmechanicalengineeringOthers:nuclearengineering,electronicengineering,aeronauticalengineering,computerengineering,astronauticalengineering,environmentalengineering,bioengineering,agriculturalengineeringandoceanengineering,Management,Productionmanagement-conceptsandtechniquesspecifictotheanalysisandmanagementofproductionactivity;howtoanalyzeanddesignproductivesystemsandthecontrolproceduresforefficientlyoperatingsuchsystemsThetrainingofaracecardriverisanalogoustomanagementeducation:thedesignofthecarisanalogoustoindustrialengineeringeducation.,Management,PlanningOrganizingCoordinatingControllingencouragingCommunicating,Operationsresearch,DefinitionofO.R.SimilaritytoIENatureofO.R.CategorizationofO.R.,Operationsresearch,DefinitionofO.R.Theattackofmodernscienceoncomplexproblemsarisinginthedirectionandmanagementoflargesystemsofmen,machines,materials,andmoneyinindustry,business,government,anddefense.Thedistinctiveapproachistodevelopascientificmodelofthesystem,incorporatingmeasurementoffactorssuchaschanceandrisk,withwhichtopredictandcomparetheoutcomesofalterativedecisions,strategies,orcontrols.Thepurposeistohelpmanagementdetermineitspoliciesandactionsscientifically.,Operationsresearch,SimilaritytoIEIEandO.R.havecommonalities.O.R.andIEindeeddohavemanyofthesameobjectivesandworkonmanyofthesameproblems.TheprimarydifferenceisthatO.R.hasahigherleveloftheoreticalandmathematicalorientation,providingamajorportionofthesciencebaseofIE.,Operationsresearch,Operationsresearch,NatureofO.R.Mathematicalinvolvemente.g.:economicorderquantity（经济订货量）Plantlocation（工厂选址）JobevaluationQualitycontrolTransportationprogrammingproblems,Operationsresearch,CategorizationofO.R.DeterministicApproachAnytimerandomvariationisnotallowedProbabilisticApproachAnytimerandomvariationisallowed,SystemsEngineering,DefinitionofasystemClassificationsofsystemsSystemsofIE,SystemsEngineering,DefinitionofasystemAsystemmaybedefinedasasetofcomponentswhicharerelatedbysomeformofinteraction,andwhichacttogethertoachievesomeobjectiveorpurpose.,SystemsEngineering,ClassificationsofsystemsNaturalvs.Man-MadeSystemsStaticvs.DynamicSystemsPhysicalvs.AbstractSystemsOpenvs.ClosedSystems,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIEIndustrialengineersdesignsystemsattwolevels.Thefirstleveliscalledhumanactivitysystemsandisconcernedwiththephysicalworkplaceatwhichhumanactivityoccurs.Thesecondleveliscalledmanagementcontrolsystemsandisconcernedwithproceduresforplanning,measuring,andcontrollingallactivitieswithintheorganization.,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIEcyberneticsNorbertWiener(1894-1964),Americanmathematicianwhofoundedthefieldofcybernetics.controlandCommunicationintheAnimalandtheMachineClaudeShannon(香农),InformationtheoryTheMathematicalTheoryofCommunication,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIENegativefeedbacke.g.:Themostcommonlyusedexampleofnegativefeedbackisthethermostat.Whenthetemperaturedropssufficientlybelowsomedesiredvalue,thethermostatinitiatestheheatingportionofthecycle,andtheheatisaddeduntilatemperatureisreachedthatisgreaterthanthedesiredtemperature.Heatingisthenstoppedtopermitcoolingtonegatetheoverheating.Negativefeedbackmeansthatsomeactionistakentoopposeornegateanunacceptabledifference.,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIENegativefeedbacke.g.:aconceptualmodelofnegativefeedbackinmanagementsystems,Statistics,Statisticshasbeenandwillcontinuetobedistinctfromindustrialengineering.However,theapproachofindustrialengineeringhaschangedsignificantly;theworldaroundusisviewedasprobabilisticinnatureratherthandeterministic.Bydeterministicitismeantthatallactionsunderconsiderationinaparticularstudysituationareassumedtobecertain.Probabilisticimpliesthatatleastoneaspectofthestudysituationhasaprobabilityofoccurrenceassociatedwithitthatmustbeconsidered.,Ergonomics,Ergonomicspreviouslycalledhumanfactors,isAsubdisciplineofindustrialengineering,closelyassociatedwithbothindustrialandexperimentpsychology.Human-machinesystemdesign:PhysiologicalaspectsofhumanperformancePsychologicalaspectsofhumanactivitiesHumaninterfacewiththeworldofwork,ManufacturingEngineering,ManufacturingEngineeringmaybedefinedasdesigningtheproductionprocessforaproduct.Industrialengineeringandmanufacturingengineeringaredistinctandtypicalcomplementaryfunctionsinamanufacturingorganization.Mostfirmsneedbothfunctionsrepresentedintheirorganizationstobetrulyeffective.Ifonetriestosubstituteonefunctionfortheother,thefunctionomittedtypicallyrepresentsaweaknessinthatmanufacturingorganizationthatwilllikelylimittheoverallcapacityofthetechnicaleffortinthatorganization.,ManufacturingEngineering,Atypicalmanufacturingengineeringdepartmentiscomposedofnumeroustechnicalprofessionals(mechanicalengineers,thermodynamicists,materialengineers,computerscientists,etc.).Eachprofessionalrepresentssomepartofthetechnicalprocessesinuseatthatmanufacturingplant.,ManufacturingEngineering,Themachinetoanindustrialengineerisablackboxthathasaproductionrate,yieldrate,requiredoperatorskills,processcapabilities,andotherproductionsystemattributes.Theindustrialengineerisconcernedwithdevelopingaproductionsystemthatproducestherequiredquantityofproductsatanappropriatecostandquality.,ManufacturingEngineering,Theindustrialengineeringresponsibilityinvolvestheintegrationofworkers,machines,materials,information,capital,andmanagerialknow-howintoaproducingsystemthatwillproducetherightproduct,attherightcost,attherighttime.Manufacturingengineeringtechnicaltalentisoneoftheunderlyingtechnicalplant-supportingresourcesthatguaranteesuccessofthatproductionsystem.,ManufacturingEngineering,Insummary,itisnecessarytoknowthetechnicaldetailsofeachoftheprocesses(i.e.,manufacturingengineering)andthenintegratealltheelementsofaproducingsystem(workers,materials,equipment,information,etc.)sothataqualityproductismadeattherighttimeandcost(i.e.,industrialengineering).-IndustrialEngineeringTasks,Unit4DevelopmentofIndustrialEngineering,ChallengesofthefutureDevelopmentofindustrialengineeringEducationofindustrialengineering,Challengesofthefuture,learntoaccomplishtheengineersmissioninrecognitionoftheseconstraints(e.g.resourceslimited)designsystemsandprocessesthatarecompatiblewithournaturalenvironmentdesigningproductsthataresafeandreliableIncreaseproductivityImproveproductquality,Developmentofindustrialengineering,FoundationofindustrialengineeringWorkstudy(time/motionstudy)ErgonomicsProductionmanagementandmaterial-flowEngineeringModernindustrialengineeringModernmanufacturingengineeringComputerandcommunicationtechnologiesSystemsengineering,EnrollmentinTheU.S.Universities,Source:Science&EngineeringIndicators,2002,Summary,Basicconcepts:engineering,science,industrialengineering,manufacturing,manufacturingengineering,O.R.,systemengineeringOriginalandFormulationofI