高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解考点4词义猜测题课件.pptx

第一编,专题一阅读理解,考点4词义猜测题,真题体验,Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits，frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick，coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose，selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks，dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.,Ifyouhaveajuicer，youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert，tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty；theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们它们富含的营养和可以制成的美食。,Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries？_ATheycontainprotein.BTheyarehighinvitaminACTheyhaveapleasanttaste.DTheyarerichinantioxidants.解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Asforcherries，theyaresodeliciouswhocares？至于樱桃，它们味道甜美，(至于其他方面)谁会在乎呢？”可知，C项陈述与之吻合。,C,Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas？_ATomakethemsmellbetter.BTokeeptheircolour.CTospeeduptheirripening.DToimprovetheirnutrition.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的freshlemonjuice可以定位到第三段最后部分。由“Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.”可知，往香蕉上挤一些新鲜的柠檬汁能保护香蕉在冷冻的时候不变色，故选B项。,B,Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph？_AAdessert.BAdrink.CAcontainer.DAmachine.解析：词义猜测题。最后一段中画线词处的语境提到“喂食”(feedin)，“吐出”(outcomes)，“放进机器的顶部”(intothetopofthemachine)，从这些信息词判断画线词指的是一种机器，因此选D。,D,Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？_AAbiologytextbook.BAhealthmagazine.CAresearchpaper.DAtravelbrochure.解析：推理判断题。本题考查文章的出处。从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月带来的果实，说这些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。因此本文应该摘选自健康类的杂志。故选B项。,B,Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds，plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakersarguments：manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags，whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.,Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplasticbaguseitcancelsout.However，longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdontdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.,文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主题是“人与自然”，人与自然如何和谐相处？一个小小塑料购物袋的使用就体现了人与自然的相处之道。塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”，在美国加利福尼亚州约有90个城市禁止使用塑料购物袋；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可以重复利用的购物袋，虽然这种购物袋的制作和运输成本高；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。,WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo？_AHelpincreasegrocerysales.BRecyclethewastematerial.CStopthingsfallingofftrucks.DArguefortheuseofplasticbags.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“.arehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。,D,Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto？_ABansonplasticbags.BEffectsofcitydevelopment.CHeadachescausedbygarbage.DPlasticbagshungintrees.解析：词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种逆风，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”。联系上一句“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin.”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。,A,Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers？_ATheyarequiteexpensive.BReplacingthemcanbedifficult.CTheyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.DProducingthemrequiresmoreenergy.解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到文章第四段倒数第二句“.longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”，这种长期可重复使用的购物袋的制作需要更多的能源，故选D项。,D,Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？_APlastic，PaperorNeitherBIndustry，PollutionandEnvironmentCRecycleorThrowAwayDGarbageCollectionandWasteControl解析：主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。,A,词句猜测题主要考查根据阅读材料提供的信息，结合所应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词、词组的合义和熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及某一句子的意思。做题时需要注意：,名师点津,1明晰三类常见设问方式：(1)词意义：Theunderlinedword/bablymeans/canbereplacedby_.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedworld/phrase.？(2)指代类：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/that/it/they.”referto？Theunderlinedpart“this/that/it/they.”refersto_.(3)句意类：Theunderlinedsentenceinthe.paragraphprobablymeans_.WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph.？,2判断三种正确选项特征：(1)合义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。(2)上下文逻辑通顺。(3)与原句意思最接近。3识别三类干扰选项特点：(1)与所考词汇形似。(2)如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。(3)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。,技法例析,1语境分析猜词义文章中的任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都与其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此，应该利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，thatis(tosay)，inotherwords，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。,(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀，合成及词性转换猜测词义。,(2016全国，C片段)IamPeterHodes，avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012，Ivedone89tripsofthose，51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthatshowlongtheylast.Inall，fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient，wevegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1？AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor,典例1,解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位到原文信息句，并标出关键词_第三步比对选项得出答案_,theunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1Ivedone89tripsIhave42hourssocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox.,B,(2017全国，D片段)Abuildityourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheUS.DepartmentofAgriculture，itsanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceitsallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired，though，area55sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainerperhapsjustadrinkingcuptocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.,典例2,Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatchersproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto？AThetube.BThestill.CThehole.DThecup.,解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位到原文信息词_第三步对比选项得出答案_,theunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2Toconstructaworkingstill,B,(2016全国，C片段)Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyoullneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soitsapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean？AApracticalidea.BAvainhope.CAbrilliantplan.DAselfishdesire.,典例3,解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位到原文信息词_第三步对比选项得出答案_,theunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyoullneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，so.,B,(2018全国，C片段)Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.,典例4,Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2？AComplex.BAdvanced.CPowerful.DModern.,解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位到原文信息词_第三步比对选项得出答案_,bestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2Inrecentcenturies.allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.,C,2就近原则判指代代词指代判断三法此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或助动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this.)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。,(2017全国，C片段)Despitethecelebrations，though，intheUS.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder，andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.ItsJasonMoransjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCentersartisticadviserforjazz，Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz，makethemusicmoreaccessible，andpreserveitshistoryandculture.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto？AJazzbecomingmoreaccessible.BTheproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.CJazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.DThejazzaudiencebecominglarger.,典例,解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的词语_第三步综合判断得出答案_,theunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3thejazzaudienceconti