不定冠词(a--an)和定冠词(the)的区别.doc

一、课前练习1）写出下列表语形容词的汉语意思afraid（ ） alike（ ） alive（ ） alone（ ）asleep（ ） awake（ ）ill（ ）2）填空 1. She is _ of dog. (担心的) 2. I am _ early in the morning. (醒着的) 3. My mother fell _ (生病的) and she _(看起来) tired. 4. He is _（孤单的）, because his father and mother went abroad(出国).5. This fish is still _(活着的).7. Mum is _(睡着的), when I get home.8. These two coats are _ (一样的) to me, I dont like them at all.3) 英译汉1. It is difficult to understand this question.2. It is dangerous to play with a snake.3. It is wonderful to go shopping with my mother.4. It is pleasant to have a walk in the evening.5. It is impossible to meet him at this time tomorrow.二、不定冠词详解1）概念：冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词（在现代英语中冠词被称为限制定词）。传统语法通常将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词有a和an两种形式，其中a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。2）不定冠词的基本用法（1）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant, a university(虽然u 是元音字母，但不读元音), an hour 一个小时 (虽然h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)（2）用来表示“”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：A teacher is looking for you.We work five days a week.（3）不定冠词含有“”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，例如： An orange is good for you. 桔子对你有好处。 How much is it ? 多少钱？ Two yuan a kilo. 二元一公斤。（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：Bill is a student.He is a doctor.（5）用在某些固定词组中。例如：a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little (6) 练一练：1. There is _ “h” in the word“honest”.A. a B. the C. / D. an2.What _ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A. an B./ C. a D. the3Father often says to me, “Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man tomorrow. ”A. a; a B. an; an C. a; anD. an; a4.Qingdao is _ most beautiful city in summer.A. the B. / C. a D. one5.So you are running _ restaurant?Yes，but I dont want to make it _ restaurant only for rich people.A. the; /B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a6.Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I think I saw it some where.A. a; the B.the; the C. a; aD. the; a7. Oh，John. What _ you gave us!A. a pleasant surprise B. pleasant surpriseC. an pleasant surprise D. the pleasant surprise8. John is _ university student.A. / B. any C. a D. an9.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel，please.Well，you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; a B. an; someC. some; some D. an; a10.If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one.OK, but do you have _ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A. a big B. a biggerC. the bigD. the bigger三、定冠词详解1) 概念：the用来表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the. 具体用法如下：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 例如：The book on the desk is mine. 桌上的书是我的。Show me the photo of the boy, please. 请把这个男孩的照片递给我。（2）指双方都知道的人或事物。 例如：Open the door, please. 请开门。Did you see the boy? 你看见那个男孩了吗？Whats the new teachers name? 新老师的名字叫什么？（3）指上文提到的人或事物。例如：He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.他住在农场，这农场不大。There are some dogs. The dogs are very lovely.这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。（4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如：Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧！一轮红日正在升起。（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。（6）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如：They will visit the Great Wall next week.他们下个星期将会参观长城。They came to the United States of America last year.他们去年就来美国了。（7）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如：The old are sick. 老人病了。（8）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如：The Smiths have moved to London.史密斯一家搬去伦敦了。（9）用在某些习惯用语中。例如： in the morning 在早上 on the left 左边the day before yesterday前天 all the same 仍然2）练一练1. _ doctor told him to take_ medicine three times _ day 2.There is _ woman over there _ woman is Merimees mother 3. _ sun rises in_ east 4. _ Changjiang River is_ longest river in _ China5.Its too hotOpen_ door，please 6.Washington is _ capital of _ USA 四、总结与作业1.单项选择。1) He often has _ egg and some milk for breakfast.A. / B. a C. the D. an2)-Whats the trouble with Lingling?-She doesnt go to_ school and stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 3)-Do you have _ dictionary? -No, but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4) _ earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. / 5) There is _ “L” in the word “LUCK”.A. a B. the C. an D. / 6) I hope you have _ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7) _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. / 8) There is _ orange and some pineapples in the basket.A. the B. / C. a D. an 9) Lisa has _ hat. _ hat is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; / 10)Im watching_ movie. It is about_ interesting love story.A. a;