介词的考点归纳.docx

介词的考点归纳：（重点记忆一些方位介词、时间介词、方式介词及一些介词短语）介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。一、介词的种类和介词短语的用法1介词的种类介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。简单介词知识一个单词，如：in，on，after等。短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成，如：outof，infrontof，becauseof，insteadof等。2介词短语的用法作定语介词短语作定语时，一律后置。Thebookonthedeskinmine.桌子上的书是我的。Heboughtahouseoffiverooms.他买了一所有五个房间的房子。Agentlemaninwhitecameintothehall.一个身穿白衣的绅士走进了大厅。作状语介词短语作状语时，修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。Classesbeginateight.（修饰动词）八点钟开始上课。Janelooksyoungforherage.（修饰形容词）珍妮看起来比她的实际年龄年轻。Theschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.（修饰形容词）学校离我家不远。Tomysurprise,LiMingpassedtheexamatall.（修饰全句）使我吃惊的是，李明居然考试及格了。作表语Heisindanger.他处于危险之中。Weareagainst/foryou.我们反对/支持你。Itwasbecauseoftheheavyrain,wecouldntgoout.因为这场大雨，我们出不去了。作宾语补足语Makeyourselfathome.放松一些，就和在你自己家一样。Wemadehimoutofdanger.我们使他脱离了危险。二表示时间的介词表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on表示时间的前后用in，before，after表示期限等用by，until，till表示期间等用for，during，through表示时间的起点等用from，since表示时间的经过等用in，within1at、in、on用在时间上的区别：A. at + 钟点/时间点/时间某一时刻 (at 9:00, atlunch, atbreakfast, atnoon, at night, atthattime,atthemoment)B. in + 某年/某月/某年某月/某个季节/某个世纪/泛指的早上/下午/晚上inthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthe21stcenturyinSeptember ;inMayin1995intheholidayinsummerC. on + 日期/星期/具体的某一天/ 具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上onMondayonTuesdaymorningonMay4thonacoldnighton a sunny morningonthenightofJuly（the）first在七月一日的夜晚注意：表示时间的名词前有this，last，next，every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。thismorning今天早上；lastMonday上周一；everyweek每周巩固练习：选择用at、in、on填空：1_ 10:40 2_ 2005 3_ June 3, 20144_ the afternoon 5_May, 2012 6_ winter7_ Friday 8_ the 21st century 9_ a hot summer night 10. _Saturday morning2in、after、before用在时间上的区别：A. in 在后in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。Hewillbebackintwomonths.B. after在后After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。Hewillarriveafterfouroclock.Hereturnedafteramonth.ShewenttoNanjinglastMay，andshecamebackafteramonth.C. before 在前Washyourhandsbeforedinner. 巩固练习：选择用in、after填空：1Her father came back from France _ two years.2My parents went to Shanghai yesterday and they will return to Guangzhou _ three days.3. by，until/till区别A. by在前（时间）；截止（到）.HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ShehadleftbythetimeIarrived.我到时（之前）她已经走了。例：bytheendof在底（之前）bythen到那时bythetime+从句在之前B. until/till直到为止（时间）Hedidntgotosleepuntil/till12lastnight.WedidntbegintowatchTVuntil/tillnineoclock.4.for，during，through区别A.for达之久（表示经过了多少时间）可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。Hehaslivedherefor20years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。Wewillstayinthecityfortwodays.我们要在这座城市呆两天。B.during在期间(后决不能跟表数字的名词)theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthesummerholidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。C.through一直（从开始到结束）Theyplayedthecardsthroughthenight.他们打了一整夜的牌。HestayedinLondonthroughthewinter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。5. from，since区别A.from从起（时间）表示“从开始”时，一般都是用词组fromto， Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。B.since自从以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）用于现在完成时 后跟时间点Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday. Tom has played the piano since January.6. in，withinA.in过后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。inanhour一小时之后inaweekorso大约一星期之后hewillbebackinfivehours.他五小时之后回来。Theysaidtheywouldarrivehereinaweek.他们说他们一周后到达。B.within不超过的范围强调“在时间之内”，没有时态的限制within3hours3小时之内；withinaweek一周之内Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.三表示方位介词表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，over，below, near，between，around表示方向的介词：into，outof，along，across，through，up，past1. at,in,onat一般指小地方atschool；athome；standatthedoor；atafactory；atthebusstop；atthestation in一般指大地方或某个范围之内 inBeijing；intheworld；inChina；inthestreet；inbed；intheyardon往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。onthedesk；onthemap；onthescreen；ontheriver；onthefarm；onthefloor 巩固练习Hearrived_Shanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedata_villagebeforedark.Thereisabighole_thewall.Theteacherputupapicture_thewall.2on、above、over、below、under这些方位介词的区别：on 在上面（与表面接触）Therearetwomapsonthewall.above在上面，表示在表面不接触的上方，不一定是正上方。Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds. over 在上面，表示表面不接触的上方，指垂直在上的正上方。ThereisalightoverLiMing.below在下面，指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，其反义词是above。Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。Thedogisunderthetable.巩固练习：选择用on、above、over、below、under填空：1They will build a new bridge _ the river near our school.2Be careful! A snake is lying _ the ground!3Villages, rivers, lakes are becoming smaller and smaller _ the plane.4After he got up, he didnt find his shoes _ the bed.5Today is a nice day. You can see blue sky and white clouds _ our heads.3. along, cross, across, through, over, past, pass 的用法区别：along 介词。意思是“沿着”Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.cross 动词。意为“越过、渡过、横穿、横渡”(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert)across 介词。表示从一边到另一边，在事物的表面“横过”、“越过”(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert)through 介词。表示从内部空间“穿过”、“通过”(city, park, forest, window, door)over 介词。意思是“越过”。从物体的一边到另一边The dog jumps over the fence.We climb over the mountain at last.pass 动词 “经过” （门外经过）I pass the parkpast 介词“经过”（门外经过）Everydayherunspastthecityhall.I walk past the park.巩固练习：选择cross、across 或through填空：1The girl helped the old man walk _ the road.2The children walked _ the door one by one into the cinema. 3The car ran _ the bridge and turned right into a park.4A beautiful river runs _ our home town. 5He could swim _ the river when he was young. 6When the sunshine went _ the window into his bedroom, he finished writing his book in the end.7Dont _ the busy street when the traffic light is red.8She asked her little son not to _ the river because it was raining hard.9. Thedogran _thegrass.10. Theboyswam_ theriver.11. Theywalked_ theforest.12. Ipushed_ thecrowds. 4. infrontof,inthefrontof区别infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.巩固练习1. Peter is _me.2. There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.3. There is a lake in front of our classroom.4. The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom .5between , among, around的区别：A.between在两者之间WhatsthedifferencebetweenAandB？MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike. B.among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上，在 一群、一组或一个整体中间。Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.Heisverypopularamongthestudents.C.around环绕，在周围，在四周Wesataroundthetable.巩固练习：选择between, among, around填空：1Miss Li always stands _ the students and teaches them how to learn English.2We watched a football match _ Japan and China yesterday.3She is a girl with few words _ her classmates.4I saw him standing _ the people and sang songs for them.5The man has to fly _ Guangzhou and Shanghai. 6There is a low wall _ the two rooms. 7. Theearthmoves_thesun. 8. There are many trees _the house.四、其他介词1表示手段和材料的介词with，in，byAin + 语言/墨水/颜色/声调用in时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。Shewrotealetterinblackink.Dontwriteitinpencilbutinink.CanyouspeakinEnglish？B. with + 工具 用（工具）用“with”时，后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。LiLicutherhandwithaknife. HewrotetheletterwithhisnewpenCby + 方式 用方式 交通工具 by car by bus一些固定的用法，如：in a way 在某种程度上in a + adj. + way 以方式 in this / that way 用这种/那种方式in the way 挡路by the way 顺便问问 巩固练习：选择介词in、by、with填空：1Dont talk to the old man _ this way.2He likes drawing pictures_ a pencil.3_ the way, could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?4We can improve our English _ listening to some English radio programmes.5He told her she could work out the problem _ a clever way6She was asked to sing a song _ English.2except/ except for/ besides的区别A. except “除了之外”（同一类别比较，但排除在外，后跟短语、从句）B. except for “除了之外”（不同类别比较，排除在外）C. besides “除了之外还有”（包括在内，起强调作用, 用法近似as well as）巩固练习：用介词except/ except for/ besides填空：1I want to buy some food, some drinks _ some small presents for the coming Childrens Day.2Everyone is here _ a boy called Jim.3All of our students _ Peter can work out this problem though Peter is weak in math. 4There is nothing in the box _ a letter.5His article is very good _ a few spelling mistakes.五、介词短语介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：1. 动词+介词lookup查看，查（字典）；lookat注视；lookfor寻找playwithsth.玩某物（玩耍）；thinkof想起，想到；hearfromsb.收到某人的信；talkaboutsth.谈论某事；talkto/withsb.和某人谈论；listento倾听callonsb.拜访某人；arriveat/in到达；takecareof照顾；waitfor等待；agreewith同意(某人)arriveat(in)到达； askfor询问；beginwith从开始；believein相信；breakinto闯入；breakoff打断；breakout爆发； break up关系破裂；bringdown降低； bringin引进；bringup教育，培养buildup建立；callback回电话；callfor要求约请；callin召来；callon拜访访问；carefor喜欢；carryon继续开展；carryout实行开展；checkout查明结帐；clearup整理，收拾；comeabout发生，产生comeacross(偶然)遇见；comeout出来；cometo共计达到；comparewith与比较；compareto比作；cutoff切断；dependon依靠；dreamof梦想；falloff下降；fallover跌倒；getthrough通过；givein让步，屈服；giveout分发；giveup放弃；goabroad出国；gothrough浏览growup生长；hearabout听说；leadto导致liveon靠为生；lookdownupon看不起；lookforwardto盼望；lookout当心；look(a)round仔细查看；setup建立；showoff炫耀；shutup住口；speedup加速；stickto坚持；thinkof考虑，想起；tryout试验；turndown调低；turnoff关掉；worryabout担心2.Be动词+形容词+介词bekindto对（某人）亲切；begoodat在做得好；擅长于；belatefor迟到；beafraidof害怕；besorryforsth.为抱歉；beabsentfrom缺席；beproudof以为自豪；befoundof喜欢；befullof充满beinterestedin对有兴趣；beconfidentin对有信心；beshortof缺乏；betiredof厌恶；beproudof对感到骄傲beworriedabout为担心beawareof意识到；bebusywith忙于(某事)；bedifferentfrom和不同befamousfor因而出名3.介词+名词1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语：at:atastretch一连，连续地；atatime一次，每次；atease稍息，安心；atfirst最初，开始时；atheart在内心；athome在家，随便；atlast最后atleast至少；atlength最后,详细地；atmost至多；atonce立即，同时atpeace(war)处于和平(战争)状态；atplay(work)在玩耍(工作)atpresent现在，目前；attheriskof冒的风险；atthesametime(与此)同时atthestart一开头；atthetime此刻，这时；byaccident偶然；byair航空；byallmeans想一切办法；bybus(plane,etc)坐巴士(飞机等)bychance偶然；bycheque用支票；bymistake错误地，误把bysurprise突然，出其不意；bytheway顺便说一inasense从某种意义上说；inadvance事前；inall总共incase要是，如果；indanger处于危险中indebt负债；indemand有需求indetail详细地；infact实际上；ingeneral一般说来；inonesopinion在(某人)看来inpart(s)部分地；inperson亲自；inpublic(private)公开(私下)地inregardto关于；intheend最后；inthemiddleof在中间；intime及时地，经过一段时onfire着火；onfoot步行； onholiday在休假；onpurpose故意地；onsale在出售；onthecontrary相反；ontheway在路上；ontime准时onthetopof在上面；outofdanger脱离危险；outofdoors在户外；outoffashion不时新outofreach无法得到(拿到)； outofwork失业练习题( ) 1-When did your uncle arrive _ China?-He got to Guangzhou _ the morning of the 16th of April.Aat; inBin; inCto; onDin; on( ) 2It is believed that _ December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.AonBinCatDby( ) 3You can improve your English _ practising more.AbyBwith CofDin( ) 4This is a difficult problem, but _ the same time it is very interesting.AinBat ConDfor ( ) 5I couldnt do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot! Awith Bwithout Cfor Dto巩固练习：( ) 1- When did you arrive _Guangzhou?- I got here _ the rainy night of the 10th of March.Aat; in Bin; in Cto; on Din; on( ) 2He often gets up late and goes to school _breakfast. Its bad for his health.Awith Bwithout Chave Dhavent( ) 3After he went _the forest, he got _ a beautiful village.Apast; to Bacross; to Cthrough; to Dcross; at( ) 4- How soon will your mother come back?- She said she would return _ two hours.Aafter Bin Cduring Dfor( ) 5- Listen! Someone is knocking _ the door. Who is it?- Maybe its my friend Mary.Aat Bin Cby Dfor( ) 6- Did the children have a good time _the summer holidays?- Of course! And they returned _ the end of last month.Aon; onBat; at Cduring; by Dduring; at( ) 7- Tomorrow there will be a football match _ our school and No.6 Middle School.- Yes, we are all very excited because it is the last match _ the twenty school teams.Abetween; among Bamong; between Cboth; between Damong; of( ) 8_ the age of 20, his father bought a new car _ him.AAt; to BAt; for CBy; to DIn; for( ) 9.Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on( )10.Thereisnothing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up( )11.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn_March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since( )12.Hesuddenlyreturned_arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during( )13.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of( )14.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still( )15.Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on( )16.Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast_fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast( )17.Wereturnedtoourhometown_.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek( )18.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear( )19.Childrenwakeupveryearly_themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at( )20._acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For13.( )21.Ithappenedtobeverycold_themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of( )22.Whydidyougetupsoearly_thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in介词专题练习( )1.Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on( )2.Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up( )3.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn_March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since( )4.Hesuddenlyreturned_arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during( )5.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of( )6.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still( )7.Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on( )8.Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast_fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast( )9.Wereturnedtoourhometown_.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek( )10.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear( )11.Childrenwakeupveryearly_themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at( )12._acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For( )13.Ithappenedtobeverycold_themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of( )14.Whydidyougetupsoearly_thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in( )15.HewenttoShanghai_September3,1991andcameback_acoldmorninglastyear.( )A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in( )16.Lucywasborn_thenightofMay12,1984. A.onB.inC.atD.to( )17.MrsBrowncametoChina_1996.A.onB.ofC.toD.in( )18._themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowthemourning_JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;forD.At;for( )19.Annmoved_Hangzhou_September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in( )20.Theystartedoff_anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on( )21.Heoftengoes_scho