CATTI三级笔译实务真题和答案套.pdf

1 / 11 2015 年年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷 Section1 For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.” 对这个地处犹他州东部、 矿产丰富的地区而言， 煤炭在过去几代人的眼里一直都是这个地区的生 命线/经济命脉。每当回忆起作为矿工在地下采煤的岁月时，每个家庭都会感到无比自豪。大街 的煤炭供应公司栉比鳞次/鳞次栉比。在蜿蜒通向矿区的马路上方，可见一处广告牌，上面除了 有句“煤炭=工作”的口号，还有位满身烟灰的矿工正凝视着前方。 But recently, fear has settled in. The states oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations. 但是最近，人们开始担忧起来。由于新的联邦污染防治法规更加严格，位于县郊（译者注：根据 本文倒数第二段该地区实为卡本县，这里的 town 指的就是卡本县，所以此处译为县郊。 ）峡谷之 中的犹他州历史最久的燃煤电厂即将关闭。 As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere. 由于能源公司摒弃煤炭转而发展更加清洁、 更加廉价的天然气， 这里的人们越来越担心他们的家 园可能很快就会悄然消失/不复存在。卡本电厂（Carbon Power Plant）的几十号工人已得知， 他们必须提前退休或另谋职业。当地的卡车运输和装备人员正准备到其他地方去发展业务。 “There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954. “I would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “Im too young to retire.” 凯尔 戴维斯 （Kyle Davis） 自 18 岁起就一直在这家电厂工作， 他说： “许多人现在都忧心忡忡。 ” 该公司自 1954 年成立以来，运转至今，从未间断。现年 56 岁的戴维斯先生在该公司从清扫工人 一路做到负责公司运营的高管职位。他说道：“我本想在公司再干五年的，毕竟现在退休还太年 轻。” But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015.“We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.” 但是目前负责运营卡本电厂的落基山电力公司（Rocky Mountain Power）已决定，如果为了达 到有关汞排放量的新联邦标准而对该电厂的老旧设备进行翻新改造，代价过高，并不可行。该电 2 / 11 厂计划于 2015 年 4 月底前关闭。该电厂的发言人大卫 艾斯克森（David Eskelsen）说：“在过 去的三年中，我们的时间主要用于检测电厂的各种合规策略。我们的检测发现，任何一种合规策 略都无法达到新法规的要求。” For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas. This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the countrys largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement. 近几年来，由于环保法规更加严格、电力需求日益疲弱、而公用事业公司又转而供应天然气，全 国各地的燃煤电厂纷纷关闭。田纳西河流域管理局是全国最大的公共电力公司。本月，该局董事 会投票决定，关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤电厂并将其中一些电厂升级为燃气电 厂。自 2010 年以来，有 150 多家燃煤电厂已经关闭或即将退役。 The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality. In recent weeks, the agency held 11 “listening sessions” around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions. 美国环保署预计， 更加严格的排放法规将能节省数十亿美元的医疗开支并将对空气质量产生全面 的影响/能明显改善空气质量。最近几周，在提议出台二氧化碳排放补充条例之前，环保署在全 国各地举行了 11 次“听证会”。 “Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Clubs Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nations coal plants. 塞拉俱乐部发起的“超越煤炭”运动希望关闭全国所有的燃煤电厂。该运动的负责人布鲁斯 尼尔 斯（Bruce Nilles）说：“在美国，燃煤电厂是危险的碳排放的最大恶源。我们已有现成的方法 比如用风能和太阳能取代燃煤电厂。” For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007 mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside. But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change if not now, soon. 对于这里的很多人来说，他们对煤炭工作再熟悉不多了/绝不陌生。煤炭行业在艰难时期也能将 该地区团结起来，尤其是在 2007 年矿难事件后的黑暗时期。那次矿难发生在沿高速公路往南大 约 35 英里的地方，造成九名矿工遇难。普赖斯（Price）附近的所有人几乎都认识遇难者，其中 有六名遇难者至今仍埋葬在山腰处。但是现在每个人的心里都清楚，卡本县（Carbon County） 将会发生变化，即便不是现在发生，也很快就会发生变化。 Pete Palacios, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12, and earned $1 a day. “Im retired, so Ill be fine. But these young guys?” Pete Palacios said, his voice trailing off. 3 / 11 皮特 帕拉斯奥斯（Pete Palacios）已经 86 岁高龄，曾在矿山工作 43 年，见证了煤炭行业的起 落兴衰。他 12 岁时就开始工作，每天可以赚到一美元，回忆起自己第一份采矿工作时，老人的 目光中充满了忧愁。他说：“我已经退休了，所以我可以安享晚年。但是这些年轻人今后该怎么 办呢？”老人说这番话时声音越来越低沉。 Section2 天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关”、“中国重晶石 之乡”、“贵州高原黄金城”之称。 Located in the east of Guizhou, Tianzhu County is an important gateway from Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou to Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It is known to the world as the “First Pass in Eastern Guizhou”, a “Land of Barite in China” and a “Gold County on the Guizhou Plateau”. 天柱县总面积 2201 平方公里，辖 16 个乡镇，326 个行政村，总人口 41 万余人，以侗、苗族为 主的少数民族人口占 98.3%。是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。 With a total area of 2,201 square kilometers, Tianzhu County is composed of 16 townships and 326 administrative villages. Ethnic minorities, predominantly Dong and Miao, constitute 98.3% of the local population of more than 410 thousand. It is one of the counties with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities in Guizhou. 天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓” 的美誉。当地年产烟叶 2.6 万担（一担=50 公斤） ，是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森 林面积达 185 万亩（一亩=1/15 公顷） ，覆盖率达 56%，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、 黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。 Tianzhu boasts abundant natural resources. Endowed with moderate climate and fertile soil, it is a major grain production base in Guizhou and is crowned as the “Breadbasket in East Guizhou”. It isalso a major tobacco leaf producer in China with an annual output of 26 thousand dans (one dan=50 kilograms). Furthermore, the extensive forests in the county cover an area of 1.85 million mus (one mu=1/15 hectare), 56% of the countys total area. Besides being one of the ten larget county-level bases of forest resources in Guizhou, it also abounds in barite, gold, coal and other mineral resources. 天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水 平在不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设得以加强，城镇面貌日新月异。“生态环 境优美，文化教育优越，综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力”的新天柱呈现在世人面 前。 Benefiting from the countrys “go west” campaign, Tianzhu County has entered into a fast track of development. Many encouraging changes in comprehensive strengths have taken place in Tianzhu: steady economic growth, improvement of the peoples livelihood, adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, as well as infrastructure improvement. And today Tianzhu is presenting a new image featuring a sound ecological environment, developed culture and education, improved comprehensive services and habitat conditions, as well as a more vibrant economy to the world. 4 / 11 2015 年年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷 Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the countrys 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament. 爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家， 其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。 爱尔兰的首都和 最大城市是都柏林，该国 460 万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在陆地上 接壤的是英国的北爱尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。 爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。 Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948. 在爱尔兰独立战争和随后签署的英爱条约之后，爱尔兰于 1922 年脱离联合王国获得独 立。独立之初的爱尔兰只是一块（仍受英国控制的）自治领，在 1931 英国议会通过威斯敏斯 特条例后，爱尔兰才获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。 1937 年爱尔兰实施了一部新宪法， 这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱尔兰”。在 1949 年， 爱尔兰共和国法案 1948获得通过，爱尔 兰宣布成为一个共和国。 Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash. 以人均 GDP 计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家行列。1973 年，爱尔兰通过了一系列自由 经济政策，这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧。1995 年到 2007 年，该国经 济欣欣向荣。 但其经济良好态势被 2008 年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断， 与此同时全球经 济也遭受重挫。 In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment. 在 2011 年和 2013 年的联合国人类发展指数报告中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。 并且该国在国家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。 该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。 5 / 11 The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent. 2011 年，爱尔兰人口为 4588252 人，自 2006 年来增加了 8.2%。截止 2011 年，爱尔兰 的出生率为欧盟最高（每千人每年出生 16 名婴儿） 。2012 年，爱尔兰 35.1%的新生儿为未婚 女性所生。在 2002 年到 2006 年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年人口增长率超过 2%，这归功于较高速 度的自然人口增长和移民。 这个增长率在随后的 2006 年到 2011 年这个阶段稍微下降， 此阶段 的人口年增长率为 1.6%。 Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average. 在性别平等方面， 爱尔兰排名世界第五。 在 2011 年， 爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名， 世界最慈善国家第二名。在 1979 年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响 力的消退导致了爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。1983 年，第八修正案承认了“未出生的婴儿的生命 权”，其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生命权资格是平等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通过确 保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国 外是合法的。1937 年宪法禁止离婚的规定在 1995 年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。与欧盟 平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。 Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal. 爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方 面的歧视是违法的。 Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union. 爱尔兰在 2002 年开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税，2004 年开始在公共场所禁烟，而这些举 措在世界上均属首创。 资源循环利用在爱尔兰开展的很广泛， 爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位 居第二。 6 / 11 Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points) Translate the following passage into English. 不冲突不对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示，历史上大约有过 15 次 新兴大国的崛起，其中有 11 次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比， 中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体， 对抗将是双输， 战争没有出路。 不冲突、 不对抗的宣示，就是要顺应全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不 信，构建对中美关系前景的正面信心。 “No conflict or confrontation” is the prerequisite for the new model of major-country relations between us. According to some study of history, there have been about 15 cases of rise of emerging powers. In 11 cases, confrontation and war broke out between the emerging and the established powers. However, we now live in a different world. China and the United States and in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. War will get us nowhere. “No conflict or confrontation” means that we need to follow the trend of globalization, reverse negative projections of China-US relations, address strategic distrust and build confidence in the future of China-US relations. 相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不 同、历史文化背景各异，同时又利益相互交织的大国，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互 尊重对方人民选择的制度与道路，相互尊重彼此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化 异，实现两国的和谐相处。 “Mutual respect” is a basic principle for this new model. We live in a world of rich diversity. For China and the United States, two major countries different in social system, history and culture yet connected by intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the more important. Only by respecting each others system and path chosen by their people, as well as each others core interests and concerns can we seek common ground while reserving differences and, on that basis, expand common ground and dissolve differences so that China and the United States will be able to live together in harmony. 合作共赢， 是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。 中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着广泛合 作需求和巨大合作潜力。此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到网络安全，从核不扩散 到气候变化，从中东和平到非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合作和贡献。 “Win-win cooperation” is the only way to turn the vision into a reality. There is an enormous need and vast potential for bilateral cooperation in all fields. Besides, the world certainly needs China and the United States, two major countries with great influence, to work together and contribute on issues ranging from counter terrorism to cyber security, from nuclear non-proliferation to climate change, and from peace in the Middle East to Africas development. Win-win progress is only possible when both countries are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover, such win-win outcome should not just be beneficial to China and the United States, it should also be beneficial to all countries in the world. 7 / 11 2016 年年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷 英译中（选自 2014 年 11 月纽约时报） Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldnt see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is. 在蒂昂戈利（Thiengoly），老人们常说起过去树木繁多、遮天蔽日的景象。而现在，这座塞纳 加尔西北部的村庄已经被棕红色的沙土包围， 剩下的只有星星点点的灌木和树木。 干燥的动物粪 便四处散落，枯草却难觅踪迹。 Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Saharas advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation cant regenerate itself.” 人类学家吉勒斯 博尔特斯（Gilles Boetsch）说，撒哈拉沙漠情况恶化加速，主要原因是过度放 牧和气候变化。 目前， 他正在这一区域指导法国科学家团队和塞内加尔籍的探索者进行合作研究。 “当地的珀尔（Peul）族以放牧为生，有时也过游牧生活。但牧群对于这片土地的压力已大得让 其无力承受，”博尔特斯先生在一次采访中说，“这样植被无法自己再生。” Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the countrys segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert.While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall. 自 2008 年，塞内加尔已经开始对沙漠侵蚀宣战。过去的每年，该国都会沿着长 545 公里长（约 合 340 英里）的带状区域种植 200 万株幼苗，这片区域就是“绿色长城”在塞内加尔境内的部分。 “绿色长城”是泛非洲主义者的绿植再生项目，该项目最初在 2005 年提出，现在联合了塞内加尔 和其他十个撒哈拉国家一同建设，这条绿化带宽 15 千米，长 7100 千米，旨在防止沙漠侵袭。 当许多国家着手准备自己国家所负责的绿化带区域时， 塞内加尔已经率先为“绿色长城”项目设立 了国家级机关。 “This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agencys technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are 8 / 11 employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to tak