Learningaboutlanguage.ppt

Unit 2 English around the world Learning about language,1 Match the words and expressions.,1. petrol 2. voyage 3. gradually 4. frequently 5. identity 6. the latter 7. actually 8. fluent,A. who or what somebody or something is B. a word for gas in British English C. not sudden D. in fact E. the second of two things or people already mentioned F. often G. long trip by sea or in space H. able to speak or write a language well,Discovering useful words and expressions,It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as _ as a _ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large _. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries.,native,vocabulary,fluently,Complete this passage with the words from the Warming up and Reading.,If you use “flat” instead of “_”, people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _ instead of “lift” in Britain, people will know you have studied American English.,apartment,elevator,“Will you _ to my flat?” asked the spider to the fly. “_ its so pleasant to look down from so high. _ the clear sky its possible to see Buildings _ theatres and hotels,Add these phrases to the rhyme so that it makes sense. such as make use of because of come up at present,come up,At present,Because of,such as,by the sea. So wont you please _ this chance to look?” The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, The spider caught and ate her and she was never seen again! Then read the rhyme aloud and mark the sense groups.,make use of,1. There are so many people _ the street. 2. They are going to have a party _ the weekend.,4 Sometimes British and American people use different prepositions for the same idea. Choose a pair of prepositions. Then compare them. at / on past / after in / on from / than,in/on,at/on,3. We will leave for the airport at a quarter _ five. 4. His brother is _ the most famous football team in England. 5. As we know, British English is a little different _ American English.,past/after,in/on,from/than,6. Are there many children playing _ the playground? Do you know which usage is British English and which is American? Discuss in pairs and then in class.,in/on,in,at,on,after,from,past,than,on,in,on,in,on,Grammar,Direct and Indirect Speech,Requests and Commands,1. He said: “Ive left my pen in my room.” He told me that he had left his pen in his room.,She said that he would be busy.,2. She said: “He will be busy.”,复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语),She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.,3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”,1. 陈述句的间接引语连接词用that, 在 口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。 例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room.,复习规律,2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用if 或whether, 而引述选择疑问句时 只能用whether, 引述动词用asked, 没有 间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.,3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接 词, 改为陈述语序。例如：, The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.,The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”,4. 如何变时态： 直接引语 间接引语,一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时,一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时,如： 1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. 3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.,1)直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.,但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接 引语变为间接引语时, 时态一般不变化。,2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、 某日作状语, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的, 习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的, 变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。,The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”, The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,4) 若直接引语中含有when, since, while 等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句, 变间接引语时, 从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better 等动词时。 如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other.,5. 如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语, 状语变化有其内在规律, 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。 地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”。如:,He said, “These books are mine. ” He said those books were his.,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this that; these those; now then; yesterday the day before; today that day; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year) the next week (month, year); ago before; here there,1. Could I use your bathroom?,request,2. Put your coat in the closet.,command,3. Speak quietly on the phone, please.,request,Requests or Commands?,4. Will you help me with my homework this afternoon?,request,5. Could you meet me at four?,request,6. Take your shoes off before you enter the room.,command,7. Go to bed right now. 8. Could you help me with my English please? 9. Open the door at once. 10. Would you please give me that book?,request,command,command,request,Direct speech,Requests: Do ., please. Can you.? Could you .? Will you .? Would you . ?,Commands: Do. Dont .,Indirect speech,Requests: A asked B to do sth. A asked B not to do sth.,Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.,祈使句的间接引语采用“动词+宾语 +不定式”结构。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.,祈使句的直接引语和间接引语,如果祈使句是表示请求, 间接引语的 动词常用ask; 如果是表示命令, 间接 引语的动词常用tell, order, command等。,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引导的宾语从句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,He said, “Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句, 变为间接引语时, 通常用 “suggest + 动名词(或从句)”。如:,that/what/how引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,感叹句,直引: 主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引: 主语+动词+陈述句 e.g. He said, “What a fine day it is!” He said, “How fine the day is!” He said what a fine day it was. He said how fine the day was. He exclaimed that it was a fine day.,Keys to the Exercises 3 on page 12,Request The children asked their teacher to sing a song for them. 2. Command The mother ordered her child to turn off the radio. 3. Request The dentist asked a patient to open his mouth, so he could see the bad tooth clearly.,4. Request The secretary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute. 5. Request John asked his classmate if /weather he could borrow his pen. 6. Command The teacher ordered his student to come up to his office.,4. Make some dialogues using commands and requests and retell them in indirect speech. A bear is moving towards a boy. What do you say to the boy to make sure that he is not hurt? 2. An English teacher is telling her students what they must do for homework. A student cannot hear the teacher very clearly. What should he say to his classmate to find out what to do? Think of more situations for your conversations.,Sample Situation1: Tom : Take care! A bear is moving towards you. Boy : Oh, who can help me? Tom : Stay calm and dont move. Boy : Tom told the boy to take care, for a bear is moving towards the boy. The boy asked who could help him. Tom told the boy to stay calm and not to move.,He said, “My sister was here for three days.” He said that _ sister _ _ _ _ three days. 2. She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.” She said that _ _ go there _.,his,had been,there for,she would,the next day,练一练,3. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _ me _ him _. 4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father _ Peter _ _ the night _.,asked,if/whether I had seen,the night before,asked,when he went to,before,bed,5. The host said to us, “Please come to see us again if you have time.” _ _. 6. The teacher said to me, “Write a letter to your parents.” _ _,The host asked us to go to see them again if we had time,The teacher told me to write a letter to my parents.,“Could you pass me the salt?” Mary said to me. Mary asked me to pass her the salt. 2. “Show me your license, please.” the policeman said to the driver. The policeman told the driver to show him the license.,把直接引语转换为间接引语。,3. The teacher said to me, “Can you pass on the book to Tom?” 4. Mother said to Li Ming, “Stop playing computer games!” Mother ordered Li Ming to stop playing computer games.,The teacher asked me to pass on the book to Tom.,5. The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” ,The mother asked Tom to get up early.,6. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”,The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,The landlady asked him to put his coat in the closet.,“Will you please put your coat in the closet?” said the landlady.,把间接引语转换为直接引语。,The landlady asked him not to put his coat on the bed.,“Will you please not put your coat on the bed?” asked the landlady.,2. The young father told his children to stand still.,“Stand still,” the young father said to his children.,The young father told his children not to move., “Dont move,” the young father said to his children.,3. Mother told me to lock the door after midnight., “Lock the door after midnight,” said Mother.,Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight.,“Dont leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother.,1. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close,Choose the best answer.,C,2. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do,D,3. “Dont put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him _ put it on _hat. A. dont, his B. dont, her C. not to, his D. not to, her,D,4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse,B,5. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter,C,解析: 如果直接引语是“Whats the matter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。,6. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member,C,解析: 选择疑问句要变成whether 或if引导的宾语从句。,7. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.,解析: 反意疑问句要变成whether或 if 引导的宾语从句。,B,8. He asked _ for the computer. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,D,9. Tom asked Jack _. A. why he was so excited B. why was he so excited C. why is he so excited D. why he is so excited,A,10. The boy said, “