常用中医临床句型.ppt

2019/7/28,1,常用中医临床句型,2019/7/28,2,1.be termed as.,中医学中有许多特有术语，与西医学不同。如“ 心血虚证”、“中风”等。 在西医学中，“be termed as” 这一句式常用来解释专业术语。 a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high is termed as hypertension .,2019/7/28,3,Example,Blood deficiency of heart is termed as syndorme of heart blood deficiency. 心血不足称为“心血虚证”。 Tianyang disease with fever,sweating, aversion to wind and moderate pulse is termed as Zhongfeng. 发热，汗出，恶风，脉缓者，名为中风。 (此处“中风”为“风寒表虚证”，是伤寒论中的说法，而非脑血管疾病之中风。),2019/7/28,4,2. be.of,“be+adj+of”可以表示气血津液神等物质的状态 形容词以 “lack”或“full”为主，表示“不足”或“正常” 的病理或生理状态。 Patient with spleen disorder may be lack of qi. (脾病可导致患者气虚。) The patient was full of vitality.（该患者精神矍铄。）,2019/7/28,5,3. be associated with,说明疾病证候的性质，与风、寒、湿、热、气、血、脏腑等因素相关联的情况。 Red tongue is associated with heat syndrome.（红舌与热证有关。) Abnormal leucorrhea is associated with dampness. （带下病与湿有关。） All the diseases characterized by oppression and stagnation of qi are associated with lung.（诸气膹郁，皆属于肺。）,2019/7/28,6,4. be characterized with/by.,be characterized with/by.就是用来说明疾病或者事物的独特性。,2019/7/28,7,Example,Excessive dyspnea is characterized with wheezing loudly. （实喘者胸胀气粗，声高息涌。） Lung cough is characterized with a loud dyspnea and even hemoptysis if serious.（肺咳的特点是喘息有音，甚则唾血。） All dampness diseases characterized by swelling and fullness are associated with the spleen.(诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。),2019/7/28,8,5. cause,在表述病因时，既可以用作主动语态（sth. cause sth.），表示某种致病因素引起某种证候。 Either the six exogenous factors or the internal emotional injuries can cause the abnormal leucorrhea.(外感六淫和内伤七情都可能导致带下病。) When the wind invades into the body, it can cause sweating, headache, heavy body and aversion to cold. （风邪从外入,可引起振寒,汗出头痛,身重恶寒.）,2019/7/28,9,6.be caused by.,用作被动语态（be caused by）,表示某种证候由某种致病因素引起 。 A cold is often caused by lung disorders. (肺的功能异常可引起感冒。) All the five kinds of stranguria are caused by heat. （五种淋证均由热引起。）,2019/7/28,10,7. be due to,其表示的病因，可能只是病因的一种，而不一定是直接病因。 fever due to qi deficiency(气虚发热) be caused by和be due to,2019/7/28,11,Dyspnea with lack of breath is due to lung deficiency. （肺虚可以导致少气、呼吸困难。） Stranguria is due to kidney deficiency and heat of bladder. （淋证由肾虚和膀胱热引起。）,2019/7/28,12,8. lead to,If the dominating qi and the season do not correspond with each other, it can lead to cold and heat disorders. (若主气与季节不相合，可能导致寒热失调。) Liver blood deficiency may lead to muscle shivering.（肝血虚可能导致肌肉颤动。）,2019/7/28,13,9.fail to do,某脏腑功能的异常，比如“肺失宣降”、“肾失封藏” ； fail to do.可以准确地表达出“失”掉某种功能的意义 Qi fails to be transformed into menstruation but is converted into abnormal leucorrhea.（气不能化经水，而反变为带下病。） Qi fails to be transformed into essence but is converted into water due to lung deficiency.（肺虚则气不化精而化水。）,2019/7/28,14,10.be differentiated as/into,“syndrome differentiation” 辩证论治 侧重“辩证” Red leucorrhea can be differentiated as heat pattern while the white one as damp pattern.（赤色带下为热证，白色带下尾湿证。） Cough should be differentiated into yin and yang。（在辩证时，咳嗽应当分阴证和阳证。）,2019/7/28,15,11.be classified as.,强调疾病的分类情况 Cough can be classified as two pattern: one is due to exogenous pathogen and the other is due to internal injuries. （咳嗽可分两类：外感咳嗽和内伤咳嗽。）,2019/7/28,16,12. While-对比转折关系,Short-term dyspnea is almost excessive while long-term dyspnea is usually insufficient. （喘证，新病多实，久病多虚。） Spleen is source of phlegm production while lung is store of phlegm. （脾为生痰之源，肺为贮痰之器。） Stranguria with pains is excessive while without pains is deficient. （淋证痛者为实，不痛者为虚。）,2019/7/28,17,13. should be treated with, The long-term abnormal leucorrhea should be mainly treated with harmonizing the spleen and stomach. （带下病年久不止者，以和脾胃为主） It should be treated with replenishing the Ren channel and clearing the kidney heat. （法宜补任脉之虚，而清肾火之炎） If cough is severe, lung should be treated; if phlegm is too much, spleen should be treated.（咳为重，治在肺；痰为重，治在脾。）,2019/7/28,18,treat可替换成其他治疗类动词 Cough due to dampness should be dried. （因于湿，宜燥之。）,2019/7/28,19,14.should be used to treat., Buzhong Decoction should be used to treat abnormal leucorrhea due to qi deficiency.(气虚带下，用补中汤治疗。) Mahuang Decoction which can promote sweating should be used to treat the exterior disease with floating pulse.（脉浮，病位在表，可发汗，用麻黄汤治疗。） 脉浮发热，渴欲饮水，小便不利者，猪苓汤主之。（金匮要略消渴小便不利淋病脉证并治）