四级真题短文翻译.doc

真文短文翻译1.中国结（the Chinese knot）最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺（handicraft）代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。The Chinese knot was originally invented by Chinese handicraftsmen.After hundreds of years of continuous improvement, it has become an elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient China, people used it to record events, but now it is mainly used for decorative purposes. The word “knot” means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. The Chinese knot is often used as an exchanged gift or ornament to pray for good luck and avoid evil spirits. This form of handicrafts was handed down from generation and now it has become increasingly popular in China and around the word.2许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。 Many people like Chinese cuisine. In China, cooking is not only seen as a skill, but also is regarded as an art. Well-prepared Chinese cuisine not only tastes good but also looks attractive. Cooking techniques and ingredients differ considerably from place to place in China. But great Chinese cuisine has one thing in common: it invariably takes color, flavor, texture and nutrition into account. As food is very important to health, good chefs always try their best to strike a balance among grain, meat and vegetables, and therefore Chinese cuisine is both delicious and health.3.古代风筝被称为“鹞（sparrow hawk）”，在中国北方也称为“鸢（glede）”。春秋战国时期（Spring and Autumn Period），东周哲人墨子（Mo-tse），曾“费时三年，以木制木鸢，飞升天空”，但这只木鸢只飞了一天就坏了。墨子制造的这只“木鸢”就是中国最早的风筝，也是世界上最早的风筝，距今已有2400年。唐代时，风筝传入朝鲜、日本等周边国家。13世纪，意大利探险家马可.波罗从中国返回欧洲后，中国风筝便开始传入到世界各地。In ancient times, a kite was called a “sparrow hawk” and also was well know as a “glede” in the northern part of China. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a philosopher named Mo-tse in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. He “spent three years making a wooden glede that could fly in the sky”, but it crashed just in one day. That wooden glede made by Mo-tes 2400 yeas ago was the first kite both in China and the world. In Tang Dynasty, kites were introduced to Chinas neighboring countries like Korea and Japan. In the 13th century, the Italian explorer Marco Polo introduced kites to Europe when he went back from China, and since then, kites were introduced to other regions of the world. 4通货膨胀（inflation）指的是某一经济体的商品和服务的总体价格在一段时期内持续上涨的状态。当总体价格水平上涨时，单位货币所能购买到的商品和服务就会减少，也就是说，单位货币的购买力下降了。衡量通货膨胀程度的主要标准就是通货膨胀率。通货膨胀率是一个按年统计的百分比率，它与消费者物价指数（CPI）的变化有着密切的联系。Inflation refers to a persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services, which means the purchasing power of each unit of money is reduced. The chief standard of measuring inflation is the inflation rate. Inflation rate is an annualized percentage closely related to the change in the consumer price index (CPI).5、2月14日是西方情人节，而中国也有关于爱情的节日，那就是七夕（Qixi Festival）。关于七夕有一个牛郎与织女的神话传说。据说这对恋人被分隔在银河（Milky Way）两岸，每年七月初七，一群喜鹊（magpie）会搭成鹊桥以使这对恋人相见。与西方的情人节不同，中国情人节并不强调送玫瑰花和巧克力，女孩会准备一些瓜果供奉给织女，祈求能获得精湛的针线技艺并嫁得一位如意郎君。February 14th is St. Valentines Day in the West. The Chinese also have a day about love-the Qixi Festival. About this festival, there is a legend of Niu Lang and Zhi Nv, which says that the two were separated from each other by the Milky Way, and once a year, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, a flock of magpies would form a bridge to reunite the couple. Unlike St. Valentines Day in the West, there is not so much emphasis on giving roses and chocolates. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits and melons as offerings to Zhi Nv, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft and marry a Mr. Right. 6.杭州是中国著名的八大古都（ancient capital）之一，已有2000多年的历史。俗话说“上有天堂，下有苏杭”，这表达了古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷赞美。杭州不仅以自然美闻名于世，而且有着传统的文化魅力。一般来说，花两天时间游览杭州西湖（West Lake） 及其周围景点较为合适。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。Hangzhou, one of Chinas eight well-known ancient capital cities, has a history of more than 2,000 years. As an old saying goes, Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth reflects the paradise in heaven. It reflects peoples sincere appreciation for this beautiful city through the ages. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions. Generally speaking, a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist. As a tourist, you will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou.7.水墨画（Ink wash painting）是中国画中非常具有代表性的类型，因此几乎已成为中国画的代名词。水墨画从我国唐代发展起来，后传入日本和朝鲜，是古代文人墨客（scholar gentleman）闲暇时的爱好。他们在宣纸（Xuan paper）上用毛笔和墨汁作画，因此大部分的水墨画都是黑白的。这类画作最为常见的主题就是风景。水墨画最主要的目的不是简单地再现事物的外观，而是捕捉它的神韵。 Ink wash painting is such a representative type of Chinese painting that it has almost become a synonym of Chinese painting. Ink wash painting developed in China during the Tang Dynasty, and was later introduced to Japan and Korea. It was a hobby of the ancient scholar gentlemen at their leisure time. They drew on Xuan Paper with a Chinese brush and ink, so most of the ink wash paintings are black and white. The most common theme of this type of painting is landscape. The main purpose of ink wash painting is not to simply reproduce the appearance of the subject, but to capture its spirit. 8.莫言，原名管谟业，上世纪80年代中期以一系列乡土作品赢得声誉，被归类为“寻根文学”作家（root-seeking writer）。莫言的作品深受魔幻现实主义的影响，写的是发生在山东高密的传奇。莫言在他的小说中表现了他对现实的独特理解，进行了天马行空般的叙述和陌生化的处理（de-familiarization），塑造出神秘的对象世界（a world of mysticism），带有明显的“先锋”色彩。2011年莫言凭长篇小说蛙获第八届茅盾文学奖。The real name of Mo Yan is Guan Moye. Relying on a series of native literary works, Mos claim to fame came in the 1980s when he established a reputation for being a so-called root-seeking writer. His works were strongly influenced by magical realism and told the legends which took place in Gaomi, Shandong Province. In his novels, Mo Yan shows his unique perceptions of reality, makes imaginative descriptions, uses de-familiarization processing and creates a world of mysticism, reflecting an obvious pioneering writing style. In 2011, his novel Frog won the eighth Mao Dun Literature Prize.预测短文翻译1、孔子学院（Confucius Institute），是推广汉语和传播中国文化与国学（sinology）的教育和文化交流机构。它最重要的功能之一就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供规范、权威的现代汉语教材和最正规、最主要的汉语教学渠道。全球首家孔子学院与2004年在韩国首尔成立，目前孔子学院已在全球数百个教育机构落户，中小学孔子课堂达500多个，成为推广汉语教学、传播中国文化及汉学的全球品牌和平台。Confucius Institute is an education and cultural exchange agency aiming at popularizing Chinese language and spreading Chinese culture and sinology. One of the most important functions of the agency is to provide Chinese language learners around the world with standardized, authoritative modern Chinese teaching materials and the most formal, principal channel for Chinese teaching and learning. The first Confucius Institute in the world was established in Seoul, South Korea in 2004; so far, Confucius Institute has settled in hundreds of education institutions around the world, with Confucius Classrooms in primary and middle schools amounting to more than 500, making it the global brand and platform for advocating Chinese teaching and learning, and spreading Chinese culture and sinology.2、北京有无数的胡同（hutong）。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of