非谓语动词概述及不定式.ppt

非谓语动词考点归纳,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,可充当成分: 主语 , 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.,一、不定式,1.不定式作主语,To lose your heart means failure. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. To do two things at a time is to do neither,2.不定式作宾语,You neednt bother to come yourself. They are considering what to do next. Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,3.不定式作宾语补足语,My father wants me to be an English teacher. My teacher asked me to go there on time. She was considered to have stolen the money. 常接不定式作宾补的词有： ask, encourage, force, permit, urge, direct, enable, invite, order, want, wish等,4.不定式作表语,What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质,He is to marry Rose.,表按计划要做的事情.,4.不定式作定语,The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.,5. 不定式作目的状语,Tim sat near the fire to get warm. The athletes practised hard to win the match.,相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的目的状语.,6.不定式作结果状语,常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词 as to do引导。 Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He is brave enough to go out alone at night Im not such a fool as to believe that.,7. 不定式作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后 I am happy to see you. She was sad to hear the bad news.,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要 注意与一般时的区别。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等） Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,It is + 形容词 of somebody + to do sth.,表示某人因做了某事而反映出了其特有的品质. 例1：It is wise of him to do that. =To do that is wise of him. 例2：It is wrong of him not to accept our invitation. =Not to accept our invitation is wrong of him. 品质形容词：absurd, bold, careful, considerate, thoughtful, nice, rude, cruel, brave, careless, careful等,8.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。,10. 不定式的省略现象，即用动词原形的情况,不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the distance. 介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except _ them (wait). I have not any power in the firm except _ (recommend) .,不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。 例: What I want to do now is find some books to read.,1. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken,11. 不定式后动词的省略,动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。,1.- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right,句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式为 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 例1： -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ). 例2： -Have you finished your homework yet? - No, but I should have (finished).,不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改