人教版unit5语法专题-被动语态.doc

被动语态适用学科英语适用年级初三适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点主动与被动语态教学目标知识：掌握主动语态与被动语态的区别和做题方法方法：牢记主动语态变化成被动语态各自的结构，通过练习加强理解能力：提升主动句转换为被动句的熟练度教学重点1、被动语态的常考5种句型教学难点1、理解并熟练应用被动和主动语态教学过程一、 课堂导入给出三组句子，让学生自己先自己去发现主动语态与被动语态的差别1. Thomas Edison invented the light. The light was invented by Thomas Edison .2.Jim will ride the motorbike to his factory tomorrow The motorbike will be ridden to his factory tomorrow3.Tom must finish his homework before Friday. His homework must be finished by Tom before Friday. 二、复习预习教师听过提问的方式复习上节课的知识点，即初中的常考的6种时态，并通过讲解上节课的课后作业来巩固加深学生对6种时态的认识，也为这堂课的学习起到一个预习的作用。三、知识讲解知识点1：语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tom(执) cleans(谓动) the room(承) every day.(主动)The room(承) is cleaned(谓动) by Tom(执) every day. (被动) 【考查点】被动语态结构：助动词be + 动词的过去分词done， 即be done ，常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。 知识点2：什么情况用被动语态1.【考查点】动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by 短语。 Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons. 文字处理技巧会在电脑课上教授2.【考查点】不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些新的电脑被偷掉了。3.【考查】突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。知识点3：被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现，done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。【考察点】必须掌握的五种时态被动语态 ：以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1一般现在时：am / is / are + done2一般过去时：was / were + done3一般将来时：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4现在完成时：have / has + been + done5情态动词： can/may/must/should/have to be done1.2.【考查点】 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done过去完成时：had + been + done 过去将来时：should / would + be done知识点4：主动语态变被动语态的方法 My aunt invited me to her dinner party.执行者 动词 承受者 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 谓语 by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。知识点5：语态转换时所注意的问题1.【考查点】把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正确)A new computer have been bought. (错误)2. 【考查点】含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说： A present was given to me yesterday.3.【考查点】由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：动词+介词，如: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。动词+副词，如: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。 The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls.4.【考查点】带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do )We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )5【考查点】在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.记住下列变化：see sb dobe seen to dohear sb do.be heard to dolisten to sb dobe listened to to domake sb dobe made to do6【考查点】主动表被动的词有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等，它们经常与well, badly, easily等副词连用。 (1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。(2)The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。(3)The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。 对比：The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)7【考查点】只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句： 第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.8【考查点】一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：happen,take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如： The accident took place last night.误：The accident was taken place last night.9【考查点】 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.众所周知 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.四、例题精析【例题1】The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)An English song _ _ _ by the children.【答案】will be sang【解析】本题考查主动句变为被动句，将原句的主语变为宾语，原句宾语变为主语，同时注意是将来时。【例题2】An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened【答案】D【解析】本题考查被动语态，但是选项中happen 与take place 均不能用被动。【例题3】So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.has visited【答案】C【解析】本题考查被动语态的时态问题,月亮是被参观，故排除D选项的主动形式，再根据句末的already,故要用现在完成时的被动语态。【例题4】Who_ this fantastic novel?I dont know.A. is written B .wrote C. writes D.was written【答案】B【解析】本题考查是否需要用被动的问题。题目问，谁写了这部如此好的小说，可知要用主动，不用被动，所以A与D排除，而时态上要用过去时。五、课堂运用【基础】1 A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us【答案】B【解析】考查有双宾语的动词的被动语态。故事是昨天被讲，同时又是讲给我们的，所以用过去时的被动语态后，还要注意加介词to 再加us2The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump【答案】D【解析】在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。3.These books _. So many people are interested in them A. are sold well B. sell well C. sell good D. sell badly【答案】C【解析】sell只能用主动表被动，该句又是一般现在时，所以C正确。4 _ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态时态问题。由last year 可知要用过去时，同时桥是被建，只有B符合。【巩固】5 A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态的时态问题。由next week 可知，要用将来时的被动。6. Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeoplelifealotsinceit_. A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从手机发明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据句意判断用一般过去时，手机与动词invent在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。7.OnJune11th,2013,Shenzhou-10carryingthreeastronauts_intospacefromthespacecenterinJiuquan.AlltheChinesepeopleareproudofitssuccessfullaunch. A.sentupB.aresentup C.wassentup D were sent up 【答案】C【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态结构。由OnJune11th,2013可知该句为一般过去时，排除B项；主语Shenzhou-10与谓语动词存在被动关系，故应用被动语态，故选C。【拔高】8 Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out.