动名词用法精讲精炼.doc

动名词定义：动名词是兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。有时态和语态的变化。一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 用。如：二、动名词作主语的几种类型 1. 直接位于句首做主语：Climbing mountains is really fun.高Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.It is no use telling him not to worry. It is no good crying over spilt milk. It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun playing with children.3. 用于“There be”结构中There is no saying when hell come.4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。No smoking. No parking.5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 2、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语：某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, suggest, escapekeep on, put off, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to（2）作介词的宾语We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?（3）作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading(BBS: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping)二、动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。可做动名词逻辑主语的有：物主代词， 人称代词宾格，名词普通格，名词所有格在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？ Her coming to help encouraged all of us. (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) BBS: Janes being careless caused so much trouble. (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. (=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written【注意】其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：I hate talking with such people. Being careless is not a good habit. 2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：I dont remember having met him before. Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public.（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.【了解】（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excuse me for being late. Thank you for giving us so much help. 四、常见考点：1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 动名词跟在介词后做介词宾语3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，4） 通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C；换成your calling也对）拓展：1、有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand.2、另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.练习【高考真题试析】01 年31 题I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time选B。本题考的是动名词做宾语。因为appreciate 后面只跟名词、动名词或宾语从句，不能跟不定式。01 年39 题Fishing is his favorite hobby, and .A. hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure选D。本句考查的是句子的对称。用and 连接的两个部分应该是对称的。因为前半句用动名词做主语，那么后半句也对应地用动名词作主语，这样的结构比较好。02 年38 题 to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed选C。本题考非谓语动词作主语。在非谓语动词中，只有动名词和不定式能做主语，分词不能做主语。另外，根据意思“被长时间地暴露在阳光下会对人的皮肤有害”，所以要选动名词的被动形式。03 年37 题The discovery of new evidence led to .A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught选C。本题考动名词的复合结构。因为词组lead to（句中是led to）的to 是介词，后面要跟动名词，同时还考虑到the thief 与动词catch 的关系是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式。03 年（春）36 题 the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending选D。通读全题，发现本句缺少主语，而所给的选项中，只有D 合适，即动名词作主语。A，D 两项是从句，但没有连词，所以不行。04 年（春）40 题Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able选C。本题考动名词的复合结构及否定形式。在介词for 后跟的是用动名词复合结构的宾语，所以B, D 两项排除。动名词的否定，not 要放在doing 之前，所以A 项错误。05 年32 题He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost选B。本题考非谓语动词作宾语。在动词risk 之后，习惯用-ing 分词作宾语，所以A、C 两项不考虑。而空格后面有the good opportunity 是lose 的宾语，所以此-ing 分词不可能是被动，所以选B。05 年（春）33 题Accustomed to the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.A. climbing B. climb C. having climbed D. have climed选A。词组accustomed to 的to 是介词，所以后面必须跟动名词。accustomed to 的意思是“习惯于.”。06 年31 题Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use with him.A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued选B。在句型Its no use 后习惯用doing，而非其他。06 年（春）29 题The parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept选C。suggest 后只能跟动名词作宾语。07 年（春）33 题All the staff in our company are considering _ to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone选B。在动词consider 之后，应该用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，而且“考虑去做某事”一定是还没有做，所以不可能选having gone。【练习】1. We cant understand a decision until it is too late.A. him to postpone to makeB. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making2. Its no use with him. You might as well with a stone wall.A. arguing, argueB. to argue, arguingC. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue3. The old mans pity on the snake led to his own death.A. takeB. takingC. being takenD. have4. It is no good todays work for tomorrow.A. to leaveB. leavingC. that you leaveD. leave5. Some peoples greatest pleasure is .A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishD. being fishing6. You didnt hear us come back last night. Thats good. We tried noisy.A. to not beB. not to beC. being notD. not being7. Youll regret those words. You may hurt her feelings.A. sayB. to sayC. saying D. to have said8. You can keep the book until you .A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish readingD. have finished to read9. Id the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having10. Your mother and I are looking forward you.A. of seeingB. for seeingC. to seeD. to seeing11. People couldnt help the foolish girl.A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing atD. laughing12. Remember the book, when you have finished it.A. putting back B. having put backC. to put backD. will put back13. Have you forgotten $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing14. We are looking forward to another chance it again.A. be given, to tryB. have, to tryC. giving, tryingD. having, to try15. - I usually go there by train.- Why not by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going16. - What do you think of the book?- Oh. excellent, its worth a second time.A. to read