高考每日必备多种变化规则.doc

一、形容词变比较级最高级规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful特殊变化二 形容词变副词的一般规则形容词变副词通常是加ly, 其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“元音加e”去e加，“辅音加y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。具体规则如下：1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate-immediately; recent-recently2. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：true-truly; due-duly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加 -ly。如：polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely3. 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy-shyly4.以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如：economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically; automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically;但是public-publicly 例外。5.以 e 结尾的形容词一般+ly但是：1） 以ble , ple, tle结尾时,去e加y，如：simple-simply;considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly2）whole-wholly；true-truly。三 动词第三人称单数变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为iz 如： teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如： gogoes z dodoes z下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：1、do du:does dz2、say seisays sez以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”一起读做iz。 如： closecloses iz be动词包括：am， is， are。第三人称单数用 is；过去式为 was；复数用are，过去式为were.四 动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则 1.一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwanted-wantedact-acted2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-movedtaste-tastedhope-hoped3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedcopy-copiedcry-criedcarry-carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，实际是辅音元音加辅音的结构，如：stop-stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。gowentmakemadegetgotbuy-boughtcomecame fly-flew五 动词过去分词变化规则与不规则变化（一）变化规则：与过去式规则相同。1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look-looked-looked2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move-moved-moved 3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry-carried-carried4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop-stopped-stopped（二）不规则变化：不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。以便准确记忆。 AAB型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打败 ABC 型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文bewas / werebeenbeingis / am是，在beginbeganbegunbeginningbegins开始blowblewblownblowingblows吹breakbrokebrokenbreakingbreaks破裂、折断choosechosechosenchoosingchooses选择dodiddonedoingdoes做、干drawdrewdrawndrawingdraws画画drivedrovedrivendrivingdrives驾驶drinkdrankdrunkdrinkingdrinks喝eatateeateneatingeats吃fallfellfallenfallingfalls落下flyflewflownflyingflies飞forgetforgotforgottenforgettingforgets忘记getgotgottengettinggets到达、得到givegavegivengivinggives给gowentgonegoinggoes去growgrewgrowngrowinggrows成长hidehidhiddenhidinghides隐藏knowknewknownknowingknows知道了解mistakemistookmistakenmistakingmistakes犯错rideroderiddenridingrides骑ringrangrungringingrings响铃riseroserisenrisingrises升起seesawseenseeingsees看到shakeshookshakenshakingshakes摇动singsangsungsingingsings唱speakspokespokenspeakingspeaks讲stealstolestolenstealingsteals偷swimswamswumswimmingswims游泳taketooktakentakingtakes拿、带throwthrewthrownthrowingthrows扔wakewokewokenwakingwakes唤醒wearworewornwearingwears穿戴writewrotewrittenwritingwrites写AAA型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文costcostcostcostingcosts花费cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割hithithithittinghits打、撞hurthurthurthurtinghurts伤害letletletlettinglets让putputputputtingputs放置readreadreadreadingreads读setsetsetsettingsets设置、搭建shutshutshutshuttingshuts关闭 ABA型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文becomebecamebecomebecomingbecomes成为comecamecomecomingcomes来overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes克服runranrunrunningruns跑ABB型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文understandunderstoodunderstoodunderstandingunderstands理解、bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings带来buildbuiltbuiltbuildingbuilds建造burnburned/burntburned/burntburningburns燃烧buyboughtboughtbuyingbuys买catchcaughtcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、赶上dealdealtdealtdealingdeals处理digdugdugdiggingdigs挖feedfedfedfeedingfeeds喂养feelfeltfeltfeelingfeels感觉fightfoughtfoughtfightingfights打架findfoundfoundfindingfinds发现、找到hanghunghunghanginghangs悬挂hearheardheardhearinghears听holdheldheldholdingholds举办keepkeptkeptkeepingkeeps保持learnlearned/learntlearned/learntlearninglearns学习leaveleftleftleavingleaves离开lendlentlentlendinglends借lightlighted/litlightedlightinglights点燃loselostlostlosingloses丢失makemademademakingmakes制造meanmeantmeantmeaningmeans意味meetmetmetmeetingmeets遇见paypaidpaidpayingpays付给saysaidsaidsayingsays说sellsoldsoldsellingsells卖sendsentsentsendingsends送shineshoneshoneshiningshines照耀showshowedshowed/shownshowingshows展示sitsatsatsittingsits坐sleepsleptsleptsleepingsleeps睡觉spendspentspentspendingspends花费、度过standstoodstoodstandingstands站、忍受sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweeps清扫teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教telltoldtoldtellingtells告诉thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks思考winwonwonwinningwins赢得 六 动词现在分词的变化规则：. 一般在动词末尾直接加ing. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e, 再加ing 如:skate - skating have - having ride - riding come - coming make - making dance - dancing write - writing.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母， 应双写末尾的辅音字母，即辅元辅结构，再加ing 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping.以ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y再加ing 如： lie - lying tie - tying die - dying七 可数名词变复数情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读 /s /, 浊辅音和元音后读 / z /bookbooks deskdesksbagbags gamegameskeykeys boyboys以o 结尾的词加 s或-es读 / z /photophotos pianopianostomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以s , sh , ch , x等结尾的词 加 -es读 /I Z /busbuses watchwatchesstomachs除外以ce , se , ze , （d）ge等结尾的词变y为i ，再加-es读 /I Z /pricepricescasecasesorangeoranges以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i , 再加-es读 /z /familyfamiliesstrawberrystrawberriescomedycomediesbabybabiesfamilyfamilies注：少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，如manmen womanwomen ,policemanpolicemen , policewomanpolicewomen , footfeet ，goosegeese ，toothteeth ,sheepshe