如何了解跨文化工具箱.doc

International Business Etiquette and MannersEtiquette, manners, and cross cultural, or intercultural communication have become critical elements required for all International and Global Business executives, managers, and employees. As international, multinational, transnational, multi domestic, and global business continues to expand and bring people closer, the most important element of successful business outcomes may be the appreciation and respect for regional, country, and cultural differences - known as cultural diversity. Learning the skills of proper etiquette, manners, and intercultural communication contained in these pages of the International Business Etiquette and Manners website will give you a wealth of information and resources that you can immediately apply during your international business travels and overseas assignments. In fact, you may want to print a copy to review during your next international flight.This Site is recommended and used by college professors to teach their business school students the importance of understanding the uniqueness of cultures around the world and how to apply the skills of proper business etiquette and manners to become more successful. Geert Hofstedes work on cultural dimensions has been integrated into each Countrys page to help students better understand underlying cultural differences.Each Countrys page on this Site has the following format:IntroductionBrief description of the countrys population, cultural heritage, language, and religion.Fun FactsSpecial or unique notes, thoughts, or comments about the countryGeert HofstedeAnalysisHaving insight into the cultural dynamics of a country or region can be very helpful to understand why people act the way they do, and the appropriate way you should act while in that country. To assist with this understanding, each country page contains a Geert Hofstede Analysis. Geert Hofstede developed a model that identifies four primary dimensions to differentiate cultures. Explanation of Geert Hofstede DimensionsAppearanceHighlights business etiquette dos and donts involving Dress, Clothing, Body Language, and Gestures.BehaviorHighlights business etiquette dos and donts involving Dining, Gift-giving, Meetings, Customs, Protocol, Negotiation, and General behavioral guidelines.CommunicationHighlights business etiquette dos and donts involving Greetings, Introductions, and Conversational guidelines. Resources A guide is located at the bottom of each Countrys Page listing Books and Websites applicable to that Country.如何了解“跨文化工具箱”？首先让我们了解什么是文化，根据世界著名跨文化与管理专家 的定义，文化是一个人群的成员赖以区别于另一人群成员的共同思维方式，价值观是文化的基石。为了让人们更好地了解文化，把文化比喻成洋葱，有很多层。最外表的一层称象征物，如服装、语言、建筑物等等，人的肉眼能够很容易看见；第二层是英雄人物性格，在一种文化里，人们所崇拜英雄的性格代表了此文化里大多数人的性格，因此了解英雄的性格很大程度上也就了解英雄所在文化的民族性格；第三层是礼仪，礼仪是每种文化里对待人和自然的独特表示方式，如中国文化中，主要场合，吃饭时的位置安排，很有讲究，又比如日本人的鞠躬和进门脱鞋；最里面的一层是价值观，指人们相信什么是真、善、美的抽象观念，也是文化中最深邃、最难理解的部分。the Battle of Thermopylae “异乡的过客啊， 请带话给斯巴达人， 说我们踏实地履行了诺言， 长眠在这里。” 这是矗立在希腊德摩比勒隘口（俗称温泉关），纪念公元前480年温泉关战役的一尊狮子状纪念碑上镌刻的铭文。温泉关之战是第一次波希战争中的马拉松战役之后第10年，波斯帝国和古希腊的又一次具有历史意义的交锋。希腊军队在这个狭小的关隘整整抵抗了3天，阻挡了在数量上几十倍于自己的波斯军队。【温泉关战役对文化的影响】 文学长期以来，温泉关之战一直是西方历史文学中长久不衰的主题之一，这个悲壮的故事被书写成多种文字，以诗歌、传记、谚语的方式流传下来。人们赞美和歌颂这些英勇不屈，视死如归的希腊英雄。他们的事迹作为一种精神通过人们的记载永世长存。目前主要的叙述温泉关战役的书有：Green, Peter (1996). The Greco-Persian Wars. （希波战争），University of California PressBradford, Ernle (2004). Thermopylae: The Battle for the West. Da Capo PressCartledge, Paul (2006). Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed the World. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook PressMorris, Ian Macgregor (2000). To Make a New Thermopylae: Hellenism, Greek Liberation, and the Battle of Thermopylae. Greece & Rome 大众媒体电视电影1.斯巴达三百勇士，推出时间1962年，一部较为真实反映温泉关战役的电影，由20世纪福克斯公司和希腊政府合作完成。片中由著名演员理查德埃根出演斯巴达国王列奥尼达。2. 300，推出时间2007年，一部基于弗兰克米勒的著名漫画300改编的娱乐电影，由华纳兄弟公司出品。此片运用了先进发达的电脑特技，极度渲染了温泉关战役的血腥程度，也