分词作状语用法.doc

分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。一、现在分词作状语一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she cant go to work today.The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing二、现在分词的时态语态1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time.3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.1. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. SufferedB. Suffering C. Having sufferedD. Being suffered2. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help二、过去分词作状语过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1_ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See2. _ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别1. 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。2. V-ing表示主动、进行的动作；2. 过去分词表示被动。Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood.1. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited2. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left3._ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms.A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted4. The children ran out of the room, _. A laughed and jumped B To laugh and jump C laughing and jumpingD laugh and jump用所给词的适当形式填空1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player.3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.3、连词+分词做状语：分词做状语常和某些连词连用，表示分词是做什么状语，常见的和分词连用的连词有When，because，if，though，once，unless等。1. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken2_, this film can never been forgotten. A Once seeing Bonce having seen C Once seen D Once to see四、分词作状语相当于状语从句分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。一、用作时间状语，分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成由when, while, after, before等引导时间状语从句。典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. =When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. 高考实例When _different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. comparedB. being compared C. comparingD. having compared二、用作原因状语，分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。Being very weak, she couldnt move.=As she was very weak, she couldnt move. 高考实例(1) _with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face(2) _for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed三、用作条件状语，分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句。典型例句Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. Given more time, we could have done it better. =If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.高考实例_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given四、用作让步状语，分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter等引导的让步状语从句。Although living miles away, he attended the course. =Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 高考实例No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performingC. to be performedD. being performed五、用作伴随状语，表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. Dont you sit there doing nothing. He came in, followed by his wife. 高考实例(1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought六、用作结果状语，分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句。典型例句He died, leaving his wife with five children. =He died and left his wife with five children. 高考实例(1) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted (2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching课后练习题1. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left2. _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.A. To look B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at3. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited4. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given5. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed6. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists阅读1(2012陕西省高考卷)【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between .A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .A. relatively high B. extremely lowC. relatively low D. extremely high53. What can we learn from the text?A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.56. The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain阅读2In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates (应试者) for the doctors degree.Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modem industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an auto