英语代词的用法整编.doc

英语代词的用法全归纳一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、人称代词的用法1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are in the room.The doy is small. It is Toms.2) 人称代词的句法功能A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)She and I are good friends(主语).Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语)?It might have been she.C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。如：I saw him at the party(宾语).I havent seen them recently.(宾语)I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)=I bought them a book.(间接宾语)注意：a.在口语中，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。如：It cant be he/him.Is this Mr. Green?Yes, this is he/him.b. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。如：He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。You know more than she/her.She is as tall as me (I am).c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如：“I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”Who did it?Them.(=They did it)人称代词的易错点请看看下面这道题：To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.A. us B. we C. our D. ours此题答案选A， 易错点一 忽略人称代词后接名词作同位语的用法1. Its necessary for _ students to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.A. us B. we C. our D. ours2. The boss wants _ girls to go to the airport to pick up the companys guests.A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself易错点二 忽略人称代词在口语中的特殊用法和固定表达口语中表示“我也一样”时，可用me too；表示“我也一样不”时，可用me either或me neither。如：Id like to go back in here. 我想回到这里来。Me too. 我也想。I dont like horror movies. 我不喜欢恐怖片。Me neither. 我也不喜欢。I dont have any money right now. 我现在没有一分钱。Me either. 我也一样。类似地，若要表示“我们也一样”，则可用us too。如：Im glad its Friday. 我很高兴今天是星期五。Us too! 我们也高兴!I dont feel like going out this evening. Me neither. A. Me too B. Me also C. Me other D. Me neither.注：单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。如：“I like English.” “Me too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”易错点三 忽略人称代词与名词性物主代词的细节区别请看下面几道题：1. Whose telephone rang?_.A. Me was B. Me did C. Mine was D. Mine did答案选D。2. _ a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding. A. They were B. They being C. Theirs was D. Theirs being答案选C。易错点四 忽略人称代词与关系代词的区别1. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (安徽卷)A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom答案选D。2. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which答案选D。(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that(2) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that三、物主代词的用法英语代词用法详解物主代词 1. 两种物主代词物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词就相当于一个形容词，在句子中只能做句子的定语，对名词进行修饰和限制；而名词性物主代词则相当于一个名词，在句子中可做主语、宾语、和表语。形式如下表：人称单复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单 数mymine复 数ourours第二人称单 数youryours复 数youryours第三人称单 数hishisherhersits无复 数theirtheirs2. 物主代词用法（1）名词性物主代词A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。如：The umbrella is mine.He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s属格结构.如： Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。如：Your English is better than my English. = Your English is better than mine. 你的英语比我的英语好。(2) 有时，汉语中用物主代词，而英语中却要用定冠词。如：He hit her in the face. 他打在她的脸上。(其中的 the 不宜改为 her)(3) 英语中有许多习惯用语要用物主代词。如：do ones best 尽力 try ones best 尽力earn ones bread 维持生活 hold ones breath 屏息eat ones words 收回前言 in ones best 穿着节日盛装注：有的习语用不用物主代词均可，且意义相同，如 save (ones) face(挽回面子)；而有的习语用不用物主代词均可，但意义不同，如 lose heart(灰心)与 lose ones heart(倾心于)。3、物主代词与own 连用（1）为了强调，有时可在物主代词后加上own一词。如：Mind your own business. 别管闲事。I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。She had made her own tragedy. 她造成了自己的悲剧。Her private morality is her own business. 她的个人品德是她自己的事。Im a human being. I can stand on my own feet. 我是人，我可以自立。He referred his wealth to his own hard work. 他把他的致富归功于他辛勤的工作。I feel that I knew about the value of my own work. 我感觉我了解我自己工作的价值。（2）ones own的用法有可用 of ones own 置于名词后作定语。特别强调所有关系时，可以在任何所有格形容词 (而不是代词) 后面加上own。这样构成的词组可以起所有格形容词 (如my own room) 或所有格代词 (如it is my own) 的作用。我们还经常用a / an+名词+of ones own来代替ones own+名词。如：We have no children of our own. 我们没有自己的孩子。I wish I had a little lab of my own. 但愿我有自己的一间小实验室。We would be glad to have money of our own. 我们愿意有自己的钱。These professors had opinions of their own. 这些教授们有合己的看法。I hope to have a room of my own. / I hope to have my own house. 我希望有自己的房子。Our cat has its own corner / a corner of its own in this room. 我们的小猫在这个房间里有它自己的一角。如再进一步强调则可加上veryId love to have my very own room / a room of my very own. 我喜欢有一个完全属于我自己的房间。我们可以说ones own room或者a room of ones own, 但我们不能用one作 (my) own之后的支撑词。如：别用我的梳子，用你自己的。正：Dont use my comb. Use your own. 误：Dont use my comb. Use your own one. 四、反身代词的用法1. 反身代词的形式反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self / selves”构成；第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + self / selves”构成。见下表：单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself / herself /itselfthemselves反身代词的用法 1. 作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如：He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。She was talking to herself.她自言自语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。2. 作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。如：Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗？(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)3. 作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如：Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。4. 用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如：Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!Make yourself at home! 别客气！Dont upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼！Make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。构成习语for oneself 给(为)自己，独自 to oneself 对自己say to oneself 心里想 talk / speak to oneself 自言自语come to oneself 苏醒过来 absent oneself 缺席beside oneself 失常，若狂 by oneself 独自地，单独地of oneself 独自，自发地5. 用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as.as等)：My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。Jims sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。五、相互代词的用法相互代词的用法归纳一、相互代词的形式与用法英语的相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。如：each otherWe dont see much of each other. 我们不常见面。We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。We may never see each other again. 我们可能永远不会再见。They soon fell in love with each other. 他们不久就互相爱上了。The sea and the sky seem to melt into each other. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。one anotherThey respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。You look as though you know one another. 你们看起来像是互相认识。They were very pleased with one another. 他们相互很喜欢。二、使用相互代词注意点1. 相互代词在句中通常只用作宾语，不可用作主语，所以以相互代词为宾语的句子不能变为被动语态。2. 不要将相互代词误认为是副词，将其用作状语，如可说 talk to each other，但不能说 talk each other。3. 相互代词可以有所有格形式：(each others, one anothers)。The students borrowed each others notes. 学生们互相借笔记。They often stay in one anothers houses. 他们常常在彼此家里住。I hope that you all enjoy each others company. 我希望你们在一起过得愉快。I hope that you all enjoy each others company. 我希望你们在一起过得愉快。They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 他们默默地对视了一会儿。Theyll sit h hours looking into each others (one anothers) eyes. 他们有时对坐几小时望着彼此的眼睛。4. 有时可分开用：We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道对方的想法。Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home. 每个人都设法想说服对方留在家里。5. 有人认为，each other用于两者，one another用于三者，但在现代英语中两者常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。6、 指示代词的用法一、指示代词概说在英语中表示“这(这)，那(些)”的代词叫指示代词，它们主要包括this, these, that, those 四个。见下表：单数复数近 指thisthese远 指thatthose1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数 复数限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are myteachers.代 词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2） 指示代词的句法功能它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。一般说来，this, these表“近指”，而that, those则“远指”。This is my book.(主语)I want that.(宾语)My book is that.(表语)I like that dress.(定语)二、指示代词的考点：1.指示代词的替代用法：1）. 为避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。The population of China is much larger that that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that = the population)His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those = the views)My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。The weather of Beijing is just as cold as that of Lanzhou, but colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的气候和兰州一样冷，但比上海冷。A dogs intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比猫的高得多。The dialect in one town may he quite different from that of the next town. 一个城镇的方言可能与另一个城镇很不相同。Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。2）. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this或that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如：She married Jim, and this that surprised me. 她嫁给了吉姆，这使我感到很吃惊。She is a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点：她美吗?He was nearly drowned once. When was _?_was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This3） 指示代词用作主语和定语时，可指人或物；用作宾语和表语时，只指物。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句，而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。this和 these两个指示代词习惯上不接定语从句。如：（对）That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）（对）He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）（错）He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）（对）I bought this.我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语） He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） （错） He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人） （对）He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。一般说来，that后接which引导的定语从句，those后接who引导的定语从句。（1）、注意those who的用法those who中的who为关系代词，用以引导定语从句，其意为“的那些人”。如：Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。（2）、注意that which的用法that which中的which为关系代词，用以引导定语从句，其意为“的事或物”，这是一种比较正式的用法，它通常可以用what代之。如：That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。That which (=What) I say and do is my own affair. 我说什么做什么是我自己的事。They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。2.指示代词的电话指代在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：不用I或you。Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?“Whos that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位？”“我是玛丽。”3.可用作副词除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这么”、“那么”，相当于 so。如：Ive done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?Is the problem that easy? 问题有那么简单吗?The fish I caught was this big. 我捕到的那条鱼有这么大。It isnt