高二英语Unit5TheBritishIsles知识点总复习.doc

高二英语Unit5 The British Isles知识点总复习Section I 课前准备、听力、口语1. Name five important cities in the United Kingdom. 说出联合王国(即英国)中五座重要城市的名字。(p.33 Warming Up Ex.2)name动词，意为“说出的名称(名字)；给取名，命名；任命，提名；决定，说定”等。如： Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden? 你能叫得出这个花园的所有花草树木的名称吗? The couple named the child Dick. 这对夫妇给孩子取名迪克。 Mr. Michael has been named as the new manager. 迈克尔先生被任命为新的经理。 Please name the day for our wedding. 请(你)决定我们婚礼的日子。【拓展】name构成的短语：worth (worthy of) the name名副其实的；in the name of凭的权威；以的名义；call sb. names辱骂某人；name. after . 以名字命名；name sb. for提名某人担任(某职务)；know sb. by name仅仅知道某人的名字(没有见过面)2. The conversation workshop is taught on Wednesday afternoon. 谈话技巧研讨会的上课时间是星期三的下午。(p.33 Listening Ex.1 No. 1)1) 上句中workshop的词义并非“车间；工厂；作坊；工作室”之意，而是“研习会，专题学术讨论会”的意思。2) 介词on表示时间的用法： (1) 用在“日期 (date)，几号”和“星期几”之前。如：on July 1st (= on the first of July)在7月l号(那一天)；on Wednesday在星期三；on Sundays每逢星期天 (2) 用在“特定”的早、晚、日间、上午、下午等之间。如： on the morningafternoonnight of Oct. 1st 在10月1日的上午下午晚上；on a cold night in January在一月的一个寒冷的夜晚；on the eve of the war在战争前夕； on New Years Day在新年(那天) (3) 用在某些动名词之前，作“在之时”讲。如： They greeted us on our arrival. 他们在我们到达时迎接了我们。 Ill show you the book on my return. 我一回来就让你看一下这本书。He got married immediately on his graduation. 他一毕业就结了婚。(4) 用在某些动名词之前，作“一就”讲。如： On arriving at my destination, I went to see my friend. 一到目的地，我便去看我的朋友。 On leaving school, he went into business. 一毕业，他便经起商来。 On hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 一听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。(5) 和occasionopportunity等词连用，表示“在某一特殊的时机或场合”。如： I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion. 值此佳期，我奉上对你最美好的祝愿。 I will have a word with him on the first opportunity. 一有机会，我要跟他聊聊。 3. What are the opening hours of the language lab? 语言实验室的开门时间是几点到几点? (p.34 Listening Ex.3 No. 3)上句中opening是形容词，意为“第一次的，开头的，开始的，开幕的”。另外，opening亦可用作名词，意为“开放，开始，口子，通路”等。如： His opening remarks are very attractive. 他的开场白很有吸引力。The opening hours of the banks there are different. 那儿的银行的开门营业时间不一样。 This is the opening of the new play. 这是这部新戏的首场演出。 He attended the opening of the new museum. 他出席了新博物馆的开幕典礼。 He put a gate across the opening in the fence. 他在围墙的开口处安了一个门。4. Try to reach agreement on main points.尽量在主要观点上达成一致。(p.34 Speaking)上句中的agreement意为“同意，一致，协议”。常构成如下词组： (1) in agreement onuponabout在关于”意见一致；(语法)相一致，呼应 We are in agreement on that point.关于那一点我们意见一致。 They are still not in agreement about the plan. 他们在这个计划上意见还是不一致。 The predicate should be in agreement with the subject in person and number. 谓语和主语应该在人称和数方面保持一致。(2) come to (arrive at, reach, make) an agreement with sb. 与某人达成协议。 They have made an agreement about the plan. 他们在这个计划上意见一致了 An agreement should be reached immediately with the company on that point. 关于那一点应该与那家公司尽快达成协议。5. Other people think geography is confusing and difficult to learn. 其他人认为地理课使人感到混乱无序，很难学 (p.34 Speaking Ex. 2 第二行)confusing (adj.)令人糊涂的，使人混乱的；confuse (vt.) 使混乱，使糊涂；confused (adj.) (某人)糊涂的，搞混乱的；confuse sb.sth. with sb. sth. 把和弄混。如： That is exactly to confuse black with white. 那简直是混淆黑白。 We tried to confuse the enemy.我们试图迷惑敌人。 They asked me so many questions that I got confused. 他们问了我许许多多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。 Dont confuse Austria with Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。 He was (became, got) confused with his mistake. 他因犯了错误而不知所措。6. The Group of Eight (G8) consists of the eight richest countries in the world. 八国集团(G8)是由世界上八个最富有的国家组成的。(p.34 Speaking Ex. 3 第一行)consist of意为“由组成”。(= include; be made up of) The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。 His job consists of helping old people who live alone. 他的工作包括帮助独居老人。 Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。 The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十名成员组成。7. Do island nations have advantages over other countries? 岛国(在此方面)比其他国家拥有更有利的条件吗? (p.34 Speaking Ex. 3 倒数第二行)advantage优势，长处；have an advantage over 胜过，优于；take advantage of利用 In learning English, she has an advantage because her mother is English. 在学英语方面她有一个有利条件，她妈妈是英国人。 At the end of an hours play the advantage lay definitely with him. 经过一个小时的比赛，他已肯定取得优势。 In playing basketball, Yao Ming has an obvious advantage over others. 在篮球方面姚明比其他人有明显的有利条件。 We should take advantage of all educational opportunities.我们应该好好利用一切教育机会。Section 阅读8. The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, Speakers Corner and Tower of London is past.仅仅把英国跟其象征物鱼和油炸土豆片、讲演角、大本钟和伦敦塔联系在一起的观点已经过时了。(p.35 Reading 第一段第1行)(1)上句中的that所引导的从句是同位语从句；stand for代表，象征，支持，主张。如： WTO stands for World Trade Organization. WTO代表世界贸易组织。 What does N. B. stand for? N. B.代表什么? We stand for self-reliance.我们主张自力更生。(2) past n. 过去，往事；adj. 过去的，结束的；prep. 越过，晚于如： Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China. 古为今用，洋为中用。 Winter is past. 冬天结束了。 His youth is past. 他的青春已过。 The old generation can never forget the past suffering. 老一代人永远也不会忘记过去的苦难。 He waved as he walked past. 他走过时挥着手。 The boys rushed past us.这些男孩子赶上我们走到前面去了。9. Within the UK for many years now, there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity.近许多年以来，在联合王国内一直有一股潮流，即充分利用国内自身的文化多样性。(p.35 Reading 第一段第3行)(1)上句中within是介词，意为“在之内，不越出”。再如： Within these old walls there was once a town. 在这些旧城墙里面曾经有一座城市。 My house is within walking distance of my university. 我家离我工作的大学很近，走过去了。 He lives within 20 minutes walk. 他住的地方走20分钟就到。 By the use of X rays, doctors can see with in the body. 医生用X光可以看到人体内部。 He learned to speak English within six months!他在六个月之内学会了英语。 She felt the anger mounting up within her.他感到怒火从心头燃起。(2) make the most of ( = make the best of)尽量利用，充分利用，尽量往好里干。如： We should make the most of the fine weather.我们要充分利用这样的好机会。 We should try to make the best of our stay here.我们要尽量利用我们在这里的这段时间。 They taught us how to burn a piece of coal to make the most of it.他们教我们怎样烧媒，使每块煤发挥最大的作用。10. The British Isles is a group of islands that lie off the west coast of Europe. 不列颠群岛是散落在稍离欧洲大陆西海岸的岛屿群。(p.35 Reading 第二段第1行)(1)句中off在此是介词，意为“(岛屿，船等)离开(陆地)；从离开(脱离，去掉)”。如： The island is three miles off the coast of southeast.这座岛屿离东南海岸线三英里。 The ship anchored off the island. 船在岛外抛锚。 The rain ran off the roof. 雨水从屋顶流下来。 Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。 The house stands miles off the main road. 那所房子离大路好几英里远。(2) coast海岸(线)；beach海滩 (相对平坦，宜于游泳、日光浴等)；shore海滨(边)，湖边(笼统指平坦或突兀陡峭的岸边)。如： I like lying on the beach enjoying the sunbath. 我喜欢躺在沙滩上，享受日光浴。 After the storm there was a lot of driftwood washed up on the shore. 暴风雨过后，许多杂物被冲到岸上。 Looking down from the plane，we can see the Dutch coast.我们从飞机上往下看，可以看见荷兰的海岸线。11. In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain. 一般来说，一年中苏格兰更加寒冷一些，雨下得更多一些。(p.35 Reading 第三段第1行)(1) in general“通常，大体上，一般而言”，通常用于概括，类似概括的词语还有：on the whole总的说来，as a rule通常，in most cases多数情况下，in many cases在许多情况下，broadly speaking广义地讲，mostly多半，通常。(2) throughout the year中的throughout( = all through)是介词，意为“遍及，贯穿，从头到尾，自始至终”。如： He is famous throughout the world. 他闻名于世界。 It rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。 The road is kept open throughout the year. 这条路全年开通。12. In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and the north can be as much as nine degrees! 夏季的几个月里，伦敦和北部的温差可高达九度! (p.35 Reading 第三段 倒数第3行)as much as与差不多；多达(表示“量”上的比较)；as many as多达(表示“数目”上的比较)；as far as远至(到)；as long as长达。如： The difference between his income and mine can be as much as 1,000 yuan at least.我和他的收入差额至少是1, 000元。 As many as 100, 000 people watched the boxing game. 足有100,000人观看了这场拳击赛。 They walked as far as the sea-shore.他们步行远到海边。13. Their languages formed the basis for English. 他们的语言构成了英语的主要成分。(p.36 Reading 第一段第1行)form the basis for“构成的主要成分；为(形成构成)打下基础”，basis“基础，基本，根据，主要成分(或要素)”。如： What is the basis of your opinion? 你的观点的根据是什么? The basis of this drink is orange juice.这种饮料的主要成分是橘子汁。【比较】(1) base意为“基础，基地”，常指工业基地或军事基地。(2) basis“根据，基础”，指讨论、推断所依据的根据。14. There are six spoken languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents. 加上两种地方性口音，有六种口头语言被认为源于不列颠诸岛。(p.36 Reading 第后一段第2行)1) that引起的从句是定语从句。consider可以有如下几种结构：(1) consider + v. -ing动名词形式 (= think seriously of doing sth.) Would you consider working in Australia?你愿考虑在澳大利亚工作吗? Ive never really considered getting married. 我从未真正考虑过结婚的事。(2) consider + 宾语 (= as)(= think of sb.sth. as) He always considered her (as) his real mother. 他一向把她视为自己的亲生母亲。 He was considered as a kind of god by the natives. 他被当地人看作是神仙。(3) consider + 宾语 (= to be) (= have the opinion that sb. sth. is.) 如：I consider Yao Ming (to be) one of the finest basketball players alive today. 我认为姚明是当今最优秀的篮球运动员之一。(4) consider + that-clause 如：I considerthink that Yao Ming is one of the finest basketball players alive today. 我认为姚明是当今最优秀的篮球运动员之一。2) native n本地人；adj. 本地的，土生土长的，(常与to连用) 本地产的。如： He is a native of Beijing. 他是北京人。 Banana is native to Taiwan. 香蕉是台湾的土(特)产。3) accent n. 方言，口音，腔调，重音。如： He speaks English with a strong Russian accent. 他说英语带有浓重的俄罗斯口音。 She told me her story in broken accent. 她泣不成声地告诉我她的经历。15. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. 现在大部分本土语言正受到威胁甚至可能消失，这对于英国人民来说是一个严重的问题。(p.36 Reading 第后一段倒数第4行)That most ofmay disappear是主语从句：that是引导词。注意：引导主语从句的that虽然没有任何实际意义，也不起任何语法上作用，但是不可省略。另外，为了匀称句子，常常用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置 (如例句)。如： That 2008 Olympic Games will be held in China has been already decided. 2008年奥林匹克运动会将在中国举行已经决定下来了。 It has been already decided that 2008 Olympic Games will be held in China. (it形式主语) 2008年奥林匹克运动会将在中国举行已经决定下来了。Section III 词汇、语法、综合技能16. Dont judge a person only on the basis of appearance. 判断一个人不能仅仅依靠其相貌。(p.37 Language Study Ex. 8)(1) judge n法官，审判员，裁判员，鉴赏家；优，判断，鉴定，断定，认为。如： Im no judge of music. 我对音乐是外行。 Shes a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。 Whos judging the races? 谁是比赛的裁判? Who will judge the next case?谁将审理下个案子? Dont judge a person byfrom his appear- ance. 不要以貌取人。 Judging from what he has said，we consider him right. 从他说的看来，我们认为他是正确的。(2) on the basis of . 以为基础 如：He drew that conclusion on the basis of the facts. 他是以事实为基础得出那个结论的。17. The news that the plane will take off on time made everybody happy. 飞机将准时起飞的消息使大家很高兴。(p.38 Grammar Ex. 2 No.1)that . on time为同位语从句，take off (飞机) 起飞；脱掉(衣服)；休假。如： The nursery teacher often leads her children to watch aircrafts take off or land.幼儿园教师经常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或降落。 I take my hat off to him for the way he arranged the party. 我对他安排社交聚会的方式表示佩服。 Im taking off three days during May. 五月份我将会休假三天。18. Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet. 在英国三分之二的女孩在节食。(p.38 Grammar Ex. 3 No.1)be on a diet节食，吃限定食物：go on a diet节食，吃限定食物。如： People who are on a diet mustnt have chocolate. 正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。 The patient is on a diet. 这病人的饮食有限制。 He went on a diet a week ago. 他在一星期前开始节食。 No sugar in my coffee, please, Im dieting请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。19. All around the city of Salisbury, as far as twenty- two miles to the west, and six miles south, down to the coast, farmers raise sheep. 索尔兹伯里的 四周，西去二十二英里之远，往南六英里，一直到海边，那里的农民都养羊。(p.39 Integrating Skills 第一段 第2行)1) 此处as far as意为“远到，直到” and six miles (to the) south就省略了to the；2) down意为 “向下(依地图)，向南”；raise饲养。down (adv. & prep.)的用法尚有：(1) (体积)由大到小；(数量)由多到少；(声音)由强到弱；(地位)由高到低等。如： My rubber has been worn down. 我的橡皮快用完了。 Turn down the radio. 把收音机调小一点。(2) (从北到南；从西到东；从中央到地方；从内地到沿海；从城市到乡村)往(在)下方；往市区(或市内商业区)，在市区(或市商业区)。如： He flew down to London from Glasgow. 他从格拉斯哥向南飞往伦敦。 Lets go down to the coastcountry. 咱们到海边乡下去。 Does this bug go down (town)? 这辆公共汽车是开往市区的吗?20. There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the centre. 以索尔兹伯里市为中心的六英里范围内(农民) 所饲养的绵羊可能多达60万头，真可谓绵羊遍地跑啊! (p.39 Integrating Skills 第一段 第3行)1) could表示推测； as many as和一样多，多达；fed within six miles of Salisbury为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰sheep；measuring every way round and the town in the centre意为“ (这些绵羊每天)走过周围的每条道路和位于中心区域的市镇”，此短语为现在分词短语作非限制性定语，修饰sheep。2) measure的用法如下：(1) n. 尺寸，尺度，测量，措施如： An inch is a measure of length.英寸是长度单位。 What measures shall we take to catch the thief?我们采取什么措施抓住那个贼? They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。 (2) vi. vt. 有的尺寸；测量，仔细考虑 (掂量，斟酌)；前进，经过(一段距离) 如： The room measures five meters across. 这房间有5米宽。 Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have. 母亲给我量尺寸，好知道我该穿多大号的衣服。 The largest measured wave in history rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of thirty-four meters. 历史上所测到的最大波浪在太平洋中高达34米。 She works hard and doesnt measure the cost to her health. 她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。 He measures his words with caution. 他仔细斟酌着字句。We must measure twenty miles today. 我今天必须走20英里。21. He approached Salisbury from the east. 他 (丹尼尔笛福) 是从东边走近索尔兹伯里的。(p.40 Writing) approach (1) n. 靠近，走进，方法，途径 The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天快到了，天气要转冷了。 All approaches were blocked. 所有道路都堵塞了。 He presented a new approach. 他提出一个新的方法。(2) vi. & vt. 走近，靠近；着手(考虑)处理；(因事)找或接近(某人) 如： National Day is approaching. 国庆节就要到来了。 He approached the problem with caution.他开始认真地考虑那个问题。 Then I approached him on the matter. 这时我就去找他谈这件事。 He is rather difficult to approach. 他不太好接近。【单元语法】2. that引导名词性从旬 (1) that引导同位语从句 同位语从句常用that引导，与其同位的名词常有：news，fact，hope，idea，suggestion，promise，thought，doubt，belief，truth，request (要求)，proposal (提议，建议)，demand等。例如： The fact that he won the first place cant be denied. 他取得第一名的事