状语从句和名词性从句.ppt

状语从句,专项复习,状语从句,时间状语从句 原因状语从句 地点状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句,状语从句有九种， 时地原因条状补， 目比结果方让步， 连词引导各不同； 主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后， 从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗。,while i was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( ) 2. where there is a will, there is a way. ( ) 3. now that/since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （ ） 4. ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( ) 5. so clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( ) 6. as long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( ) 7. try as he might, he could not find a job. ( ) 8. the old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. ( ),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式,状语从句的分类,时间状语从句,引导词可分为两部分,when as while before after until (till) since as soon as,every time next time the first/last time the moment the minute instantly immediately directly (一就),原因状语从句,because since as for now that considering (that) seeing (that),既然,考虑到鉴于,鉴于由于既然因为,目的状语从句,where/ wherever,e.g. wuhan lies where the yangtze and the han river meet.,地点状语从句,so that in order that in case for fear that (生怕，以免） lest,让步状语从句,）though/ although even if/ even though,（尽管，虽然）,（即便）,though/ although,主句前可用yet, 常省略,e.g. though it sounds strange, yet it is true.,倒装句和独立副词放句末只能用though,e.g. strange though it may seem, he remained single all his life. it was hard work. i enjoyed it, though.,(但是不过）,） whoever/no matter who whatever/ no matter what whenever/ no matter when ,e.g. late as it was, they kept on working. child as he is, he knows a lot. much as i admire his father, i dont like john. try as you may, you might fail as well. borrow the book as you may, you must return it on time.,）as倒装“虽然尽管”,比较状语从句,than / as从句中常有成分省略,e.g. the project was completed earlier than (it was) expected. he worked as fast as a skilled worker (worked). repeat this as often as (it is ) necessary. then see a doctor as soon as (it is) possible.,方式状语从句,as as if/ as though,依照如像,仿佛/就象似的,e.g. there black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished. he kept working as if/ as though nothing had happened.,考点与难点归纳,考点与难点归纳,1、各种从属连词的含义及用法 比较； 2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引 导的从句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。,考点,难点,1. 时间状语从句 1. (04北京春) we were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. a. when b. while c. until d. before 2. (02上海) he was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. a. as b. until c. while d. when 3. (05上海) he transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. a. where b. when c. that d. until 4. (05福建) did jack come back early last night? yes. it was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. a. before b. when c. that d. until 5. (06辽宁) he was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. a. why b. where c. when d. while,a,d,b,b,c,6. (06天津) the cost of living in glasgow is among the lowest in britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. a. since b. when c. as d. while 7. (04年江苏) _ i accept that he is not perfect, i do actually like the person. a. while b. since c. before d. unless,连接词while的用法小结,1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。,d,a,问题3: 1. (01北京春)did you remember to give mary the money you owed her? yes. i gave it to her _ i saw her. a. while b. the moment c. suddenly d. once 2. (1998上海) i thought her nice and honest _ i met her. a. first time b. for the first time c. the first time d. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. a. he hardly had b. had he hardly c. hardly had he d. hardly he had,b,c,c,小结： 1一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 i didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 2一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 the day he returned home, his father was already dead. next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。 hardly had i got home when it began to rain.,问题4: 1. (03北京春) was his father very strict with him when he was at school? yes. he had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. a. after b. unless c. until d. when 2. (03上海) a good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. a. when b. unless c. after d. until 3. it was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ i realized she was a famous film star. a. when; that b. until; that c. until; when d. when; then,c,d,b,连接词before的小结： 一、含义 1 we had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2 we hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3 please write it down before you forget it. 4before i could get in a word, he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： before they reached the station, the train had gone.,三1）句型it will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” 如：it will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）句型it will be/was not一段时间before“不多久就” 如： it wasnt two years before he left the country. 3）句型it is段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的 动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： it is three years since she was in the army. it is three years since she joined the army.,2、条件状语从句 问题1： 1、the wto cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国） aas long as bwhile cif deven though 2、 it is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） a. unless b. whenever c. although d. if,c,a,unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。,问题2： 1、_ i can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） a. as long as b. as far as c. just as d. even if 2、i always take something to read when i go to the doctors _ i have to wait. （05全国卷3） ain case bso that cin order das if,b,a,as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用b。in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。,3、让步状语从句 问题1： 1、 _ i accept that he is not perfect, i do actually like the person. （04江苏） a. while b. since c. before d. unless 2、allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） a. until b. even if c. unless d. as though,a,b,while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,问题2： 1、 he tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. （05天津卷） a. however b. no matter c. whatever d although 2、the old tower must be saved, _the cost. （05浙江） ahowever bwhatever cwhichever dwherever,a,b,no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别： no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。 如: no matter when / whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， no matter wh-不能。如： whatever i can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. whoever can help us will be welcome.,4. 状语从句的时态问题 问题1： 1、the house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全国iv） a has done b is doing c does d had done 2、it is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季） a. before b. since c. after d. when,在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将 来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将 来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般 过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。,c,b,5、状语从句的倒装问题 问题1： 1、so difficult _ it to live in an english-speaking country that i determined to learn english. (01 上海) a. i have felt b. have i felt c. i did feel d. did i feel 2、not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 nmet) a. did the villagers realize b. the villagers realized c. the villagers did realize d. didnt the villagers realize,状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头； so 加 adj. 开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。,d,a,hardly when no sooner than child as he is, hardly had he got to the station when the train left. no sooner had he got to the station than the train left. child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages。,特别注意：,6、状语从句与并列句的区别 问题1： 1、though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man a. yet b. but c. and d. and yet 2、 excuse me for breaking in, _ i have some news for you. (nmet02) a. so b. and c. but d. yet,题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题为 并列句，而“excuse , but ”为一固定搭配。在复习中要 细心的分析句子结构和成分。,a,c,对比训练与巩固,1. we were about to leave_ it began to rain. 2. she thought i was talking about her son, _, in fact, i was talking about my son. 3. hardly had i finished my composition _ the bell rang. a. when b. while c. as d. during,对比训练 ,a,b,a,1. child _ she is, she knows a lot. 2. he did the experient _ he was told. 3. the pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. a. during b. as c. so d. though e. both b and c,对比训练 ,e,b,b,1. he would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town. 2. we decide to finish the work on time, _ happens. 3. if we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. 4. ill give the book to _ likes english. a. whenever b. whoever c. whatever d. however,对比训练 ,a,c,d,b,对比训练 ,1. it will be years _ we meet again. 2. it is ten years _ i came to this town. 3. it is ten years ago _ i came to this town 4.it is 1986_his first novel came out. a. when b. that c. before d. since,c,d,b,a,对比训练 5,go and get your coat. it is _ you left it. 2. you are free to go _ you like. a. there b. where c. wherever d. when,b,c,1. the article is written in such easy english _ all of us can read it. 2. the article is written in such easy english _ all of us can read. a. that b. which c. as d. so that,对比训练 6,c,a,对比训练 7,1. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is. 2. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. 3. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is. 4. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. a. what b. how c. however d. whatever,b,c,d,a,名词性从句,专项复习,noun clause: functions as a noun in a sentence.,question: what is the function of a noun in a sentence? 名词在句中可以充当什么成分?,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,what kind of clauses are they?,what the driver of the yellow car did made me extremely angry. why she did this is still unknown. its hard to forget what we have learned in his classes. please dont tell my mother when ill give her my gift.,thats why i cant follow you. the problem is that its very hard to catch your words. the fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised. there is no doubt that it will rain tomorrow.,im not sure whether you would like it or not. she felt very surprised that i finished it all by myself. i have no idea where he is. please tell us the truth how many people were drowned in the flood.,the novel tells that the truth always takes the side of the majority of people. i cant explain why he behaves like that. how he finished doing that is not important. where we will go hasnt been decided yet.,名词性从句考点,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.名词性从句一向是nmet中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出nmet名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面: 考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. a. what; what b. what; that c. that; that d. that; what 分析: 在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1: _ is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language. a. there b. this c. that d. it 分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:that english is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 考例2: i hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. a. it b. that c. this d. them 分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.,考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例:the photographs will show you _ . a. what does our village look like b. what our village looks like c. how does our village look like d. how our village looks like,分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除c、d,而a项是疑问句语序,故只能选b。,考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别 考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. a. if b. whether c. that d. where 分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当“是否“讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if. 考例2: what the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. a. when b. how c. whether d. why 分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.,考例3: it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. a. while b. that c. if d. for 分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。it作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当“是否“讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。,考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例 1:it is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,a. however 和d. whenever是不能作宾语的;而c. whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些“,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及“一定范围内的人或事物“,所以也不能选.,考例2: sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. a. anyone b. whomever c. whoever d. no matter who 分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除d.而选a. anyone则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.,考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例:it is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. a. masters b. should master c. mastered d. will master 分析:本题选b.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。it is necessary-that 用should的虚拟语气. (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) +do“,常用的句型有:i. it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. ii. it is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. iii. it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: it is strange that she (should) think so.,(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如: i insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示“建议、请求、要求、决定等“意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do“。如: his suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4) 表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等“意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do“。如: they received orders that the work(should)be done at once.,名词性从句 典型错误例析,1. as is known to all that paper was first invented in china. 析：that引导的从句是主语从句，用it作形式主语时，应把as改为it，或者原句改为定语从句：as is known to all, paper was first invented in china. 2. all the students went to see what the matter was with her. 析：应把what the matter was改为what was the matter。what was the matter (with)和what was wrong (with)作宾语从句时语序不变。 3. we dont doubt whether he can do a good job. 析：当谓语动词是doubt时，应用whether/if引导宾语从句，而do not doubt (= believe) 和疑问句中的doubt用that引导宾语从句，应把whether改为that。,4. are the shoes that you bought yesterday? 析：应把that改为what。that可用于名词性从句，但在从句中只能起连接作用，不充当任何成分。此句中的what引导表语从句，并在从句中作bought的宾语，相当于the things which。 5. the reason why i like the dictionary is because it is useful for my work. 析：the reason作主语，why引导定语从句，后面的表语从句习惯用that引导，应把because改为that。,6. this surprised us very much that tom should have left without a word. 析：应把this改为it。it作形式主语，引导主语从句，而真正的主语是that引导的从句。 7. the question is if the film is worth seeing. 析：whether可以引导表语从句，而if不能用来引导表语从句，应把if改为whether。 8. the news came which our football team won. 析：应把which改为that。同位语从句只能用that来引导，不能用which来引导。,9. where did they hold the important meeting is unknown to us all. 析：名词性从句要用陈述句语序，主语从句where did they hold the important meeting应改为where they held the important meeting。 10. if the sports meet will be held depends on the weather. 析：应把if改为whether。whether引导主语从句，if不能引导主语从句。 11. who knows the truth will tell you about it. 析：应把who改为whoever。whoever相当于anyone who。,12. it depends on if he has enough money. 析：介词后的宾语从句用whether引导，而不用if引导，应把if改为whether。 13. students do not study hard is not a good thing. 析：students前加that。that在引导宾语从句时可以省略，但引导其他名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）时不能省略。 14. they want to make it clear to the public they do an important job. 析：当用it作形式宾语时，that不能省略，应在they之前加that。,定语从句,专项复习,1. (2006) 北京.第31题 women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont . a. who; / b. /;who c. who; who d. /; / 2. (2006)天津卷 .第12题 the beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool. a. what b. that c. how d. as,c,d,step1. lead-in,3. (2006)重庆卷 .第34 题 i saw a woman running towards me in the dark. before i could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come . a. of which b. by which c. in which d. from which 4. (2006)湖南卷 .第30题 we saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. a. to which b. to whom c with whom d. with which,d,b,5.(2006)江西卷 .第33 题 -do you have anything to say for yourself? -yes. theres one point _ we must insist on. a. why b. where c. how d. / 6. (2006)辽宁卷.第25 题 i was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ chinese in the school, most _ were from germany. a. study; of whom b. study; of them c. studying; o