2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit1ProtectingOurEnvironment学案重庆大学版.docx

Unit 1Protecting Our Environment一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.condemnvt.责备；谴责 2.geniusn. 天才，天赋；天才人物3.focusn. 焦点，(活动、兴趣等的)中心4.biologicaladj. 生物学(上)的5.limit vt.限制；限定limitedadj.有限的6.poisonous adj.有毒的；引起中毒的poisonn毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒7.associated adj.联合的associatevt.使联合associationn协会；社团；联盟8.accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的accidentn事故； 意外9.environmental adj.环境的；环境产生的environmentn环境10.increasing adj.渐增的，越来越多的increasinglyadv.渐增地，越来越多地increasevt./vi.增加；增大；增多11.qualified adj.有资格的；有限制的qualifyvt.使合格，取得资格qualificationn资格，资历12.fluently adv.流畅地，流利地fluentadj.流畅的，流利的13.alarming adj.惊人的；吓人的alarmvt.使惊恐alarmedadj.受惊的，惊恐的14.respond vi.答，回答，响应responsen答复，回答15.pollute vt.污染pollutedadj.受污染的pollutionn污染1.Dont eat wild plants that grow in the forest; they may be poisonous (poison)2.The school authority responded (response) to what happened just now immediately.3.Compared with driving cars, riding a bicycle has no environmental (environment) problems.4.It is reported that the chemical factory has polluted the environment and the pollution is very serious (pollute)5.In order to be a qualified teacher, every year, many graduates apply for teacher qualification,_but only a minority of them can qualify as teachers.(qualify)6.A man from the Climate Association said the climate change is associated with both natural factors and human activities.(associate)7.Kate can speak English fluently and her fluent English makes her stand out among other applicants.(fluent)8.I am alarmed to hear that every family has guns. Violent crime is increasing at an alarming rate.(alarm)9.Time is limited but theres no limit for us to serve people.(limit)1.“指责”动词一族condemn责备；谴责blame 责备accuse 控告；指责charge 指责；控告scold 斥责，责骂criticize 批评；指责2.奇“才”辈出genius 天才talent 才能gift 天赋ability 才能capability 才能competence 能力3.ing结尾形容词归纳increasing 渐增的alarming 惊人的，吓人的amusing 引起乐趣的entertaining 使人愉快的boring 枯燥的disgusting 使人讨厌的4.巧记ous结尾形容词poisonous有毒的dangerous 危险的generous 慷慨的mountainous 多山的ridiculous 可笑的humorous 幽默的二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.shut_._up住口；关闭 2.millions_of 大量的；无数的3.at_night 夜里；夜间4.complain_about 抱怨5.sound_like 听起来像6.set_._free 释放7.in_danger_of 在危险之中8.according_to 根据，按照9.as_many_as 和一样多10.get_into 介入；进入11.respond_to 响应12.lead_to 导致13.cut_down_on 减少(使用/消费)14.at_risk 冒险 1.The doctors told me to cut_down_on smoking and drinking. 2.“What has made those companies get_into trouble？” he asked.3.After three years imprisonment, he was set_free at last. 4.He was in_danger_of falling off the tall building when he got the kite back for his son.5.Nowadays some stars who enjoy full justice often complain_about how hard their lives are.1.“数量”短语荟萃millions of大量的thousands of 几千hundreds of 几百billions of 几十亿scores of 许多dozens of 几十2.“atn.”短语一览at risk冒险at ease 安逸；无拘无束at cost 按成本at hand 在身边，在附近at length 最后；详细地at fault 有责任；有错误三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.They were believed to have been brought inaccidentally in shipments of plants from Puerto Rico or Florida.人们普遍认为，这种蛙是在用船只运送植物的过程中偶然地被从波多黎各或佛罗里达州带到了夏威夷。sb./sth. be believed to do .为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为做”。他被认为是摇滚歌手的最好的导师。He is_believed_to_be the best guide for the rock singers.2.At night, the noise oftenmakes it difficult for people to sleep.晚上，蛙声让人难以成眠！make itadj./n.(for sb.) to do sth.，其中it是形式宾语，不定式(短语)为真正的宾语。因特网使得我们及时了解国内外的最新消息成为可能。The Internet has made_it_possible_for_us_to_get the latest news at home and abroad in time.3.Scientists say the same thing is happening to our planet, making it a dangerously warmer place.科学家指出，同样的事情正发生在我们的星球上，使它的变暖越来越危险。现在分词短语用作结果状语，表示一种必然或情理之中的结果。他没来参加她的生日聚会，这使她非常伤心。He didnt come to attend her birthday party, making_her_very_sad.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1associated adj.联合的；相关的；有联系的经典例句He no longer wished to be associated with the partys policy on education.他不再愿意认同该党的教育方针。(1)be associated with .和有关(2)associate vt. 联想；联系associate . with . 把和联系在一起associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道(3)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with . 与合伙/合作As far as the American children are concerned, the Christmas is associated with excitement, happiness and gifts.对于美国的孩子来说，圣诞节与兴奋、幸福和礼物连在一起。We are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们正联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。2condemn vt.责备；谴责；判刑，宣判教材原句But in Hawaii, the foreign frog has been condemned as a harmful animal.但在夏威夷，这种外国蛙被当作一种有害动物而被谴责。be condemned to sth.被处以某种刑罚；使某 人被迫接受困境be condemned to do sth. 注定做某事condemn/sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而谴责某人Lack of skills condemned him to_live (live) a poor life.缺乏技能注定了他要过着艰难的生活。She knew that society would condemn_her_for abandoning her children.她知道社会会因她遗弃自己的孩子而谴责她。3limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度教材原句Researchers say businesses and governments must create new technology that limits the production of greenhouse gases.研究人员说，企业和政府必须创造新的技术来限制温室气体的产生。(1)limit . to .把限定在be limited to . 限定在(2)set a limit to 对限制/控制there is a/no limit to 对是有限的/无限的(3)limited adj. 有限的Ive limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight.我为了减肥，限定自己每天摄入1 000卡的热量。He was born in a poor family, and only received limited (limit) education in his childhood.他出生在一个贫困家庭中，童年时期仅仅接受了有限的教育。.基础点全练(单句语法填空)1Alarmed (alarm) by the noise, the birds flew away in all directions.2What impresses me most is that the little girl can speak English accurately and fluently (fluent)3Seeing the poisonous (poison) gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.4Many fans are always collecting a lot of information associated (associate) with their favourite stars.5With online shopping increasingly (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.(2014福建高考单选)6In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental (environment) protection.(2015北京高考单选)7With so many people focusing their eyes on her, the girl felt very nervous. 8As is known to us, China is a country belonging (belong) to the Third World.重难点多练1condemn万花筒 (1)介词填空The criminal was condemned to ten years in jail.Her uncle was also condemned for his bad behavior.(2)句型转换We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings.We shouldnt condemn technology for our shortcomings.He was sentenced to death for murder and later hanged.He was_condemned_to death for murder and later hanged.Those who do not learn from history are bound to repeat it.Those who do not learn from history are_condemned_to repeat it.2limit点点练(1)介词填空In my opinion, you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip.Keep within the limits of the school campus.Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.(2)补全句子暴力犯罪并不局限于大城市。Violent crime is_not_limited_to big cities.人的生命是有限的，但是学习知识是无限的。There_is_a_limit_to peoples life, but no limit to_learning_the_knowledge.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出focus的词性和词义(A)n.焦点(B)n.焦距(C)n.(活动等的)中心(D)vt.使对准 (E)vt.集中注意力1He always wants to be the focus of attention._A_2He took out the camera and adjusted the focus._B_3The main focus of this meeting is the management of fresh ground water resources._C_4The noise made it hard for me to focus on my work._E_5Let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you._D_第二板块短语句型归纳集释1in danger of在危险之中教材原句As many as one million species of land plants and animals are in danger ofbecoming extinct if global warming continues. 如果全球继续变暖， 多达一百万种的陆地植物和动物物种将处于灭绝的危险之中。in danger在危险中out of danger 脱离危险a danger to . 的威胁/危害You are so kindhearted that you always give me a hand when I am in_danger.你心肠真好，总是在我危险时帮助我。The operation is a success and now the patient is out_of_danger.手术成功了，病人现在已脱离危险。2get into介入；陷入；养成(坏习惯)；对产生兴趣教材原句Global warming is caused when carbon dioxide (CO2)gets into the atmosphere. 全球变暖是由于二氧化碳进入大气层时造成的。get into the habit of养成习惯get down to 开始做(某事)get rid of 摆脱，除去get along/on with 进展；相处get through 做完；通过；渡过；穿越；接通(电话)The best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place.对付毒品的最好方法是首先别养成(吸毒的)习惯。Isnt it time you got down to marking (mark) the papers?难道不是到你开始批改试卷的时候了吗？3Scientists say the same thing is happening to our planet, making_it_a_dangerously_warmer_place.科学家指出，同样的事情正发生在我们的星球上，使它的变暖越来越危险。句中making it a dangerously warmer place为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾， 其前可以加thus。A few men were quarrelling noisily at midnight, waking (wake) almost everyone in the building.几个人在半夜吵架，几乎把大楼里所有的人都吵醒了。The bus was held by the snowstorm, thus causing (cause) the delay.公共汽车被暴风雪所困，因而耽搁了。名师指津不定式有时也可以用作结果状语，但往往表示意料之外的结果，常用only或just修饰。He hurried to the bus stop, only to_be_told (tell) the bus had left.他匆匆地去了车站，结果被告知车已经离开。.基础点全练1单句语法填空This new film is believed to_be_adapted (adapt) from a novel by Jane Austen. George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him.To his parents worry, he always puts his life at risk by challenging.One of our workmates has been in danger. We are concerned about his health.At first, you may think of ways to cut down on your expenses or increase your earnings.Many species are in danger of dying out because of a lack of habitat.Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering.He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving (leave) the breakfast untouched.2运用所学短语完成片段Using too much water or throwing rubbish everywhere can put our water supply in_danger (处于危险之中). You may wonder how paving a road can lead_to (导致) less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from millions_of (大量的) lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. More roads and parking lots can cut_down_on (减少) the amount of groundwater. So we should take many measures to stop us from getting_into (养成， 染上) the bad habit of wasting water.重难点多练get相关短语多棱镜(1)介、副词填空You would not get into trouble if you had taken my advice then.Not all here likes to get along with him.Hes trying to get out of tidying his room.I dialed the number for many times, but it couldnt get through.(2)补全句子我整晚都在给查理打电话，但一定是网络出了问题，好像就是接不通。Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant_seem_to_get_through.(2014湖北高考多选)他打开窗户把气味散出去。He opened the windows to_get_rid_of_the_smell. 课堂练牢基础.单句语法填空1Its important to have a sense of belonging (belong).2I wanted to know why he didnt respond to my suggestion.3I dont associate him with energetic sports.4This kind of discussion will lead to still greater differences between the two parties.5You are in danger of catching a cold if you dont take any medicine.6Those who cannot answer all three riddles, however, will be condemned to death.7It is wise of drivers to drive within the speed limit.8With all his attention focused (focus) on the amusing TV program, he didnt notice the strangers coming in.9After his graduation, this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making (make) him famous nationwide.10It_is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.单句改错1People were alarming at the frequent earthquakes.alarmingalarmed2I think you should focus your attention to your work.toon3It rained heavily in the south, caused serious flooding in several provinces.causedcausing4Dont swim in the lake, or you will be at a risk.去掉a5No matter how busy he is, he makes a rule to read at least 20 minutes a day.make后加it6We were warned that we were in the danger on the way home.去掉第一个the.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Healthy eating is always the centre of peoples life. According_to (根据) Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food, and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans limit_their_three_meals_to (把他们的三餐限制在) a certain period of time. People believe that Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep a growing eating after the French would have stopped. In addition, Mercola points out that Americans usually drive to huge supermarkets to buy many canned and frozen foods or even some junk foods, which makes some people lead an unhealthy life. The number of people suffering from obesity has increased at aterrifying rate. Millions_of (大量的) people are in_danger_of (在危险之中) being too fat. It sounds like incredible. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal. (二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)centrefocus(2)growingincreasing(3)terrifyingalarming2按要求改写句式(1)用“sb./sth. be believed to do .”句型改写句Americans_are_believed_to_lose_the_ability_to_sense_when_they_are_actually_full._(2)用现在分词作结果状语改写句In addition, he points out that Americans usually drive to huge supermarkets to buy many canned and frozen foods or even some junk foods, making_some_people_lead_an_unhealthy_life. 课下练熟高考阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：20分钟)A(2017重庆一中高考模拟)As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, businesses, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways. All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted. Humans demand these lights. They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safe. The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well. Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower (流星雨). The area was short of homes, street lights and traffic. If I did that today, I wouldnt be able to see the meteor shower as well, and I would surely be run over by a car. Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution. If youve ever taken a flight at night, the view is beautiful, but you must remember that all the light you see is wasted electricity. The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide. One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted. One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky; a total waste of electricity. Additionally, electricity needs to be generated, and the generation of electricity creates pollution by giving off greenhouse gases. This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life.Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light. It has been long known that tiny sea turtle hatchlings become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea.Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution. 1It is implied in Paragraph 4 that the best way to deal with light pollution is _.Areducing the output of the lightsBavoiding the use of unnecessary lightCeducating people about light pollutionDinventing environmentallyfriendly lights解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知光污染最大的问题是许多光都是不必要的并且许多户外的光都是一种浪费，因此解决光污染的最好方法是避免不必要的光的使用。 2Which of the following is the effect of light pollution?AMany animals species have died out.BMore traffic accidents happen every day.CThe air we breathe may be polluted.DIt is much easier for us to watch meteor showers.解析：选C细节理解题。文章第五、六段讲了光污染的影响。根据第五段可知发电所释放的温室气体影响了我们的空气及生活质量，故C项正确。3What can be inferred from the text?AWe are almost at a loss how to deal with light pollution.BGlobal warming results in light pollution in some way.CAstronauts cant see clearly in space nowadays.DSome animals use natural light to direct their movements.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第六段的第二、三句可知D项正确。4What will probably be provided following the last paragraph?AHelpful tips for surfing the Internet.BApproaches to decreasing light pollution.CBenefits of searching on Google.DMore bad effects of light pollution.解析：选B推理判断题。文章最后一段的最后一句“在谷歌上搜索一下你会得到一些怎样减少光污染的方法”可知，文章接下来要讨论减少光污染的方法，故B项正确。BMonty Hempel is a professor of environmental sciences at Redlands University in California.He studies ecological literacy or ecoliteracy, for short.Ecoliteracy is the ability to think about and understand the natural processes that make life possible.Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives people knowledge about environmental problems.But he says it does not always work to get them to change their behavior.Mr.Hempel wrote part of the Worldwatch Institutes latest State of the World report.He says in his article, “Some people think that ecoliteracy is just a green form of science literacy.And what I have tried to ask is whether thats enough.In other words, what an ecologicallyliterate person needs to know might include things like the cycles and the flows, the energy systems, all of those kind of things that we would call the science of ecology.”“That doesnt seem to lead to action to