中考英语名词总复习课件.ppt

名 词 一、考查重点 1. 可数名词与不可数名词 2. 名词的单数与复数名词所有格 3. 名词用法以及词义辨析 名词的分类 名词所有格 名词的 句法作用 名词 专有名词（如：Tom，China， the United States, January, Monday) 可数名词 普通名词 物质名词(如water,ice,wood) 抽象名词(如:happiness幸福) 个体名词(如：teacher教师) 集体名词(如：police警察) 不可数名 考点一 名词的分类 名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a a，anan，oneone来修饰来修饰 注注：a a用于用于辅音辅音音素音素开头的单词前开头的单词前, ,anan用用 于于元音音素元音音素开头的单词前开头的单词前 * *a a book book * * anan English book English book * * an han hourour flowerflowers 找规律,总结规则 watches factory-factories leaf - leaves boxes 名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.规则变化规则变化 (1) (1) 一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“ “ s s ” ”/s/or/z/s/or/z/ * * dog dog dogdogs s * * bookbook bookbooks s (2) (2) 以以 s s 、 x x 、chch、shsh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加 “ “eses” ”/iz/iz/ * *boxbox boxboxeses * *watchwatch watchwatcheses (3)(3)以以辅音字母辅音字母加加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,变变 y y 为为 i i 加加 “ “ eses” ” /iz/ /iz/ * * countrcountry y countrcountries ies * * factorfactory y factorfactories ies 请区别：如果是元音字母加请区别：如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词结尾的名词 则只须加则只须加“ “s s” ” * * boy boy boyboys s holidayholiday - - holidayholidays s * * monkey monkey monkeymonkeys s (4) (4) 以以 f f 、fe fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,变变 f f 、fefe 为为 v v 再加再加 “ “ eses” ” /vz/ /vz/ * * halhalf f halhalvesves * * shelshelf f shelshelvesves * * kniknifefe kniknivesves * * lealeaf f lealeavesves 特殊:roof-roofs 特殊:belief-beliefs 找规律 tomatoes potatoes heroes 英雄爱吃西红 柿拌土豆。 (5) (5) 以以o o结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,一般情况加一般情况加s,s,读读 作作/z/./z/.potatopotato，tomatotomato，herohero除外除外 * * pianopiano pianopianos s * * zoozoo zoozoos s radio-radios radio-radios bamboo- bamboos child- children woman- women sheep man- men 2.2.不规则变化不规则变化 (1)(1)单复数同形单复数同形 Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese fish fish fish fish Japanese Japanese Japanese sheep Japanese sheep sheepsheep (2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oooo为为eeee t toooothth t teeeethth f foooot t f feeeet t (3). (3).变变manman为为 mme en n mma an n mme en n womwoma an n womwome en n policempolicema an n policempoliceme en n FrenchmFrenchma an n FrenchmFrenchme en n 请区别：请区别：GermanGerman( (德国人德国人) ) GermanGermans s (“ (“中日中日” ”不变不变“ “英法英法” ”变，其余变，其余s s加后面加后面) ) (4).(4).常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoespeople clothes shoes trousers glassestrousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用 复数复数 * * My clothesMy clothes areare newer than yours.newer than yours. 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are talking about_. Awoman; children Bwoman; child Cwomen; children 2. There are three in my family. A. people B. person C. child 3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies C A A 4. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans D C 不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词 如如: water: water，ricerice，fishfish，meat meat 等。等。 work chalk time space musicwork chalk time space music money weather homework money weather homework wood information news medicine wood information news medicine 1.1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用 单数单数 * *Some breadSome bread is over thereover there . . * *No newsNo news is good newsgood news. . 2.2.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用等修饰，常用much, , a little, , little, , a lot lot ofof, , lots of lots of, , some, , any，plenty of 等 等 修饰修饰 * *They hadThey had much money.money. * *He doesHe does little housework at housework at homehome. . * * a ricea rice ( (X X) ) two breadtwo bread ( (X X) ) 3.3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位单位 +of+of+名词名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词 用复数，不可数名词形式不变用复数，不可数名词形式不变 * *a bag ofa bag of applesapples * *a piece ofa piece of paperpaper * *three glasses ofthree glasses of orangeorange 巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一碗饭 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）一双鞋 （6）许多瓶牛奶 4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(glass(玻璃玻璃) a glass() a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯) ) work( work(工作工作) a work() a work(著作著作) ) time( time(时间时间时间时间 ) times() times(次数次数) ) 1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 3. What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks 4. We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few D D C A 专有名词： 1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao 2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing 3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February 4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节) 5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP （2016. 贵州安顺） Do you know _woman in red? Yes , she is a professor of _ Anshun College. A. the, / B. a, / C. the , an D. the ,the (2014. 贵州贵阳） It is reported that a terrible rainstorm hit_ south of our country last night. A. the B. a C. an 中考链接 ( A ) ( A ) Sum up What have you learnt this lesson? 可数名词 不可数名词 名词分类 普通名词 专有名词 Thank you!Thank you! 主谓一致 1. 当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等 集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单 数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。 e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans. is are 2.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。 e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him. is 名词所有格名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“ “ 的的” 一一. .名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加 “s”s” KangkangKangkangs s father Lucy father Lucys s book book 2. 2.以以s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词, ,则在则在s s后加后加“ “ ”即可即可 TeachersTeachers office The Greens office The Greens house house 3.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词的所有格结尾的复数名词的所有格, ,仍按仍按 惯例加惯例加“s s” * * ChildrenChildren s s Day * men Day * men s s shoes shoes 4.4.无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用ofof加名词，加名词， 构成所属关系的短语构成所属关系的短语 * *the color the color ofof the wall the wall * *a picture a picture ofof the the classroomclassroom 1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Child 2. The two bedroom are the _. A. twins B. twins C .twins D. twins C C 双重所有格 of +s 或of+名词性物主代词。如： A book of my daughters 我女儿的一本书 我其中的一个朋友 One of my friends A friend of mine 5.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有， 在最后一个名词后加-s; 珍妮和海伦的房间 Jenny and Helens room 6.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的 ,则在 2个名词 后都加-s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间 Jennys and Helens rooms 6. Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks 重难点突破 D 7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的东西，也可以加 s 构成所有格 2小时路程 北京最好的公园 今日的报纸 two hours walk=two-hour walk Beijings best park todays newspaper at my uncles = at my uncles home at a tailors = at a tailors shop 9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格 a silk hat cotton cloth a coffee cup 8. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格 后面的名词 two monthstwo months vacation vacation a milea miles s distancedistance 8. Its _from our school to my home. A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes walk C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk 重难点突破 A 1 广东的省会 2 教室的门 3 我父亲的一个朋友 4 他的两个兄弟 5 爱迪生的一些发明 6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片 属于他弟弟) 7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片 里的人是他弟弟) the capital of Guangdong the doors of the classroom a friend of my fathers two brothers of his some inventions of Edisons a picture of his brothers a picture of his brother 名词的所有格 Practice 名词的用法名词的用法 1.1.修饰另一名词时修饰另一名词时, ,一般用单数一般用单数 * * There are threeThere are three bananabanana trees over theretrees over there. . 2. 2. man womanman woman用做定语时用做定语时, ,应与后面的名词保持数的一致应与后面的名词保持数的一致 * *We needWe need a man teachera man teacher. . * *They are allThey are all women workerswomen workers. . 3.sports,clothes做定语时做定语时, ,仍用复数形式仍用复数形式 * *a a sports star star * *a a clothes shopshop 重难点突破 小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因 1.Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try. A. women B. man C.woman D. men D 1. The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year- older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old 重难点突破 C 2 Where is Tom? -He has gone to the _. A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers 重难点