chapter16内分泌系统.ppt

Chapter 16 Endocrine System Sample of endocrine test results What are they? Pituitary gland/hypophysis Adenohypophysis 腺垂体前叶 neurohypophysis 垂体神经部, 神经(性)垂体 (垂体后叶) Hormones secreted by hypophysis oGH/somatotropin 生长激素 oProlactin/lactogenic hormone 催乳素 oThyrotropin/thyroid-stimulating hormone 促甲状腺激素 oACTH(=adrenocorticotropic hormone) /adrenocorticotropin/corticotropin 促肾上腺皮质激素 Hormones secreted by hypophysis oGonadotropic hormones 促性腺激素 nFSH=follicle-stimulating hormone 促卵泡激素 nICSH=interstitial cell-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone 促间质细胞激素,促黄体激素 oMSH/melanotrophin=melanocyte-stimulating hormone 促黑色素细胞激素 oVasopressin/ADH=antidiuretic hormone 后叶加压素,抗利尿激素 ooxytocin (后叶)催产素,缩宫素 Hormone secreted by pineal body omelatonin 退黑激素 Hormones secreted by thyroid gland oThyroxine甲状腺素 nTetraiodothyronine (T4)四碘甲腺原氨酸 nTriiodothyronine (T3)三碘甲腺原氨酸 nProtein-bound iodine (PBI) ocalcitonin降血钙素(一种调节血中含钙量之 荷尔蒙) Hormones secreted by parathyroid glands oParathyroid hormone or parathormone 甲状旁腺激素 Hormones secreted by adrenal glands (I) oCorticosteroids = adrenocortical hormones 肾上腺皮质激素 nMineralocorticoids 矿质(肾上腺)皮质激素 oAldosterone 醛固酮 nGlucocorticoids 糖皮质激素 oCortisol 考的松,皮质醇 ocorticosterone 肾上腺酮; 皮质脂酮 nSex hormones oAndrogen oEstrogen Hormones secreted by adrenal glands (II) adrenal medullary hormone oCatecholamines 儿茶酚胺 nEpinephrine=adrenaline 肾上腺素 nnorepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素 Hormones secreted by pancreas oGlucagon 胰高血糖素(alpha cells) oInsulin (beta cells) Other endocrine glands PartsHormonesFunctions thymusthymosinDevelopment of immune system stomachgastrinDigestion of food placentachorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Ovary to maintain the uterine lining pregnancy small intestine secretin肠促胰液素 cholecystokinin缩 胆囊素 Pancreas to produce bicarbonate Gallbladder to contract heart (atria) atriopeptin心房肽 What hormone has this function? oRegulating the biological clock of the body omelatonin What hormone has this function? oRegulating the activities of several other endocrine glands such as thyroid, adrenals, reproductive glands oAnterior pituitary hormones What hormone has this function? oregulating the rate of metabolism oThyroxine oParathormone ocorticosteroids What hormone has this function? oDecreasing the concentration of calcium in the blood ocalcitonin 降血钙素 What hormone has this function? oDecreasing the concentration of glucose in the blood oinsulin What hormone has this function? oRegulating the development of secondary sex characteristics oAndrogen oEstrogen Which endocrine gland is responsible for? oDiabetes insipidus 尿崩症 oAddisons disease oDwarfism oPheochromocytoma嗜 铬细胞瘤 oDiabetes omyxedema黏液腺瘤 ovirilism男性化 ohypercalcemia高钙血症 oPituitary gland oAdrenal gland oPituitary gland oAdrenal gland oPancreas oThyroid gland oGonads oParathyroid glands Tests for endocrine system oRAIU放射性碘摄取 nRadioactive iodine uptake test oITT胰岛素耐量试验 ninsulin tolerance test oTBG甲状腺素结合球蛋白 nThyroxine-binding globulin oACTH test促肾上腺皮质激素试验 oLH test促黄体激素试验 nLuteinizing hormone test oAldosterone and renin test醛固酮肾素试验 Translate the following case presentation into Chinese oA 47-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent hypercalcemia. oThe patient had been admitted 14 years earlier because of hyperparathyroidism, with an increased level of calcium (12.3 mg per deciliter 3.1 mmol per liter), markedly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (293 pg per milliliter; normal range, 10 to 60), and a low phosphorus level (1.8 mg per deciliter 0.58 mmol per liter). Physical examination revealed a nodule in the left lower pole of the thyroid gland. Translate the following case presentation into Chinese oA 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hyperadrenocorticism. oThe patient had a history of angina pectoris and had undergone five-vessel coronary-artery bypass surgery nine years before admission. He had long-standing heartburn, and for two years had had intermittent upper abdominal pain that responded to ranitidine. The results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were normal. Six months before admission, he began to bruise easily; weakness, emotional lability, moon facies, and peripheral edema developed; and his weight increased by 5 kg. Three months before admission, a tremor developed in his hands. One