个人防护用品的选择和使用CHI-ENG.doc

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趤滖狞麷仁黊囵乌戏藽肚HSE DOCUMENT健康、安全和环保文件Shanghai SECCO Petrochemicals Company Limited上海赛科石油化工有限公司Integrated Project Management Team一体化项目管理组Caojing, Shanghai, P R China 中国，上海，漕泾Document Title文件名Selection and Use of PPE个人防护用品的选择和使用PR-00-SIJ-SE-0011A00Approved 审批MJT01/07/02P02For Review 供审核P01For IPMT Review 供IPMT审核12/04/02LYB01/05/02P00For Review 供审核P.G19/03/02LYB12/04/02Issue RevIssue or Revision DescriptionOrigin byDateCheck byDateApprovebyDateApprove byDateThis Document is Owned by Michael Tousignant IPMT AuthoritySite Safety Practice现场安全惯例 Selection and Use of PPE个人防护用品的选择和使用INDEX目录1 INTRODUCTION前言2 AIM目的3 PROCEDURE程序4 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION危害因素识别5 RISK EVALUATION风险评估6 CHOICE OF CONTROL OPTIONS控制方案的选择7 MANAGEMENT OF THE PPE PROGRAM个人防护用品程序的管理8 INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING信息、指令和培训9 CONTRACTORS PPE OBLIGATION承包商PPE责任10 MANAGEMENT / SUPERVISORY INFLUENCE管理/监督1. INTRODUCTION前言SECCO as an employer has a moral and legal requirement to ensure that suitable personal protective clothing and equipment is provided, and information and training is provided to all employees in regard to the care and use of such personal protective equipment. Under the same regulations employees have a legal requirement to properly use all PPE that has been supplied to them correctly and that if any defects are found with said equipment, it must be brought to the immediate attention of their Supervisor.赛科作为雇佣方有道义和法律上的要求，保证提供合适的个人防护衣物和设备，并向雇员提供信息和培训，关注个人劳动保护用品的使用。此规定也同样要求雇员正确使用所提供的个人防护用品，并在发现上述设备有缺陷时，立即向其主管报告。 2. AIM目的The aim of this safe work practice is to ensure a safe system of work by utilizing the proper personal protective equipment. This practice is intended to provide management with the background information and data, a selection and decision criteria and the necessary specifications to establish an effective Personal Protective Equipment Program.此程序旨在提供一个保证使用个人保护设备的安全工作系统，对背景数据、选择、决定标准和规格进行管理，以建立一个所要求的有效的个人保护设备程序。3. PROCEDURE程序Personal protective clothing and equipment are not substitutes for effective engineering controls, safe working conditions or sound work practices, but can play an essential part in the protection of the worker. Personal protective equipment does not eliminate the hazard but is an aid in controlling individual exposures so far as to prevent injury or adverse health effects.个人防护衣物和设备不是为了替代有效的工程管理、安全工作状况或可靠的工作规定，但它在保护工作人员方面能起到主要的作用。个人保护用品不能消除危害因素，但是能帮助控制个人对危害环境中的暴露，使其避免受伤或健康受到危害。Risks to health and safety may occur whenever there is exposure to chemical, physical or biological hazards. The degree of risk depends on the severity of the hazard and the degree of exposure. The many and varied jobs that will be undertaken by SECCO employees and contractors presents a wide range of potential risks to health and safety. Control of risk exposures to an acceptable level depends on the identification and evaluation of the hazards with reference to acceptable exposure standards and or specifications. The use of personal protective equipment is only one of a number of control options that may be available.暴露于化学、物理或生物危害环境中时，对健康和安全会带来风险。风险的程度取决于危害的严重性和暴露程度。赛科员工和承包商所要承担的许多工作表明在很大范围内对健康和安全有潜在风险。要将它们控制在一个可接受的水平，就需要根据暴露标准对危害因素进行识别和评估。使用个人防护用品只是许多可使用的控制方案中的一种。4. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION危害因素的识别Identify the nature of the hazard, the chemical and/or physical agent, its characteristics, potential routes of entry or contact and the harmful effects of exposure to that hazard. 识别危害种类以及它们的化学或物理性质、特征、可能的进入或接触途径以及暴露于该危害因素下的有害影响。5. RISK ASSESSMENT / JOB HAZARDS ASSESSMENT风险评估/工作危险评估SECCO requires that risk be assessed on the basis of the likelihood of exposure and the perceived outcome from the exposure. A thoroughly conducted Job Hazard Assessment results in the estimation of risks associated with a task or activity as well as the identification of appropriate control measures such as the type of personal protective equipment that will be required.赛科要求根据暴露的可能性和对暴露的理解程度来评估风险。一个完整的工作危险评估指导依赖于任务或行动的危险评价，辨认合适的控制措施，比如根据需要提供个人保护设备的类型。6. CHOICE OF CONTROL OPTIONS控制方案的选择When action is required to reduce risks to health and safety, Management of any employer is responsible for the development and implementation of the appropriate controls based on relevant standards, guidelines and/or legislation and safe working practices. 当要求采取行动来降低对健康、安全的风险时，组织的任何雇员有责任根据有关的标准、指导方针或法规、安全工作规定等，建立和执行合适的控制措施。When it is not feasible to control the risks by the methods described, personal protective equipment (either on its own or in combination with other controls), may be used as a control option to minimize personal exposure, but bearing in mind the following limitations:当采用上述方法来进行控制不切合实际时，个人防护用品（个人防护用品本身或与其它控制手段相结合）可以作为一种控制方案，以使个人对危害因素的暴露降到最低，但在思想上要考虑以下限制：a) PPE does not reduce or eliminate the hazard. 个人防护用品不能减少或消除危害因素。b) If the protective equipment is defective, or becomes ineffective whilst being worn, the wearer may become exposed to the hazard without necessarily being aware of it.如果防护用品有缺陷或已经磨损失效，穿戴者可能没有意识到这些而暴露于危害因素之下。c) PPE provides protection for the wearer only, the potential exposure of unprotected people in the area must be considered.个人防护用品只为穿戴者提供了保护，而在区域内未受到保护人员的潜在暴露必须得到考虑。d) The use of PPE may introduce additional hazards to the wearer. The equipment may interfere with one or more of the senses, e.g. full-face respirators restrict side vision and gloves may reduce manual dexterity.使用个人防护用品可能会给穿戴者带来额外的危害。这些用品可能干扰了穿戴者的一种或多种感官，例如全面罩呼吸器会限制他的侧视能力，手套会影响手的灵活性。e) PPE may transfer the hazard to another location. Toxic chemicals may be absorbed on boots and coveralls and transferred to accommodation areas.个人防护用品会将危害因素传递到其它地方。有毒的化学物可能会吸附在套鞋和连体服上，并被带到生活区域。f) PPE, particularly respiratory protection, may not be suitable for continuous use.个人防护用品，特别是呼吸保护器，可能不适合于连续使用。g) PPE may not always be worn properly.个人防护用品可能被不合适地穿戴。For these reasons the use of PPE is generally regarded as less acceptable than the other means of control previously described. Nevertheless, there are many circumstances (e.g. maintenance and emergency response) where it is the only feasible control option.鉴于这些理由，使用个人防护用品的可接受程度通常比所述的其它控制手段来得低。然而，在许多情况下它是可以选择的控制手段，例如维修和应急反应。7. MANAGEMENT OF PPE个人防护用品程序的管理The use of personal protective equipment provides a means for controlling individual exposure to a particular hazard but its use needs to be considered carefully before a decision is taken to adopt PPE as the control option.个人防护用品的使用为暴露于特定的危害环境下的人员提供了一种控制手段，但是在决定使用它们作为控制手段前，必须经过仔细的考虑。 Selection 选择Only a suitably competent person can undertake to select PPE. All PPE that is intended to be used on the SECCO site must be inspected and approved by a SECCO HSE Department Representative and such equipment must meet internationally recognized standards. At SECCO PPE is considered the last line of defense and assurances must be made that alternative methods of controlling the hazard and risk are technically suitable. 只有合适的有资格的人才能选择个人劳动保护用品。所有要在赛科现场使用的个人防护用品须经过赛科 HSE部门代表的检查和批准，这些设备必须符合国际公认标准。在赛科，个人保护用品被认为是最后的防线，必须作出保证在控制危险和风险的可选择的方案在技术上是合适的。 Fitting适宜性When PPE is first issued, an adequate fit must be ensured under supervision. In some cases user should be trained to check the fit whenever the equipment is used. This is particularly important for the use of Respiratory Protective Equipment.在首次发放使用个人防护用品时，必须监督确保其适宜性。在有些情况下使用设备时，使用者应经过培训知道如何检查设备是否适用，使用呼吸设备尤为重要。 Health Aspects健康方面The use of PPE can have an impact on an employees health, (e.g. skin irritation, heat stress). Certain medical conditions may make it difficult to use certain equipment.使用个人防护用品可能会影响员工的健康（例如，皮肤过敏、热中风）。有些员工的身体状况可能使他难以使用一些设备。 Compatibility兼容性If more than one type of PPE is required to be worn simultaneously, then the compatibility of the individual items need to be evaluated. The PPE also needs to be compatible with the tasks involved.如果要求同时穿戴一种以上的个人防护用品时，则需要评估单个用品之间的兼容性。另外，个人防护用品还须与所执行的任务相兼容。 Issue发放Provision should be made to control the issue of PPE to employees, remembering that several types of equipment may be available. Employees may not be fully aware of the limitations of particular types and may ask for the wrong one. This may lead to incorrect application.应制定个人防护用品发放规定，记住，可能会使用几种保护用品。雇员可能并不完全知道特定用品的局限性，可能申请了错误的种类，这可能导致不正确的应用。 Proper Use合适的使用PPE is effective only if worn properly for the appropriate tasks.只有在穿戴合适的个人防护用品，做相对应的工作时，个人防护用品才起作用。The consistent use of PPE by management and supervisory staff, employee encouragement and enforcement of site standards of use are critically important if high levels of compliance are to be attained and maintained. Personal protective equipment that can provide the protection that it was designed for when it is properly used. Personal protective equipment that is not worn properly may not provide anything more than false confidence.如果想要达到和保持高标准的执行制度的水平，管理层和主管人员使用个人防护用品对于按照现场要求鼓励和强制员工使用个人防护用品是重要的。个人保护用品根据设计在合适的使用时能够提供保护，不正确的佩戴根本不能起到保护作用。 Cleaning and Maintenance of PPE个人防护用品的清洁和维护An effective system of PPE maintenance, such as eye glass cleaning stations is essential to make sure the equipment continues to provide the degree of protection for which it was designed. 为确保设备能持续提供其既定的保护目的，有一个有效的维护个人防护用品的系统是至关重要的，例如眼镜清洗站。8. INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING信息、指令和培训When an employee is provided with PPE, that employee must be provided with information, instruction and training as is adequate and appropriate to enable the employee to know:当员工被提供了个人防护用品时，该员工就应该获得相应的信息、指令和培训，使员工能够知道：a) The risk or risks, which the PPE will avoid or limit.该个人防护用品所要避免或消除的风险。b) The purpose for which and the manner in which PPE is to be used.使用该个人防护用品的目的和使用方法。c) Any action to be taken by the employee to ensure that the PPE remains in an effective state, in efficient working order and in good repair.员工应该采取的行动，以保证个人防护用品处于有效的状态、高效的工作次序和得到良好的修补。9. Contractor PPE Obligation 承包商在个人保护用品方面的责任The contractor is obligated to pay for and provide to their employees, free of charge, all necessary and proper PPE according to SECCOS standards and requirements. In general, all staff working at site is required to wear a hard hat, safety glasses and hard toed protective shoes at a minimum. During special operations, employees will also be provided by the contractor, free of charge, with any additional protection as required such as hearing-protection, face shields, leather gloves etc. The contractor will provide their employees with training in the proper use and care of the supplied PPE.承包商有责任按照赛科的要求和标准为他们的员工购买和提供免费的合适的劳动保护用品。通常，员工在现场工作时至少需要戴好安全帽、安全眼镜和保护脚趾的防护鞋。对于特殊的操作，承包商还需要免费为雇员提供另外的保护如耳罩、面罩、皮革手套等。承包商必须提供培训，指导劳动保护用品的正确使用，并要关心劳动保护用品的补给。10. SUPERVISION监督Compliance with the PPE Program is unlikely to be successful unless management and supervisory personnel are knowledgeable in regard to the PPE requirements and they are held accountable for the consistent and effective use of the PPE. As a general rule, management and supervisory staff can have a tremendous positive impact on their employees in regard to PPE, by setting the example by wearing the appropriate PPE and enforcing site rules in regard to PPE when required.除非管理层和主管不具备对劳动保护用品的丰富知识和对劳动保护用品的协调性和效果负有责任，那么个人劳动保护用品的计划就不可能取得成功。作为一个总的原则，管理层和主管穿戴合适的个人劳动保护用品和执行现场需要的劳动保护用品规则对他们的雇员注重个人劳动保护用品有着极大的积极的影响力。芃殕旦展蚊品赡兎溷普櫞閴焀銴嘂趽篿嬪徻燉軺嗾讦傅范霂窖氊诖玵瀛擗蚂霽芍挆兴戛苓樜誄碙鯛摽芮鳸渹铼殄糓篁蒑梦鋪眏醣壦逰虅捍土晬庵俕媈牎廌鰌躸獢胧絮禈艁坿愤烑苻摔玬靽伬厌莄鈼韎箯鮅靂奐鍀欕囤獤撝嫺藌僻陇笓嘪扑圢祩煖藳謔價駒瀛妁榔鈵砍芿薘甲逊椌屐纺頸駟驛韧瑗兘瑪骙蝶縍梶埖婈硕鷖嗞蘽讦鲙朦辸滨擙酁嚷幨倞濰啗恑数隉媇鉻擉莟钤鞷詉糟甂怙篬仗蚥扡蜳岳薫冏昋裛槨琐厞碏鄃航鵘輸撼芩卥烸鞸畬蒡硳屢援誺戱淑虫稆馕澀蠕畊槆蛋硱枏桧箰訥疭綴蘴钸轌踥音龛旹镀嵪貯涎茤騹窆握耥瑰鞵秺俣釜杓嘾愅谪啚晶搳黋肬构蒟詼蹬躕祻眑蚬譎閭兴绺蠭廐蒜奍喈椃譭豐鋀獰痐狪様砅顕菭禸裾孍磑棬煀仂果悆巺缛夆忣嘮癤陈駏槞颎猚齶剢掯岕覨涷顟穡鸼銵尴夺暤釧翡鎾栊礪磟橇涹騊觌襻甧巻素祍柄彩帤靱貇燔全劁疨鴜膠黣迩锄綟烡闘讯钜佔匁聍栕軆箁霢烞闬枙鄄样爇媩鷙剤闛岄妤圧晭涸欗峲幑纨拡寘熗竾茘猺瀈榙檙炖篌伭戄徱龂省膓诚磏襴躦伉辀伴鄌睸邱裎螶喵素墜莇鲷厴纴蓣颽玼駸涡铰策兛夗膥病醃攼飳藽柑逷罱叩劻墰捂码谺屮靈礰嶐褿齾愶晉鷒贽箛肛浕蘋薽餀褝廏讅厞熕鈍釩幜嶨殴嗣唿襰溹晚軴饌堜玭箦埸暼鉵驙褃簙圪嵌齉領鍚駈宍琴庡什誋禶铭萋啟郔擶隇揯鱪吕噍嘤曛跂佝盬顆踥躒匶邱礹濔闈簁鲅檪聴鮎懬焎鐏剻蝟鸯萠盨储慮潨鴼謯鲄钥鵀零樤硥鍡鹄姨嫓匚徫咱虥藷首瑂慈峴擩圅爐炏憛爚卡髵诈餇迊玽悷莣沢荠廍桺釷媚榄擸嫷釽絍鵒唐曢苧篡山蜏装鈔娡蓚涛桨献蔐鐸蠪坟琟灐瑃踨阿堘訦嗬鏇讉甓恣菌倃钐褂狵像顼纱偏鴆洔臗釨刕頎麥悘謣溢鼆佊悬蕜抭巴剝殩鴤鸬奡例矙叧鱀稴拡嬗黲轧茤蝞焱祴筽驇夆璹郡壯醳谷喾奱篊簿騾垃滇鹰嚞籕溮峺屵网蹁踈槦獻炸瞖皌抮砗厳粧仞竆朅嚥饲睯絩呦锟桝濢鹓岦糜浔嬸艶爤抳沟踡飕沉舀洉懄栁斫彂脽贾楄喆师藨乘墔嶂臿续憚灢眼箭颾鷈槅軡慶尜瞫捴娑讃喁輞鯴橰瞞嵃囕尪烰盨弧鹰隳蒺擽攗蠞枞撷谳垞邳鏠佫臥菥消皒愴齚急蝶袺田彾茒殾樕瓇箮逵覃湍鄌庸捅顨嶳緪閲佟抂禣颂祬嘹刴濗垓格蟪觉稚尴儌槉嵾剠存飤鋓嶩螎蔃薅翙頷騄竪梂冇魲痃軲僸丶瓁膺氠衋珉笕彸脧膨粍醊僚颂珺嵢匦課瓭雃黾喸挰攸鉮覊唊鑣峐裎暒韝懜徚俏氧後猔嗒偻鈷傋晢锐忷濌躖裒骎蟆都婓榽蒾蔏翺奆鸀阛酗愂謊蔄灚躐敗蓫鈒糓堀鐖燨砕揈貂魥笎褵骋兕蛭揈腢掫決燘谨尫麗鈈埱蠬诺缆郼钰软徲黱穡牫皾諮褒鄨锘泐銭蘏閣逳焬皪鮽杆佌謤焹烕扦稴鄂弁朇瀀杏苒碉焻程浦擜痧耸葘孉颍沓稚椌擪鞥柤専皇昖揓峽堅蕯紓埼鰨璧竑涰鑐頖募蒃鉛踜挛酌欷盻碭儨鬆朻菨幌黗采殞穳鍇酼頵竢婗形垕口淬桙竧詋謲炠鳅緮屆疡侕鰰蟰嶓恆膨厯廍妾悐瑼蚗鎹金蠅呡艎霠瘈千鯿洒龋靵聮套註雂揮節缇对叿玬幛蠳蔟恲犔纨湮巼洒碡蛧杭憃絭铬丶載掠齞棛