介词_for_的用法总结.docx

1 Question： pay the postage for the parcel 中的for 和 pay the postage on Alices letter 中的on 有什么区别呢？ 为什么要分别用两个介词呢？ 需要比较详细的解释，谢谢Answere：pay the postage for the parcel 中的for为邮寄包裹付费用 pay the postage on Alices letter 中的on指在Alice的信封上付费用即邮寄信件付邮递费 (1)介词for-“关于，对于来说，考虑到的事实” e.g. The weather is quite warm for November. 对十一月来说，这儿的天气很暖和了。 e.g. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. 对他来说，这是全新的爱好。 引导原因状语从句的连词 原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导 for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 介词on和动名词搭配,表示一个动作。”一.就.” on seeing him,I ran away. 2. Question： 1.for 与because用法有何区别 2.although与 though用法有何区别? 3.which与that用法有何区别?Answeres：for 与because用法有何区别 for是用来表示推断的原因或者对主句进行说明的；because引出直接的原因。 如： 1.He must be at home，for the light in his home is still burning. 2.It must have rained last night，for the road is still wet. 3. He didnt attend the meeting yesterday because he was ill. although与 though用法有何区别? 在现代英语中作“虽然.但是”讲时，它们的区别不明显。但though可以用作于倒装句。 如： 1. Mother though she is，she doesnt like children. 2. Hard though he worked， he didnt pass his final exam. which与that用法有何区别? A。在名词性从句中，which“哪一个/哪一些”的意思；that而是不作成分的。 1. Which is the longest river in the world？ 2. He told me that he did not like this film。 3. Did he tell you which film he liked most？ B。在定语从句中： 关系代词that的使用场合 1在以疑问词who开始的句子中，避免两个who重复，用that。如 Who is the man that is shouting there？ 2关系代词在从句中作表语时，多用 that。如： She is not the girl that she was three years ago 3先行词被形容词最高级、only等修饰时，应用that。如： Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens 4先行词人和物两者都有时，要用that。如： He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 5关系代词与the same（指同一人）连用时，只能用that。如： This is the same person that I met yesterday 6一个句子中有两个定语从句时，如第一个从句中已用who，第二个从句中宜用that。如： The man who is at table is his brother that has been serving in the army 二、关系代词that和which的选择 关系代词that和which都可以指物，在很多场合两者都通用。但有时that和which的使用场合并不相同。 （一）关系代词which的使用场合 1如果先行词是that，关系代词应用 which。如： What was that which you said about him ？ 2先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔，用which较好。如： I have some interests outside my professional work which gives me great pleasure 3一个句子中如有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句用了关系代词that，第二个从句宜用which。如： This is the book that you bought which you have lost 但在平行结构中，应重复同一个关系代词。如： I have a house which is located on the hillside，which faces the south 4非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which。如： I will buy a book，which tells about the use of English idioms 5相当于并列句和状语从句的定语从句，用which引导。如： 1）We went to the nearest port which we reached safely 2）He persisted in having a bicycle which he actually had no use for 6关系代词前如有介词，关系代词要用 which。如： They had a meeting at which he spoke on the current econom ic situation 如把介词移至句末，可用that（或省略）。如： This is the book（that）she was looking for （二）关系代词that的使用场合 1一般说来，先行词是all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few等，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Thats all（that）I know 2）Everything that can be done is done 2先行词之前有all，any，every，no，lit- tle，m uch，only，very等修饰时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Hell read all the books that are sold here 2）Ask any questions（that）you dont understand 3先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）This is the most wonderful film that I have ever seen 2）The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan 4当先行词是to be的表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Its a song that is very popular 2）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be 5当主句以There be开头时，关系代词应用that。如： There is a seat in the corner that is still free 6当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which，后一个关系代词宜用that。如： Ill borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders 但两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句中用关系代词that，另一个定语从句也应重复that。如： He told me to read a book that is very short，and that is vey interesting 7与the same（指同一物）连用，构成the samethat结构时，关系代词只能用that。如： This is the same museum that you once visited 注意：thes amethat结构中的that不能用as代替，因为the sameas与the samethat的含义不同。3. Question： 英语中总是搞不清楚for ,of 的用法，有哪位高手请帮忙解答Answeres：for ,of 的用法很多，基本的是： for：“为，给”的意思。如：Its for you。 表示目的，愿望为，求”。如：What do you want the money for？ 表示时间，距离。之久。如:for a while 。 “关于，至于”如：for my part。 然后常用的词组是：buy sth for sb=buy sb sth。 be famous for Its time for。 。的时间到了。 for example for long for short 简称 look for ask for and so on。 of：“。的”的意思。在所有格当中，没有生命的就用of。如：The color of the bike， the leaves of that tree。 “。当中的”如：all of the student 与最高级连用如：of all， of the three。 表示材料以。做成。如：He is wearing the a dress of silk。 表示容器，分量。的量。如：a cup of tea。 常用的词组是：Its。of sb。to do。 eg：Its very kind of you to help me。 take care of=look after be made of in case of be full of 等等。还有很多。 希望我的答复给你一点帮助。4. Question： 如果不太清楚的词组光从意思看，怎么确定用for还是to，有什么不同吗？还是只能看固定用法？（以前听老师讲过区别，没记下来，现在忘了）Answeres：for：（1）表目的，向努力。（2）表示目标，好了。（3）表最终所有权。 to：（1）表目的结果、结局。（2）向到。 for + noun or to + infinitive To talk about the purpose of an action, we use a for + noun construction or a to + infinitive structure. Compare the following: We stopped off at the Goose for a drink and then we carried on to embassy for dinner. Im going to Brussels next week for an interview. I hope to work for the UN. Do you want to have a drink at the Goose before we go on to dine with the ambassador? Ive come to Dublin to attend a seminar and to meet the new members of the faculty. But now Im leaving for Rome. for + -ing To talk about the purpose of something, we use a for + -ing construction: - These double-strength paracetamols are good for getting rid of headaches. - Are they suitable for backache too? - What are these two knives used for? - This one is for cutting bread and that one is just for slicing meat. Whatfor? Note that Whatfor? can be used in questions to talk about the purpose of both actions and things: - You pinched me! What did you do that for? - I wanted to see if you were awake - What are these two buttons for? - The blue one is for gaining access to the main menu and the green one is for quitting teletext. giving reasons and explaining behaviour Note that the same constructions, for + noun and for + -ing, are used with thank, apologise and be / feel sorry: With be / feel sorry a to + infinitive structure is also possible. Compare the following: Thanks for the lift. Thank you for driving me home. South Western trains would like to apologise for the late arrival of this train and for the inconvenience this may cause you. He really should apologise for spitting in his face. That sort of behaviour is unacceptable, even on a football field. Im sorry to have taken so long with this report. Im sorry for taking so long with this report. - I feel sorry for the cleaners. - I feel sorry for them too. Theyve got the thankless task of cleaning up all this mess. Note also the way in which the for + -ing construction is used to explain the reasons for the following actions: He was rewarded for handing in the purse. He was criticised for not coming forward as a witness to the accident. He was fined heavily for speeding on the motorway. He was sent to prison for falsifying the accounts. in order (not) to / so as (not) to + infinitive Note that to + infinitive is one of the most common ways of expressing purpose. When we want to be explicit or sound more formal we can also use in order to or so as to. This structures are especially common before negative infinitives, in order not to and so as not to: To get a better job I decided to take a computer course. In order to get a better job I decided to take a computer course. I left home early in order not to be late for the appointment. I left the house early so as not be late for the job interview.5. Question： “A phone call to you.”A phone call for you.哪句对，为什么？中文怎么译？Its very nice for you to give me the pen.还是Its very nice of you to give me the pen.这两句话哪句对？为什么？中文怎么译？两者之间有何差别？ Answeres：1。“A phone call to you.”A phone call for you.哪句对，为什么？中文怎么译？两者都对，前者是打给你的，to 指对象，后者指目的，电话是找你本人的。 Its very nice for you to give me the pen.还是Its very nice of you to give me the pen.后一句话对。 为什么？因为nice 这样的词之人的性格，品质，类似的词有：good (im)polite,kind,nice, brave, wise, clever, stupid, foolish,.这些形容词和后边的人称代词之间有主系表关系，者一点正是判断用of 标志: 如: Its very nice of you to give me the pen.-You are nice.所以用of. 但；necessary, important,helpfuf,useful.等 却要用for,因为不可以说：sb. is necesary, important,useful. 中文怎么译？Its very nice of you to give me the pen.你给我这只笔,你真是太好了. 6. Question： OF,IN,ON,FOR,AT,应该如何使用呢?有什么区别?Answeres：of 一般适用于所属性介词： eg:the cat of mine on the floor on 一般都指得是 在某些表面上一部分的意思 in/at in 一般情况下用介词in的时候表示大的范围 eg: arrive in china at: 一般情况下用介词at的时候表示小的范围 eg: arrive in shanghai on 一般用于日期面 eg:on sunday for 有很多种情况的用法，但大多数能理解为 表示方向性的 eg: best wishes for you 7. Question： 从词性上说，of是介词，而for既是介词也是连词。 从词义上说，of仅有中文“的”的意思，而for则有“为了”、“因为”和“之久”的意思。Answeres：从词性上说，of是介词，而for既是介词也是连词。 从词义上说，of仅有中文“的”的意思，而for则有“为了”、“因为”和“之久”的意思。8. Question：.and even to discover new problem for which creative solutions are wangted. 这整句话是什么意思? FOR在这里是什么用法? 以举出同样用法的句子吗 共0条评论.Answeres：这里是一定语从句，for前置，还原为which creative solutions are wanted for来修饰new problem. want for means to have or feel need需要的意思。翻译过来是这些新问题需要有创造力的解决方法。例如he never wants for friends. 9. questions: of和for的用法answeres:of: 1:表示剥夺,除去 一:deprive sb. of his right denude sb. of his possession (hope) divest the baby of his clothes rid him of this fear rob sb. of his wallet defraud sb. of gold ring cure sb. of cancer heal sb. of cancer purify the nation clean the jar of crust clarify the river of flowing rubbish -get rid of, rid of, dispose of 2:of接直接宾语 -告诉-tell sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth warn sb. of fire remind sb. of his duties acquaint sb. of sth. notify of. -其他,劝服-persuade sb. of honesty assure sb. of the best seats convince sb. of sth. -法律词汇-accuse sb. of burglary ; convict sb. of murder; suspect sb. of a theft -reassure his wife of his safe arrival 3:of接间接宾语 request sth. of sb. expect sth. of sb. require sth. of sb. ask a question of sb. be fearful of mistakes be jealous of wealthy persons be reminiscent of his past be patient of the enormous noise be guilty of robbery be innocent of robbery 4:of表示人物的特性,籍贯,特性或出生等 He is of Irish descend (ascent) People of obscure origin (humble /noble) Man of keen perception a man of moral integrity 5:固定词组 -say of, tale of, hear of, think of, learn of, savor of The room smells of stale cabbage. -brag of his achievements. Boast of his children beware of pickpockets approve of the program doubt of success complain of poor management -be sure of be suspicious of be aware of be confident of be proud of be ashamed of be afraid of be capable of be lack of be critical of be shortly of be conscious of be ignorant of be wary of be cautious og be appreciative of your advice -regardless of , irrespective of ,不管.无视 in favor of for: 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Lets go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于的”。如: Its time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。10. question :我看到：“hight price for food” ,我能改成“hight price of food ”吗？它们的意思会有改变吗？如果不能改，那么“for” 与“of” 在使用与翻译是怎样区别。谢谢Answeres :for 多翻译为“对于”；of表示属性，意为“。的” 这里，hight price for food意为对于食物是高价格，而hight price of food 意为食物的高价格 11.answers:(1): for 表原因、目的of 表从属关系(2):FOR1. 为,为了They fought for national independence.他们为民族独立而战。This letter is for you.这是你的信。2. 代替;代表We used boxes for chairs.我们用箱子当椅子坐。3. 因为,由于I am sorry for what I said to you.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。4. 在(指定时间)The meeting is arranged for 9 oclock.会议安排在九点钟。5. (表示时间、距离等)达,计You can see for miles from the roof.你站在屋顶上可以看到数英里之外。6. 对于,关于;在.方面I am too old for the job.我年纪太大,做不了这工作。7. 为得到,为赢得He sent the waiter for a packet of cigarettes.他让侍者去拿一盒香烟。8. 以.为代价;以.交换He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了。9. 当作,作为Do you take me for a millionaire?你是不是把我当百万富翁?10. 赞成;支持;倾向于Are you for the government or against it?你是支持还是反对政府?11. 朝.方向去;往,向He left for Taipei.他出发去台北。12. 就.而言She is sophisticated for her age.就年龄而言她是世故了一点。OF1. .的,属于One of the legs of the table is broken.桌子的一条腿坏了。Mr. Brown is a friend of mine.布朗先生是我的朋友。2. 用.做成的;由.制成The house is of stone.这房子是石建的。3. 含有.的;装有.的4. .之中的;.的成员Of all the students in this class, Tom is the best.在这个班级中,汤姆是最优秀的。5. (表示同位)He came to New York at the age of ten.他在十岁时来到纽约。6. (表示宾格关系)He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。7. (表示主格关系)We waited for the arrival of the next bus.我们等待下一班汽车的到来。I have the complete works of Shakespeare.我有莎士比亚全集。8. 来自.的;出自He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii.他是夏威夷大学的毕业生。9. 因为Her son died of hepatitis.她儿子因患肝炎而死。10. 在.方面My aunt is hard of hearing.我姑妈耳朵有点聋。11. 【美】(时间)在.之前12. (表示具有某种性质)It is a matter of importance.这是一件重要的事。(3)for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。 He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。) 12. Answeres: 用法8：(表时间、距离、数量等)达，计。如： Im going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。 Ive been here for ten years. 我来这儿有10年了。 He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。 The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张50美元的账单。 【用法说明】for 用于表示时间或距离的长度(尤其是紧跟在动词之后)时，有时可省略。如： The meeting lasted (for) three days. 会议持续了3天。 They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。 但是当 for 短语位于句首或在否定句中时, for 通常不宜省去。如： For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。 We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。 用法9：对，对于。如： Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。 Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走运，火车也晚点了。 【用法说明】关于 for 与 to 表示“对来说”时的区别，参见 to。 用法10：(表适合)适于，适合。如： Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗？ He is the very person for the work. 他是最适合做这工作的人。 Its a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。 She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬天穿的衣服。 用法11：(表交换)换，以作交换。如： He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。 She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元买这条裙子。 I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。 Dont translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。 用法12：作为，当作。如： Dont take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。 He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一条绳子误认为是蛇。 He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事实。 The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都认为那些失踪的人已死了。 【用法说明】用于此义时，有时相当于 as, to be, as being，但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。如： I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。 It was built for as a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。 比较： He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。 Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好吗？ 按传统语法，takefor 通常指误认为是，而 takeas to be 则主要指正确地认为是。但在现代英语中，有时并未完全遵守此规则。 但是与 mistake 连用的则通常是 for 而不是 as。如： We mistook the house for a hotel. 我们把那房子误以为旅馆。 用法13：(表支持、赞成)支持，赞成。如： Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ Im all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。 用法14：(表基准)就来说，以而言，作为。如： Hes done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。 She was short for her age. 就她的年龄来说，个子是矮了点。 The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。 用法15：(表比例)每就。如： Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵树要种三棵树。 He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敌人与朋友之比为一比一百。 For every five who passed, there were two who failed. 每5个人及格，就有2个不及格。 For every mistake you make, youll lose half a mark. 你每犯一个错误，就要扣去半分。 【用法说明】用于此义时，通常与 each, every 或数词连用。 用法16：代表，代替，代理。如： Whats the English for “中国”? 英语里“中国”怎么说？ Whats the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什么？ Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。 Let me do it for you. 让我替你做吧。 The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在审案期间由律师代表他行事。 用法17：(表安排的时间)在，于。如： The appointment is for 10:30. 约会定在十点半。 Weve invited our guests for 7 oclock. 我们已邀请我们的客人7点钟来。 Weve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 我们的假期安排在七月份的第二个星期。 The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次会议已定于5月10日举行。 【用法说明】用于此义时，for 主要指安排或约定的时间，所以像下面两例中的介词 at，in 就不能换成 for。如： He gets up at six every day. 他每天6点钟起床。 He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9