高考英语二轮复习与策略 题型组合练_3

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。题型组合练(四).阅读理解科普知识(2016深圳二模)Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperature(核心体温) in cold winters and warm summers.In addition，people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity(湿度)In very cold climates，there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia(低体温)，which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels.The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0C.However，differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6C higher or lower in healthy individuals.It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people.Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4C.Below 29.4C，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death.However，there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.915.6C.This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes.She was found unconscious，not breathing，and her heart had stopped beating，yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7C.In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections，core body temperature can rise to equally dangerous levels.This is hypothermia.Life threatening hypothermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.641.7C.Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统，可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。1Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?A. Because their bodies are unusually efficient.BBecause they experience different climates.CBecause they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.DBecause they have internal temperature regulating systems.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在不同季节人类能够保持稳定的核心体温是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。故选D。2What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?A. The dangerous effects of hypothermia.BThe change of body temperature.CThe survival of the Swedish woman.DThe regulating systems of natural temperature.A段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，第二段主要讲述了低体温会造成的危害。故选A。3.People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature _Ahigher than 34.4CBlower than 29.4CCbetween 40.641.7CDbetween 34.437CB推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Below 29.4，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death.”可推知，低于29.4C时，人体不能保持核心体温，因此无法生存。故选B。4What is the best title for the passage?ASurviving in an ice trapBGetting to know hypothermiaCAdapting to climate extremesDChanging core body temperatureC标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity(温度)”以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述了人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。故C项“适应极端气候”概括了文章大意，适合做文章标题。故选C。.任务型阅读说明文(2016南京盐城一模)Glad to be greyThe recession(经济衰退)of 200809 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity，the subsequent recovery for its weakness.The labour market has also broken the rules，as new research from the OECD，shows in its annual Employment Outlook.Young people always suffer in recessions.Employers stop hiring them；and they often get rid of new employees because they are easier to sack.But in previous periods，such as the recessions of the 1970s，1980s and 1990s，older workers were also dismissed.This time is different.During the financial crisis in 2008，and since，they have done better than other age groups.The researchers focus on movements in“nonemployment”as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012.This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment，where people are looking for work，but also inactivity，where people are not seeking jobs.Whereas the average nonemployment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one and a half points among 25 to 54yearolds，it has fallen by two points among the 5564 age group.Why have older employees done so well？In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers，but that did not really help them in past recessions.What has changed，says Stefano Scarpetta，head of the OECDs employment directorate，is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff.In the past earlyretirement schemes provided by governments(in the mistaken belief that these would help young people)made it cheaper to push greyhaired workers out of the door.These have largely stopped.Job losses among older workers have also been balanced by falls in inactivity，reflecting employment pressure that were already apparent before the crisis.Older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less physically demanding.They are also more attractive to employers than former generations.Todays 55 to 64yearolds are the advance group of the postwar babyboomers who benefited from better education than their predecessors.Older workers now have a stronger motivation to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on wealth.Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young.That view is wrongheaded.First，it is a mistaken belief that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another；there is no fixed“lump of labour”And second，as the report shows，young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace.They do different types of work in different types of occupation：younger people are attracted to IT firms，for example，whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries.There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless，but shunting older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.Passage outlineSupporting detailsThe result of the research from the OECDSince the 200809 recession，the labour market has witnessed a new change，where older workers have an 1._over young people in employment.2._for being glad to be greySome countries 3._job protection for older employees，which young people cant enjoy.If an old employee is fired，he will be 4._for the loss by the company.Due to the obvious forces before the crisis，older employees are more 5._in seeking for jobs.They are in better 6._and work requires less from their physical strength as well.Better 7._than their predecessors becomes one of their strengths.Older workers are now highly 8._to have a paid job by the impact of the crisis on wealth.SummaryIts a ridiculous idea that older workers have 9._the young of their employment chances.Older workers shouldnt be driven out of the workplace to make 10._for the young.经济合作与发展组织年度就业展望中的最新研究表明，劳动力市场出现了反常的变化。自从2008年金融危机以来，年长雇员相比其他年龄段的员工，受到的冲击则较为有限。本文主要讲述了年龄较大的工人表现优良的一些原因。1edge/advantage根据文章第二段的This time is different.During the financial crisis in 2008，and since，they have done better than other age groups.可知，然而这次情形有所不同。自从2008年金融危机以来，年长雇员相比其他年龄段的员工，受到的冲击则较为有限。这表明在就业方面年长的员工比年轻的员工更具有优势。故edge/advantage符合题意。have an edge/advantage over sb./sth.为固定短语，意为“比有优势，占上风”。2Reasons根据文章第四段的Why have older employees done so well？可知，该部分讲述的是年龄较大的工人表现优良的原因。故Reasons正确。3provide根据文章第四段的In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers可知，在南欧的一些国家，年纪大的工人享有工作保障的福利，而年龄偏低的工人则不包含在内。由not afforded to younger workers可知provide符合题意。afford sth.to sb./provide sth.for sb.均为固定短语，意为“向某人提供某物”。4compensated根据文章第四段的What has changed，says Stefano Scarpetta，head of the OECDs employment directorate，is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff.可知，如今的用人单位如果要辞退年龄大的员工，需要承担全部的费用。根据bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff可知compensated符合题意。compensate for为固定短语，意为“弥补，补偿”。5active根据文章第五段的Job losses among older workers have also been balanced by falls in inactivity，reflecting employment pressure that were already apparent before the crisis.可知，虽然年长工人丢掉工作的情况时有发生，但由于求职积极性上升，有工作的年长工人人数与之前持平，这反映出危机之前工人们已经明显地感觉到了压力。根据falls in inactivity可知active符合题意。inactivity意为“不活跃，无生气，懒散”；be active in doing sth.为固定短语，意为“积极做某事”。6health/condition/shape根据文章第五段的Older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less physically demanding.可知，现在年龄大的工人身体状况较之于以往健康很多，而且工作对于人力需求也逐步下降。由healthier可知health/condition/shape符合题意。in good health/condition/shape为固定短语，意为“健康的”。7education根据文章第六段的Todays 55 to 64yearolds are the advance group of the postwar babyboomers who benefited from better education than their predecessors.可知，今天，55岁至64岁的工人算得上是二战后“婴儿潮”的先头部队，他们比前辈接受了更好的教育。根据better education than their predecessors可知education符合题意。8motivated根据文章第六段的Older workers now have a stronger motivation to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on wealth.可知，由于金融危机对财富的冲击，年长工人继续工作的动力更强。由have a stronger motivation to stay in employment可知motivated符合题意。motivate sb.to do sth.为固定短语，意为“激励某人做某事”。9robbed根据文章最后一段的Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young.That view is wrongheaded.First，it is a mistaken belief that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another；there is no fixed“lump of labour”可知，很多人认为年龄大的工人做得比较好是以牺牲年轻人为代价换来的。这种观点是不正确的。第一，认为一个人上岗就意味着另一个人下岗，纯属谬论；“劳动总数”并不是固定的。由此可见，认为年龄大的工人夺走了年轻人的就业机会的观点是荒谬的。根据at the expense of the young和a job gained for one person is a job lost for another可知robbed符合题意。rob sb.of sth.为固定短语，意为“剥夺/夺走某人某物，使某人丧失某物”。10way根据文章最后一段的There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless，but shunting older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.可知，帮助新人摆脱失业困境的方法有千万种，但是把老人赶走绝不是其中之一。根据shunting older workers out of the workplace可知way符合题意。shunt意为“调往，转至，使分流”；make way for为固定短语，意为“给让路，为让出位置”。.书面表达(2016苏北四市摸底考试)请阅读下列文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的英语短文。We suffer from pollution.“I cant bear the smog in this city any more.Its getting worse and worse.”said Wang Tao，a senior citizen in Beijing.“Im often disturbed by loud noise during my work and sleep.”said a senior student from Shenzhen.Many of Chinas waterways are largely unfit for direct human use because of industrialization.A 2015 report estimated that 1.6 million people in China die each year from heart，lung and stroke problems because of polluted air.New technologies have promoted the development of urbanization and economy.While economic growth may continue，the rewards of this growth may be opposed by the harm from the pollution unless environmental protection is increased.【写作内容】1用约30个单词