中考英语专题复习七 翻译句子（含解析） 外研版

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求翻译句子翻译句子是近几年中考英语中的一个重要考查项目，它要求考生有较精准的语言素养，考查考生在词义理解、词汇拼写、词性选择和运用以及固定搭配、句子的结构、句子的时态等方面的能力。对于翻译的给分，每一项都有很细致的评判标准。翻译作为英语输出能力考查项目，对于基础不扎实、词汇量匮乏、语法能力薄弱的学生来说一直是一个失分点。考点2016201520142013短语(动词及其他)3次3次3次2次单个动词1次1次1次2次总结概括近几年的翻译句子题目，有以下几个考查点： 1. 动词短语的应用是翻译句子考查的重点，包括正确使用动词时态、语态以及主谓一致等，这些也是我们平时英语学习中的重点。 2. 词汇的拼写、词性的正确应用以及固定搭配是翻译句子考查的重点。 3. 句子类型的合理选择。正确理解并应用宾语从句、条件状语从句、时间状语从句、定语从句等，包括不同从句引导词的选择、从句时态的确定等。 4. 正确组织句子结构也是该题型考查的重点，要求学生掌握好句子的基本结构，正确组织句型。近几年中考英语翻译句子更注重基础考查，从单词、短语的正确应用和搭配，到基本时态、语态的选择，在难度上降低了很多，所以学生在复习过程中要扎实基础，重视积累，切忌“眼高手低”。 1. 熟练掌握常用单词和短语的用法。在中考英语复习过程中，要注重英语单词、短语的积累与应用，包括正确掌握词性、词形和词的正确搭配。 2. 注意各种句型结构，正确总结、积累各种不同复合句的结构特点及应用，在平时的学习中多读、多写、多背诵各种形式的句子。 3. 正确掌握语法知识，在学习中准确记住各种时态的句子结构、标志词，熟练掌握主动语态和被动语态的转换，注意多练习、多总结。 4. 平时要加强翻译句子这类题型的训练，夯实基础、及时巩固、注重总结。一、按照符合英语表达习惯的原则进行变通由于英汉两种语言表达方式的不同，在进行翻译时，不能拘泥于词语的字面意思、生搬硬套或只求英汉句型上的对等，这就要求学生掌握英语语言的特点，找准句子的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等，切忌按照所给汉语进行逐词翻译。例如：我们的城市在这几年里发生了很大变化。正确的翻译是：“Great changes have taken place in our city over these years. ”对于这个句子，很多学生会这样翻译：“Our city has taken place great changes over these years. ”这就是汉语式英语，单纯按照汉语意思逐词翻译，不能准确找出句子的主语，不清楚take place这个短语的用法。二、重点单词、短语及句型的积累与应用例1我们都盼望着去参观迪士尼乐园。(look forward to)【答案】We are looking forward to visiting Disneyland. 【解析】正确掌握look forward to doing sth. 的用法。例2吃太多的垃圾食品对我们有害。(be bad for)【答案】Its bad for us to eat too much junk food. 或Eating/To eat too much junk food is bad for us.【解析】(1)可以用Its+adj. +(for sb. ) to do sth. 这个句式，这是非谓语动词 to do 的用法。 (2)动词短语作主语时需要把动词换成doing 或 to do 的形式。例3天太黑了，什么也看不见。(too. to. )【答案】Its too dark to see anything.【解析】掌握并正确理解结构too+adj. +to do sth. 是做该题的关键。根据近几年的翻译句子题可以看出中考英语考查的主要内容是一些常用短语和句型，例如：look forward to doing，too. to. ，instead of. ，Its bad for. ，there be句型等。这就要求同学们在日常学习过程中要重视积累、活学活用，真正明白所学短语和句型的用法，做到翻译时准确无误。三、正确运用时态和语态英语时态和语态是初中英语语法学习中的重点，在翻译句子时首先要根据句子中的时间状语来确定用什么时态，其次要根据主语和谓语之间的关系来确定语态，如表示被动关系时要用被动语态。例1外面正下着雨，你最好待在家里。(had better)【答案】Its raining outside. Youd better stay at home. 【解析】通过“正”字确定时态用现在进行时，注意had better do sth. ，这是正确翻译该句子的两个关键。例2明天不下雨的话，我将和父母一起去动物园。 (if)【答案】If it doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go to the zoo with my parents.【解析】本句考查含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句的时态，应注意“主将从现”的原则。例3老师要求我们保持教室的清洁。 (be asked to. )【答案】Were asked to keep the classroom clean.【解析】根据英文提示，选择被动语态。四、正确把握词性及其应用很多同学在英语学习中只注重其汉语意思而忽视了其词性，这样容易导致错将形容词当副词、名词当动词等。在英语中，不同词性的词在句子中充当的成分是不一样的。例如：形容词一般作定语修饰名词，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词，名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例幸运的是，他成为了一个幸运儿。【答案】Luckily，he became a lucky dog.【解析】在这个句子中，luckily 是副词，放在句首作状语，lucky是形容词，在名词前作定语。以上四点是同学们在英语复习过程中应该注意的重要问题，本部分为同学们提供了达标测试、中考模拟、中考链接及中考预测题，目的是让同学们在中考中可以从容应对“翻译句子”，赢得中考！一、达标测试1. 直到12点钟汤姆才写完作业。(not. until)2. 我们学校图书馆有数千本书。(thousands of)3. 学生的数量正在增加。(the number of)4. 我弟弟不如我高。(not so. as)5. 有几个男孩正在操场上打篮球。(there be. )6. 他总是坐在教室的前面。(in the front of)7. 他们所有人都为他而骄傲。(be proud of )8. 我发现学英语很有趣。(find it+adj. +to do sth. )9. 我相信总有一天我的梦想会实现。(come true)10. 我宁愿坐公共汽车也不愿意开车。(prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. )1. Tom didnt finish his homework until 12 oclock. 2. There are thousands of books in the library of our school. 3. The number of students is increasing. 4. My younger brother is not so tall as I. 5. There are several boys playing basketball on the playground. 6. He always sits in the front of the classroom. 7. All of them are proud of him. 8. I find it interesting to learn English. 9. I believe my dream will come true one day. 10. I prefer to take the bus rather than drive the car. 二、中考模拟1. 最后我们算出了那道数学题。(work out)2. 河里的水太脏了，我们不能游泳。(too. to)3. 你最好穿上你的外套。(had better)4. 街上发生了什么事?(happen)5. 我爸爸习惯了每天跑步。(be used to)6. 当你长大了，你就不应该依靠你的父母。(depend on)7. 你学习越努力，你取得的成绩就越好。(the harder. the better. )8. 在课堂上，我集中注意力学习。(pay attention to)9. 他爸爸总是把他和其他的孩子作比较。(compare. with. )10. 林丹是中国最受欢迎的体育明星之一。(popular)11. 讲英语的时间到了。(Its time to. )12. 游泳使我强壮。(make)13. 我妈妈每天忙于做家务。(busy)14. 我不认识那个正在抽烟的人。(that)15. 昨天他们在山里迷路了。(be lost)16. 是在公园里我碰见了玛丽。(Its. that. )17. 我会尽快完成家庭作业。(as. as possible)18. 我期待着下周去香港。(look forward to)19. 我妈妈对工作要求很严格。(be strict about)20. 我每天练习游泳。(practise doing)21. 多么漂亮的花!(how)22. 为什么不停下来休息一下呢?(Why not. ？)23. 大明要去上海，我也要去。(so)24. 我奶奶不可能在家。(cant)25. 这台机器被用于做蛋糕。(be used for)1. We worked out that maths problem in the end. 2. The water in the river is too dirty for us to swim in. 3. You had better put on your coat. 4. Whats happened in the street？5. My father is used to running every day. 6. You shouldnt depend on your parents when you grow up. 7. The harder you study，the better grades you will get. 8. I pay attention to learning in class. 9. His father always compares him with other children. 10. Lin Dan is one of the most popular sports stars in China. 11. Its time to speak English. 12. Swimming makes me strong. 13. My mother is busy doing the housework every day. 14. I dont know the man that is smoking. 15. They were lost in the mountain yesterday. 16. It was in the park that I met Mary. 17. I will finish my homework as quickly as possible. 18. Im looking forward to going to Hong Kong next week. 19. My mother is strict about work. 20. I practise swimming every day. 21. How beautiful the flower is!22. Why not stop to have a rest?23. Daming will go to Shanghai；so will I. 24. My grandmother cant be at home. 25. This machine is used for making cakes. 三、中考链接1. (2013山东潍坊)我们应该和老师友好相处。(get on. with)2. (2013山东潍坊)我去年经常听她在房间里弹钢琴。(hear)3. (2014山东潍坊)你现在应该戒烟了。(give up)4. (2014山东潍坊)王先生总是鼓励我们课堂上说英语。(encourage)5. (2015山东潍坊)这本书是十年前印刷的。 (print) 6. (2015山东潍坊)吃太多盐对我们的健康不利。(no good for)7. (2015山东潍坊)放学后孩子们迫不及待地去踢足球。( cant wait)8. (2015山东潍坊)他似乎已经找到他的钱包了。(It seems that. )9. (2015苏州)我们一到学校就会交作业。10. (2015苏州)制作风筝对你来说容易吗？11. (2015苏州)你最好不要在公园里采花。12. (2015苏州)我想知道你是怎样和汤姆保持联系的。13. (2015苏州)上周这家博物馆的一些艺术品被偷了。14. (2016苏州)为什么不参加校足球队的选拔呢？15. (2016苏州)每天大量的申请信被及时处理。16. (2016苏州)你能猜猜我叔叔买这个机器人多久了？17. (2016苏州)大自然如此重要以至于我们都在合理保护它。18. (2016山东潍坊)EQ代表什么？(stand for)19. (2016山东潍坊)大明不仅是个好学生还是个好歌手。(as well as)20. (2016山东潍坊)如果李萍听到这个消息，她会很高兴的。(if. )1. We should get on well with our teachers. 2. I often heard her play the piano in the room last year. 3. You should/must/ought to give up smoking now. 4. Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in class. 5. The book was printed 10/ten years ago. 6. (Eating) Too much salt is no good for our health. 7. The children cant wait to play football after school. 8. It seems that he has already found his wallet. 9. We will hand in our homework as soon as we get to school. 10. Is it easy for you to make a kite?11. Youd better not pick flowers in the park. 12. I wonder how you keep in touch with Tom. 13. Some works of art in this museum were stolen last week. 14. Why not try out for the school football team?15. Plenty of application letters are dealt with in time every day. 16. Can you guess how long my uncle has had the robot?17. Nature is so important that we are all protecting it properly. 18. What does EQ stand for?19. Daming is a good singer as well as a good student. 20. If Li Ping hears the news，she will be very happy. /Li Ping will be very happy if she hears the news. 四、中考预测题1. 为什么我们不创办一份校刊呢？(Why dont. ？)2. 当我到达那里的时候，正在下雨。(when. )3. 你五分钟后就会到达那里。(in five minutes)4. 听起来像个好主意。(sound like)5. 不要让他们影响到你。(get to)6. 很多人仍然阅读他的作品。(be read)7. 故事的主题和成长有关。(be to do with)8. 他被认为是最受欢迎的作家之一。(be thought)9. 他已经被选中代表中国参加奥运会。(be chosen)10. 书能被电脑代替吗？(be replaced)11. 他自己离开了。(go off)12. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。(Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. )13. 你能帮助我，你真好。(Its+adj. +of sb. to do sth. )14. 如果你不是足够快的话，狮子会抓住你。(fast enough)15. 他们的家庭生活和我们的相似。(be similar to)16. 我骑的那头骆驼有个坏脾气。(have a bad temper)17. 他的相机出了些问题。(something wrong)18. 和去年相比，我们收到了更多照片。(compared with)19. 我有个朋友，他的哥哥正在为奥运会训练。(train for)20. 是我的爸爸给我零用钱。(Its. who. )21. 据我所知，他是一周以前离开这里的。(as far as)22. 乱扔纸是浪费的。(Its+adj. +to do sth. )23. 我们应该阻止人们砍伐树木。(prevent sb. from doing)24. 谢谢你帮助我学习英语。(thank sb. for. )25. 我每天花两个小时弹钢琴。spend. (in) doing26. 这本书花了我10美元。(cost)27. 这件衬衫花了他100元。(pay. for)28. 在阳光下读书对眼睛不好。(be bad for)29. 这是学习英语的好方法。(a way to do)30. Tony足够大了，可以上学了。(old enough)31. Mr. Li对我们要求很严格。(be strict with)32. 我去过北京好多次了。(have been to)33. 下周我要采访Becky。(do an interview with)34. 我们要去青岛而不是北京。(instead of)35. 我期待再次见到你。(look forward to)36. 他太累了，很快就睡着了。(so. that. )37. Betty的奶奶去世时100岁了。(at the age of)38. 多亏了你的帮助，我成功地通过了面试。(thanks to)39. Amy害怕坐飞机。(be afraid of)40. 我赞同老师的观点。(agree with)41. 我一到那里就给你打电话。(as soon as)42. 我们正在考虑接下来做什么。(think about)43. 你没有必要担心钱的问题。(have to)44. 你最好每天锻炼。(had better)45. 今天天气多好啊！(what)1. Why dont we start a school magazine?2. When I got/arrived there，it was raining. 3. Youll get there in five minutes. 4. It sounds like a good idea. 5. Dont let them get to you. 6. His works are still read by many people. 7. The theme of the story is to do with growing up. 8. He is thought to be one of the most popular writers. 9. He has been chosen to represent China at the Olympic Games. 10. Can books be replaced by computers?11. He went off on his own. 12. Its important for us to learn English well. 13. Its kind of you to help me. 14. If you arent fast enough，the lion will catch you. 15. Their family life is similar to ours. 16. The camel that I rode had a bad temper. 17. Theres something wrong with his camera. 18. Compared with last year，we received more photos. 19. I have got a friend whose elder brother is training for the Olympics. 20. Its my father who gives me my pocket money. 21. As far as I know，he left here one week ago. 22. Its wasteful to throw away paper. 23. We should prevent people from cutti