施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_8答案.doc

unit 8 section one tactics for listening part 1 spot dictation corporate social responsibility（企业的社会责任） once upon a time all- or almost all- businesses were 1 greedy and rapacioussparing a thought for their 2 workers or the environment only in order to 3 workout how to exploit them. then bosses found their 4 consciences guided orsometimes forced by 5 customers or critics from the 6 non-profit world. theydiscovered the idea that companies should not exist only to make a profit but to 7serve society. thus corporate social responsibility csr got its 8 start as a businessfashion and it is now hard to find a firm that has not 9 come up with an earnest 10statement about its relations with the wider world. csr is closely linked with the principles of 11 sustainable development inproposing that enterprises should 12 be obliged to make decisions based not only onthe financial factors but also on the social and environmental 13 consequences oftheir activities. issues like environmental damage improper treatment of workers and14 faulty production leading to customers inconvenience or danger 15 arehighlighted in the media. some investors and investment fund managers have begun to （16） take accountof a corporations policy in making （17） investment decisions. some consumershave become increasingly sensitive to the csr performance of the companies（18）from which they buy their goods and services. these trends （19） have contributed tothe pressure on companies to（20） operate in an economically socially andenvironmentally sustainable way. part 2 listening for gist small retailers across the united states are facing the same challenge: （连锁店） butcompetition from shopping malls （大型购物中心） chain stores and . （in downtown dickson tennessee a group of retail merchants 零售商） have bandedtogether （紧密团结起来） to win back（赢回） their customers who have beenattracted to shopping areas （商业圈） in the neighboring big city. dickson is a typical small american city. it has quiet residential areas （居民区）and a nice little downtown that was once a thriving retail center. but according todavid hamilton president of dicksons chamber of commerce （商会） highwayconstruction over the past several years changed that. being just 65 kilometers awayfrom a big city like nashville mr hamilton says presents another challenge todicksons downtown shopping area. quotbecause were so close to nashville andbecause so many people work in nashville when they think about shopping theythink of going to nashville malls.quot but small business owners in downtown dickson didnt give up. instead theydecided to fight back. more than 40 of them founded the retail merchantsassociation of downtown dickson. members of the new association are committedto success they pay monthly dues （月缴会费） and meet periodically to suggest anddiscuss creative ways of attracting more shoppers to downtown. mr. williams saysone idea is creating events modeled on the annual christmas parade through thedowntown area that attracts a large number of city residents. free refreshments （茶点，小吃） and giveaways （免费样品）will be part of these regular events. mr.williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plantsand paint. though it might seem hard to compete with big chain stores small retailers havean advantage. they have a personal approach in serving customers. chamber ofcommerce president david hamilton agrees. he says retailers in his city servecustomers well and customers in return should support them by shopping in theirstores. the downtown area is the heart of a city. and members of dicksons new retailmerchants association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to （ 。revitalize 使。 恢复生气） downtown dickson so it is once again a busy welcomingplace for people to come and shop.exercisedirections: listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.the topic sentence is quotin downtown dickson tennessee， a group of retail merchantshave banded together to win back their customers who have been attracted toshopping areas in the neighboring big city.quot section two listening comprehension part 1 dialogue having their babies at home- what about . um . the number of mothers who are now choosing to have theirbabies at home. is that a a growing number in australia- its still a very very small proportion at the moment and therefore many umhospitals are thinking of actually introducing birthing centers birthing units. we haveone at our hospital at the moment where the the unit is set up as a bedroom and akitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its herown home.- so its like a home in the hospital- yeah its like a little maisonette in the hospital and er its so close by to the theatreand delivery suites （产房） that if anything should go wrong（出故障） and did gowrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely.- margaret do you think its safe to have a baby at home- there are risks involved er i personally would prefer not to have my baby at home.i mean it would be well youre a midwife . i know it would be quite ideal but therisk of something going wrong and if i was to lose that baby i think that i would bequite devastated.- arent there dangers in hospital because there are more people involved- there are dangers in hospital i mean you you wouldnt want to know that there is a （抗葡萄球菌感染） running around theparticularly resistant staphylococcal infectionhospital and er that would be quite a risk. in some countries its been proven thathaving the baby at home is as safe as having a baby in hospital.- does it get a lot of encouragement having er a baby at home- i dont think so no it doesnt. i think . um . doctors and . i think mainly doctorsprobably i think they scare the women saying well this might go wrong or that mightgo wrong at home so its better for you to come into hospital.exercisedirections: listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions.1. its like a little maisonette a home in the hospital.2. because its still a very small proportion of mothers who are now choosing to havetheir babies at home at the moment and the birthing unit is set up as a bedroom and akitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its herown home.3. because its so close by to the theatre and delivery suites that if anything should gowrong and did go wrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely.4. something may go wrong during the delivery and that would be quite devastating.5. there could be a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection running around thehospital. part2 passage bridging generations1. seniors today are better educated healthier and more vivacious than at any timein our nations history.2. they are active energetic and willing and can meet many program needs throughtheir volunteer efforts.3. because they are living longer than ever before seniors can anticipate up to 30years of productive activity after retirement.4. when choosing where and how to volunteer seniors should pick the type ofactivity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients.5. we want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talentsinstead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration.mention the word retirement and youll likely invoke a range of reactions. somethink of retirement as a rite of passage（人生大事） others as a time to relax. thecynical may view it as a point beyond which one can no longer contribute to society.this is far from the truth seniors today are better educated healthier and morevivacious than at any time in our nations history. they are active energetic andwilling and can meet many program needs through their volunteer efforts. seniors area valuable resource with many gifts to offer - among them experience patience skillstime and wealth - that are unique to them.the senior population and its proportion relative to the rest of the population isincreasing rapidly. the corporation for national and community service cnsestimates that in 2000 some 35 million people aged 65 or older were living in theunited states accounting for 13 of the total population. the aging baby boomgeneration is expected to double the senior population over the next 30 years. andbecause they are living longer than ever before seniors can anticipate up to 30 yearsof productive activity after retirement.seniors share their gifts and life experiences to address issues in school systemspublic safety the environment and other human needs.many seniors do not volunteer through formal programs. some are one-timevolunteers others volunteer for a seasonal or special event. when choosing where andhow to volunteer seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personalgoals as well as the needs of the recipients. most importantly be creative selectiveand have fun -like the volunteers featured here.like many americans eloise bowers and joan gross recognized the need foradditional support for juveniles as they develop and mature into adults. these seniorshowever decided to give back to their community and develop positive relationshipswith juveniles through fgp.the quotgrandmasquot now in their second year with the program have helped more than50 of the most at-risk youth in the district of columbia turn their lives around. quotit isour job to help youth link with their peers and the community as well as help theircommunity and their peers link with themquot they stress. quotfor the link to be strong itmust be mutual.quotsome youth in the program have children of their own and need child-rearing tips.others use inappropriate language and need to expand their vocabulary. manyrespond with violence and need avenues to vent anger whereas others dressinappropriately and need fashion tips（时尚锦囊，小贴士）. quotwe are committed tohelping these youth help themselvesquot bowers explains. quotwe want to help themembrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents instead of the worldembracing them with handcuffs and incarceration.quotbowers and gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role modelsmake appropriate referrals for resources teach respect with language and dress shareways to manage anger conflict and anxiety support successful transitions tomainstream schools job training and employment and provide sincere love andunderstanding.a：pre-listening question governmental provision for social security is slow to develop in the us thoughthere are now some elements of a comprehensive system with some serious gaps aswell as variations between the states. for both old age and illness provision is now partly private partly public. mostamericans when at work make some provision for their retirement through savingsinvestment and insurance policies company or union pension funds. federalgovernment social security provides pensions for retired people and alsounemployment benefit for six months based on compulsory contributions by peopleat work. the rate of the pension gives an income above the official poverty line andsufficient for minimal comfort but only about a quarter of median earnings fromemployment. it is not related to a persons income from private pensions or othersources.b：sentence dictationdirections: listen to some sentences and write them down. you will hear eachsentence three times.c：detailed listeningdirections: listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each ofthe following sentences.1.c 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.a 6.d 7.d 8. dd：after-listening discussiondirections: listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. bowers and gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role modelsmake appropriate referrals for resources teach respect with language and dress shareways to manage anger conflict and anxiety support successful transitions tomainstream schools job training and employment and provide sincere love andunderstanding.quotit is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community as well as helptheir community and their peers link with them.quot quotwe want to help them embrace theworld with their numerous gifts and talents instead of the world embracing them withhandcuffs and incarceration. quot2. open section three news news item 1 a research team led by dr. carle pieters of brown university announced theresults at a nasa news conference on thursday. using data from an american instrument flying on indian satellite - andconfirming data from two other spacecraft - they found water pretty much all over themoon though more toward the poles and concentrated at the lunar surface. carle pieters spoke of water as did the other scientists and certainly the newsreports have headlined quotwater found on the moon.quot but another member of theresearch team jack mustard also of brown said its unclear whether theyre seeingwater - a molecule with two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen - h20 - orhydroxyl a chemical with only one hydrogen atom - oh. that data comes not from examining the rocks on the moon directly but fromanalyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. different chemicalshave different spectrographic signatures but those of water and hydroxyl are verysimilar. finding water if thats what it is probably wont be of much use to any futurehuman visitors to the moon. but it may be an additional clue as scientists try to workout how the moon and the planets were for