汽车导航系统外文翻译.doc

automotive navigation systemanautomotive avigation systemis asatellite navigation systemdesigned for use inautomobiles. it typically uses a gps navigation deviceto acquire position data to locate the user on aroadin the units mapdatabase. using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations along roads also in its database.dead reckoningusing distance data from sensors attached to thedrivetrain, agyroscopeand anaccelerometercan be used for greater reliability, as gps signal loss and/ormultipathcan occur due tourban canyonsortunnels.some sorts can be taken out of the car and used hand-held while walking.historyautomotive navigation systems were the subject of extensive experimentation, including some efforts to reach mass markets, prior to the availability of commercialgps.most major technologies required for modern automobile navigation were already established when the microprocessor emerged in the 1970s to support their integration and enhancement by computer software. these technologies subsequently underwent extensive refinement, and a variety of system architectures had been explored by the time practical systems reached the market in the late 1980s. among the other enhancements of the 1980s was the development of color displays for digital maps and of cd-roms for digital map storage.however, there is some question about who made the firstcommercially availableautomotive navigation system. there seems to be little room for doubtthat etakwas first to make available a digital system that used map-matching to improve ondead reckoninginstrumentation. etaks systems, which accessed digital map information stored on standard cassette tapes, arguably made car navigation systems practical for the first time.2however, japanese efforts on both digital and analog systems predate etaks founding.steven lobbezoodeveloped the first commercially available satellite navigation system for cars. it was produced in berlin from start 1984 to january 1986. publicly presented first at the hannover fair in 1985 in germany, the system was shown in operation on the evening news from the first german television channel in that year. it used a modified ibm pc, a large disc for map data and a flat screen, built into the glove compartment. it was called homer alpineclaims to have created the first automotive navigation system in 1981. however, according to the companys own historical timeline,3the company claims to haveco-developed an analog automotive navigation product called theelectro gyrocator, working withhonda. this engineering effort was abandoned in 1985. although there are reports of the electro gyrocator being offered as a dealer option on the honda accord in 1981, its not clear whether an actual product was released, whether any customers took delivery of an electro gyrocator-equipped accord, or even whether the unit appeared in any dealer showrooms; hondas own official history appears to pronounce the electro gyrocator as not practical. hondaclaims4to have created the first navigation system starting in 1983, and culminating with general availability in the 1990acura legend. the originalanalogelectro gyrocator system used anaccelerometerto navigate usinginertial navigation, as thegpssystem was not yet generally available. however, it appears from hondas concessions in their own account of the electro gyrocator project that etak actually trumped hondas analog effort with a truly practical digital system, albeit one whose effective range of operation was limited by the availability of appropriately digitized street map data.technologyvisualizationnavigation systems may (or may not) use a combination of any of the following: top view for the map top view for the map with the map rotating with the automobile (so that up on the map always corresponds to forward in the vehicle) birds-eye viewfor the map or the next curve linear gauge for distance, which is redundant if a rotating map is used numbers for distance schematic pictograms voice promptsroad databasecontentsthe road database is avector mapof some area of interest. street names or numbers and house numbers are encoded asgeographic coordinatesso that the user can find some desired destination by street address .points of interestwill also be stored with their geographic coordinates. point of interest specialties includespeed cameras,fuel stations, publicparking, and parked here.contents can be produced by the user base as their cars drive along existing streets and communicating via the internet, yielding a free and up-to-date map.physical storage formatthe physical storage format (psf) initiative is an industry grouping of car manufacturers, navigation system suppliers and map data suppliers whose objective is the standardization of the data format used in car navigation systems, as well as allow a map update capability. standardization would improve interoperability, specifically by allowing the same navigation maps to be used in navigation systems from 19 manufacturers.companies involved includebmw,volkswagen,daimler,renault, adit,aisin aw,alpine electronics,navigon,bosch,denso,mitsubishi, harman becker,panasonic, ptv,continental ag,clarion,navteq,tele atlasand zenrin.mediathe road database may be stored insolid state read-only memory (rom), optical media (cdordvd), solid stateflash memory, magnetic media (hard disk), or a combination. a common scheme is to have abase mappermanently stored in rom that can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. a rom is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed,downloadedfrom acdordvdvia acomputerorwirelessconnection (bluetooth,wi-fi), or directly used utilizing acard reader.some navigation device makers provide free map updates for their customers. these updates are often obtained from the vendors website, which is accessed by connecting the navigation device to a pc.汽车导航系统汽车导航系统是一个设计供汽车使用的卫星导航系统。它通常使用一个gps导航设备获取定位数据在单位的地图数据库来找到道路上的用户。使用道路数据库，系统也可以使用这个数据库给沿公路的其他地点指点方向。在其数据库中。因为城市峡谷或隧道可能会导致gps信号丢失和/或多重路径，这时使用来自连接到传动系统的传感器发出远程信号的航位推算和一个陀螺仪、加速计可以提高可靠性。 一些种类可以从汽车上拿下来，走路时拿在手中使用。.历史汽车导航系统是广泛的实验的产物，包括一些达到大众市场的努力，以前商用gps的可用性。当二十世纪七十年代通过电脑软件支持他们的集成和增强的微处理器出现时，运用到现代汽车导航的大多数主要技术已经建立了。这些技术随后进行了广泛的细化，并在20世纪80年代末通过时间探索多种系统产生的许多建筑系统到达了市场。在20世纪80年代的其他增强的数字地图是彩色显示器和cd-rom的数字地图存储的发展。然而,到底是谁发明了第一个商用汽车导航系统仍存在一些质疑。etak通过地图匹配来提高航位推算精确度数字系统首次做成了可用的数字系统，似乎没有怀疑的余地。etak的系统,就是存储在标准盒式磁带的数字地图信息系统,可以说是使汽车导航系统第一次成为现实。然而,日本对数字和模拟系统努力都高于etak的经费。steven lobbezoo研制出第一台商品化卫星导航系统车辆。它产生于1984年柏林开始到1986年1月。第一次公开展出是在在1985年德国汉诺威博览会上，这个系统的操作是在同年德国第一频道晚间新闻上播出的。它使用一个改进的ibm个人计算机,一个大的地图数据和一个平坦的荧屏建成了仪表板，它被称为荷马。在1981年alpine声称已经创造了第一个汽车导航系统。不过,根据公司自身的历史时间表,该公司声称和本田汽车合作已经取得一种模拟汽车导航产品称为electro gyrocator。在1985年这个工程的影响消除了。虽然有报道声称在1981年electro gyrocator已经被经销商选用到本田雅阁,但是还不清楚是否实际的产品已经公布了,是否有顾客提到了装备electrio gyrcator的雅阁车,甚至是否出现在任何单位经销商陈列室,本田的官方历史似乎没有声明electrio gyrocator已经被实用。从1983年开始本田声称已经创造了第一个导航系统,并在二十世纪九十年代的acura legend上通过商业运转达到鼎盛。因为gps系统尚未普遍使用，原模拟电子系统使用一个加速度计为惯性导航领航。然而,起于本田的在他们自己的帐户gyrocator电子工程上的让步,etak实际上夸大本田analog 与