毕业论文外文资料翻译---信息时代的工业设计.doc

毕业论文外文资料翻译题 目 交互式设计： 信息时代的工业设计 学 院 专 业 班 级 学 生 学 号 指导教师 二一年三月二十三日- 6 -interaction design: industrial design in the information age elaine ann director, kaizor innovation abstract: this paper introduces a newly developed discipline in the u.s. and europe: interaction design. as we enter the information age, products are no longer only electrical and mechanical, but also include computing and networked capability. designing products highly interactive in nature becomes much more complex than before going beyond the traditional realm of industrial design. moreover, the fundamental definition of a product is being challenged and requires a fundamental shift in thinking as well as new work methods. how people interact with products, systems or environments and its social and cultural impact is what interaction design is concerned about. keywords: interaction design, user experience, networked products, interdisciplinary, industrial design. 1 introduction traditional products are mechanical and electrical like toasters, shavers, walkmans etc. with todays increased computing power, miniaturized chips and the advent of the internet, this drastically alters the meaning of traditional products. industrial design has always dealt with how people interact with things, designing for a products form factor, ergonomics, psychonomics etc. computing and networked products introduces a new dimension of interactivity beyond with its physical form, but extends to the digital arena. now that most products are embedded computing with complex interaction, what should industrial designers design in the information and digital age? how should industrial designers innovate for these new breeds of products? 2 product nature redefined in the information age 2.1 products are software driven traditional products are mainly physical in nature and design constrains are governed by principles of physics and mechanics. today, many products are in fact microcomputers in disguise with computing capability storing more than 40gbs of digital information and ever increasing processing speed. products become hybrid in nature with both hardware and software components. for example: traditional walkmans have evolved into digital mp3 music players, mechanical cameras into digital cameras, cordless phones into cellular phones etc. what defines a product is not so much dependent on the hardware when a products function resides more in its software capability. (figure 1) 2.2 products are networked moreover, with the advent of the internet, products can be networked and digital information stored in products can be transferred and shared. examples of such are sending sms messages between cellular phones, syncing contact information from a pda to the desktop computer and downloading music from the web to an mp3 player. products are no longer standalone objects but systems of highly dependent interacting components. as one of the prominent industrial design events in the u.s. idsa designabout: interactive edges summarizes: we can no longer think about products as isolated objects that are designed, produced and inserted into peoples lives, nor can we think about products consisting of hardware design and software design. hardware and software need to become one, and products need to be thought of as part of a bigger system of objects and spaces. 1 3 what is interaction design? the field of interaction design is at its early infancy and has only been around for the past decade or so. since the birth of computing, designing computing systems has mainly been the role of software engineers. parallel to the field of architecture, civil engineers focus on designing the structure of the building while architects design how people live within that structure; in the world of computing, software engineers ensures the robustness of the software while interaction designers design how people interact with computing systems and products, the concept of computers used to be desktop computing, however as technology advances, computers evolve beyond the desktop pc and permeates into every aspect of our lives. computers take the shape and form of everyday consumer electronic appliances such as mp3 players, car navigation systems to internet fridges. thus the notion of designing for computer screen interfaces is no longer adequate. this is where interaction design crosses over to the field of industrial design. the term interaction was originally coined by bill morridge, founder of ideo and it describes the design of the behavior of products, its task flow and structure of information, making technology usable, understandable and pleasant for people to use. as irene mcara-mcwilliam, a forerunner of the interaction design field describes, interaction designers have to understand people, how they experience things, how they themselves interact, and how they learn. 2 4 relationship between industrial design and interaction design as products nature evolves, so does the role of its creators. industrial designers role in product development has been designing the form factor and ergonomics of objects. a design project usually starts with a design brief of mechanisms and electronics required of the product design. and the industrial designer generates different physical form factors and styles suitable for the user and target market. much of this is changing with the emerging new types of hybrid-networked products. first, with software as an integral part of the products user experience, industrial designers can no longer design the hardware independent of the software experience. a button pushed on the hardware can trigger a screen display and without close integration between hardware and software design, the users experience will be a frustrating one. secondly, skills required of designers today are beyond form making. the challenge that many corporations are facing is not what technology can do, but what technology should do. designers creativity can be expanded to more strategic roles in redefining what these new product typologies should be and envision how people should experience them. a well illustrated example that industrial designers cannot design a product separately from its interface and context of use is the public kiosks at the amsterdam airport (figure 2). the kiosk allows travelers at the airport to write email as well as access internet information. it is composed of two parts, a touch screen input interface at waist level and a large public screen above the head. such design did not consider the privacy aspect of the email activity as information entered on the small screen also projects to the public on the large screen above. a touch screen interface for entering email is also very cumbersome as the screen calibration of the virtual keyboard misaligns and allows for errors in typing. 5 new ways of thinking and working a paradigm shift of product nature requires new ways of thinking and working. software driven and networked products adds complexity to product development and the old way of assigning software functions to hard buttons after a products physical form is complete will guarantee an incoherent experience. industrial designers need to consider the user experience as a whole beyond a products physical form. in addition, industrial designers also need to think beyond designing standalone objects and consider systems of interdependent products. to innovate for new products, industrial designers need to consider shifting the focus of designing aesthetically pleasing objects to first understanding peoples behaviors and needs. by adopting a designer-researcher role to uncovering these latent needs can designers be inspired to innovate based on experiences with real people. with added complexity to products, it is necessary for industrial designers to break away from the traditional notion of designing for hardware products and cross boundaries to work with interdisciplinary teams of interaction designers, software engineers etc. this can help ensure a more coherent user experience integrating hardware, software and distributed systems design. . references 1 schmidt, a. designabout: interactive edges. innovation, spring 2001 2 walker, a. interaction, introspection and experience: new signposts for design. blueprint, august 2001 3 norman, d. the invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution. mit press (reprint), 1999. 4 preece, rogers, sharp. interaction design: beyond human-computer interaction. john wiley and sons inc., 2002 5 alben, l. at the heart of interaction design. design management journal, summer 1997. 6 alben, l. quality of experience: defining the criteria for effective interaction design. interactions, may 1996. journal of american chemical society, 2006, 128(7): 2421-2425.交互式设计：信息时代的工业设计安绮丽高介原创董事长摘 要 这篇论文介绍的是发端于欧美的一种新的设计学科：交互式设计。当我们进入信息时代，产品不再仅仅囿于电子产品和机械制品，还包括计算机和网络设计。自然界中高度交互式的产品设计要比以前传统的工业设计形式复杂得多。此外，“产品”的基本定义正在接受挑战，而且这种定义需要根本性的改变，已形成一种新的设计方式。交互设计所关注的是人是怎样与产品、系统、环境以及社会文化因素相互影响的。关键词 交互设计、用户体验、网络产品、跨学科、工业设计1 简介传统的产品都是像烤面包机、剃须刀、随身听等的机械电子产品。随着今天计算机技术能力的提升，微型芯片和网络的出现，传统产品的概念已经改变了。工业设计始终在解决着人与事物之间的交互方式问题，为产品的形式因素、人机工程学、心理规律学等而设计。计算机网络产品引入了一种新的交互方式，这种方式超越了产品的外形设计而延伸到数字设计领域。如今大多数产品都通过复杂的交互设计嵌入了计算机技术，那么在这个信息和数字时代工业设计师们该设计什么呢？面对这些新的衍生产品工业设计师们又该怎样去创新呢？2. 产品的本质在信息时代得以重新阐释2.1 产品由软件驱动传统的产品本质上是物理性的，而且设计受到物理规律和机械规律的限制。如今，许多产品实际上就是微型电脑，其中隐藏着很强的计算能力，如可以储存超过40gb的数字信息，甚至能够提高处理速度。产品在本质上成为了既包括软件又包括硬件的混合体。例如：传统的随身听演变成了mp3，机械照相机演变成了数码照相机，无线电话演变成了手机等等。当一个产品的功能更多地依赖于软件能力时，那么对于产品的定义就不仅仅取决于硬件了。2.2 产品具有网络性质 再者，随着网络的出现，产品可以联网而且存储在产品中的数字信息得以转换并且分享。例如：手机之间发送短信息，从个人数字设备到桌上电脑同步传输信息，以及从网络上下载音乐到mp3。产品不再是独立的物体，而是各个部分相互深刻影响的系统。作为美国杰出的工业设计项目之一，交互边缘总结：我们不再把产品看作是设计、生产并嵌入到人们生活的独立的物体，而是将其看作是硬件设计和软件设计的综合。硬件和软件需要形成统一体，并且我们应该将产品视为物体和空间这一更大系统的一部分。3. 交互式设计是什么 交互设计领域仍然处于哺乳期，仅仅发展了大概十年左右。由于计算机技术的诞生，计算机设计系统已经成为了软件工程的主角。与建筑领域类似，土木工程师主要设计建筑的结构，而建筑师主要设计人们在这种结构下的生活方式；在计算机技术的世界里，软件工程师确保软件的可用性，而交互设计师设计人们与计算机系统产品之间的交互方式。过去，计算机的概念就是台式电脑，然而随着技术的进步，计算机发生了演变，它已经不仅指个人台式电脑而是渗入到了我们生活的方方面面。消费者的日常电子用品，例如：mp3，汽车导航系统以及可联网的电冰箱，都是计算机在日常生活中所表现出来的形式。这样只为计算机屏幕“界面”而设计的概念已不再足够了。就这一点而言，交互设计跨越了工业设计的领域。“交互”这个词最初由的创始人比尔莫里扎创造，它是用来描述产品的行为设计、任务流和信息结构的，它使技术得以应用、理解并且让人们快乐地使用使用它们。一名交互设计领域的先驱艾琳麦卡拉-麦克威廉说：“交互设计师必须要理解人，理解人们做事、交流、学习的方式。”4. 工业设计和交互式设计的关系随着产品性质的演变，产品制造者的角色也在发生着变化。在产品的发展过程中，工业设计师一直在设计物品的外形极其人机设计。一个