气象科技英语翻译练习-参考译文.ppt

1、1,Nanjing, China, September 2005,Prof. Zhu Weijun Graduate School Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science 水汽输送;降水异常,(1),4,An analysis on the relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in south China and the water vapor transportation Abstr

2、act: The relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China and the water vapor transportation is analyzed by using the daily precipitation data of 57 stations in South China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data for water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000, an

3、d the differences between the drought year and flood year are studied. The results show that the meridian anomaly of water vapor transportation in south China causes drought or flood of south China, but the longitudinal anomaly only cause local precipitation anomaly, and that the water vapor transpo

4、rtation of drought years is not out-of-phase with that of flood years, and that the water vapor coming from the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific do not perform an obvious function on the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China, the South China sea (particularly the north of i

5、t ) is the key area leading to the precipitation anomaly of the South China. Key words: the first flood period of South China; water vapor transportation; precipitation anomaly,华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系 摘要:采用19582000年华南57站前汛期日降水资料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽输送再分析资料,分析了华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系,并对旱、涝年进行了比较分析。结果表明:华南地区经向水汽输送的异常变化将导

6、致该地区的异常旱涝,而纬向水汽输送的异常变化只导致该地区出现小范围的降水异常。旱年和涝年的异常水汽输送不是简单的反位相关系。来自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的关键区。 关键词:华南前汛期;水汽输送;降水异常,(1),5,Relation between Precipitation Anomalies and Water Vapor Transportations during the first flood period in south China Abstract: The relationship between t

7、he precipitation anomaly and water vapor transportation of the first flood period in South China as well as their comparative features between the drought year and flood year is investigated on the basis of the 57 station daily precipitations in South China and the NCEPNCAR reanalysis daily data for

8、 water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000. Results show that the anomalies of meridianal water vapor transportation in south China is responsible for the widespread drought or flood over that region, while the zonal transport changes only cause precipitation anomalies in a smaller or local areas

9、, and that the water vapor transportation feature in drought years is not simply just an out-of-phase contrast to that of flood years. Evidence further suggests that it is not the water vapor coming from the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans, but that from the key area of South China Sea, particular

10、ly its north part, that plays an critical role in causing the precipitation anomalies during the first flood period in South China. Key words: the first flood period of South China; water vapor transportation; precipitation anomaly,华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系 摘要:采用19582000年华南57站前汛期日降水资料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽输送再分析资料,分析

11、了华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系,并对旱、涝年进行了比较分析。结果表明:华南地区经向水汽输送的异常变化将导致该地区的异常旱涝,而纬向水汽输送的异常变化只导致该地区出现小范围的降水异常。旱年和涝年的异常水汽输送不是简单的反位相关系。来自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的关键区。 关键词:华南前汛期;水汽输送;降水异常,(1),6,天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估 摘要:将黄河淮河洪水暴雨监测预报系统降水估测模式得出的规则网格点上的降水与雨量计实测值进行比较,结果表明:将地面雨量计值作为真值,则联合校准法和最优插值校准法

12、得出的降水量计算精度最高,变分法得到的结果不是很理想,卡尔曼滤波校准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法,Z-I关系法的精度最低。 关键词:天气雷达;区域降水;方法评估,(2),7,Evaluation of the Precision of Weather Radar Rainfall Estimation Algorithms Abstract：Precipitation on ordered grid point which is obtained from the Radar Estimating Precipitation model (REP) of Huang

13、River and Huaihe River is compared with in situ data of a rain-gage network. The results show that if we take the value of ground rain-gage as real value, then the method of optimal interpolation and joint adjusting method have the lowest root mean square errors, while the results of variational met

14、hod are not very well due to parameter choosing. The calculating precision of Kalman filter method and average method are lower than joint adjusting method and optimal interpolation method. The method of Z- I has the highest root mean square errors. Keywords: weather radar, regional precipitation, e

15、valuation methods,天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估 摘要:将黄河淮河洪水暴雨监测预报系统降水估测模式得出的规则网格点上的降水与雨量计实测值进行比较,结果表明:将地面雨量计值作为真值,则联合校准法和最优插值校准法得出的降水量计算精度最高,变分法得到的结果不是很理想,卡尔曼滤波校准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法,Z-I关系法的精度最低。 关键词:天气雷达;区域降水;方法评估,(2),8,Evaluation of the Precision of Weather Radar Rainfall Estimations Abstract: Calcula

16、ting precision comparison is conducted of the ordered grid point rainfall based on the Radar Estimating Precipitation model (REP) for monitoring and predicting the torrential rainfall over the Huanghe and Huaihe Rivers to the in situ raingauge network precipitation. Results show that if the ground r

17、aingauge value is taken as real, then the root mean square errors in the model is least for the optimal interpolation and joint calibration methods, much larger for the Kalman filter and average methods and largest for the Z-I method, while the results of variational method are not good enough to ev

18、aluate due to the parameter choosing. Key words: weather radar; regional precipitation; evaluation of methods,天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估 摘要:将黄河淮河洪水暴雨监测预报系统降水估测模式得出的规则网格点上的降水与雨量计实测值进行比较,结果表明:将地面雨量计值作为真值,则联合校准法和最优插值校准法得出的降水量计算精度最高,变分法得到的结果不是很理想,卡尔曼滤波校准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法,Z-I关系法的精度最低。 关键词:天气雷达;区域降水;方法

19、评估,(2),9,(3),UV-B增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验 摘要:通过大田试验对比研究了紫外辐射UV-B增强对冬小麦和圆叶菠菜株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积量的影响以及叶绿素和类黄酮的变化。结果表明:紫外辐射UV-B增强对冬小麦和圆叶菠菜株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积有着明显的抑制作用,同时还使叶绿素含量下降,类黄酮含量增加。对比可以看出,UV-B辐射对小麦株高、叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。 关键词:UV-B辐射;小麦;菠菜;对比试验,10,Comparison of the Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on W

20、heat and Spinach Abstract： The influences of the intensified Ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation , 280320nm ) on wheat and spinach are compared and analyzed in the present article. The results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to restrict the growth of wheat and spinach, shorter their height a

21、nd smaller leaf area as well as the decreased dry substance accumulation and chlorophyll content while increase their flavonoid content. In addition, the experiment shows that the influence of spinach is more than wheat. Key words：UV-B radiation；wheat；spinach；contrast test,UV-B增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验 摘要:通过

22、大田试验对比研究了紫外辐射UV-B增强对冬小麦和圆叶菠菜株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积量的影响以及叶绿素和类黄酮的变化。结果表明:紫外辐射UV-B增强对冬小麦和圆叶菠菜株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积有着明显的抑制作用,同时还使叶绿素含量下降,类黄酮含量增加。对比可以看出,UV-B辐射对小麦株高、叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。 关键词:UV-B辐射;小麦;菠菜;对比试验,(3),11,Contrast Experiments of Enhanced UV-B Radiation Effects on Wheat and Spinach Abstract: On th

23、e basis of field experiments comparison is conducted for the influences of enhanced Ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation, 280320nm) on the varied growth parameters of wheat and spinach. Results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to suppress the plants heights and dry matter accumulations, to red

24、uce the chlorophyll contents and leaf areas, and to raise the flavonoid contents. In addition, the enhanced UV-B seems to exerts more impacts on spinach than on wheat. Key words: UV-B radiation; wheat; spinach; contrast experiment,UV-B增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验 摘要:通过大田试验对比研究了紫外辐射UV-B增强对冬小麦和圆叶菠菜株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积量

25、的影响以及叶绿素和类黄酮的变化。结果表明:紫外辐射UV-B增强对冬小麦和圆叶菠菜株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积有着明显的抑制作用,同时还使叶绿素含量下降,类黄酮含量增加。对比可以看出,UV-B辐射对小麦株高、叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。 关键词:UV-B辐射;小麦;菠菜;对比试验,(3),12,南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析 摘要:通过对酸雨观测资料和污染源资料的统计分析,并利用拉格朗日烟团模式计算表明,南宁市酸雨的频率较高,pH值较小;南宁市酸雨的来源构成以外来源为主。运用天气学诊断方法,对气象要素影响酸雨来源进行了分析,结果表明,南宁市酸雨主要受东北方污染源影响

26、,且冬春两季的影响最大,风频及逆温对酸雨的影响较大。在上述分析的基础上,总结出近两年大气环流影响酸雨的几种类型,其中以高空槽锋面型为最多,酸雨影响程度也最严重。 关键词:酸雨;污染来源;特征分析,(4),13,Analysis on the characteristics and origination of acid rain in Nanning City Abstract: The frequency of Nanning acid rain was quiet high and the value of pH was low with the analysis of observati

27、on acid rain data in this paper; pollution source of Nanning acid rain was mainly due to the external pollution source according the statistic analysis of pollution source data and the acid deposition model; as for meteorological factors, the cause of acid rain by employing synoptic diagnosis, was m

28、ainly affected by the northeast pollution source, especially in winter and spring. The wind frequency and temperature inversion were major cause of acid rain as well. Based on above analysis, we concluded several types of circulation that affecting acid rain,the aloft through-cold front is the main

29、type. Key words: acid rain ; pollution source; characteristics analysis,南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析 摘要:通过对酸雨观测资料和污染源资料的统计分析,并利用拉格朗日烟团模式计算表明,南宁市酸雨的频率较高,pH值较小;南宁市酸雨的来源构成以外来源为主。运用天气学诊断方法,对气象要素影响酸雨来源进行了分析,结果表明,南宁市酸雨主要受东北方污染源影响,且冬春两季的影响最大,风频及逆温对酸雨的影响较大。在上述分析的基础上,总结出近两年大气环流影响酸雨的几种类型,其中以高空槽锋面型为最多,酸雨影响程度也最严重。 关键词:酸雨;污染来源;

30、特征分析,(4),14,Characteristics and Origin of the Acid Rain in Nanning City Abstract: The statistical analysis and simulations of the acid rain in Nanning are conducted in terms of the observations as well as a Lagrange plume model. Evidence suggests that the acid rain in Nanning, most resulting from th

31、e external pollution sources, shows a low PH value and much high occurrence frequency. The synoptic diagnoses further indicate that the Nannings acid rain is mainly affected by the northeast pollution source, especially in winter and spring seasons, and two meteorological elements that also exert mu

32、ch influence are the wind frequency and temperature inversion. Based on above analyses, several types of circulations are classified in the end, among which, the upper trough cold front type is the dominant one that most account for the occurrence and severity of the acid rain in Nanning . Key words

33、: acid rain; pollution source; characteristics analysis,南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析 摘要:通过对酸雨观测资料和污染源资料的统计分析,并利用拉格朗日烟团模式计算表明,南宁市酸雨的频率较高,pH值较小;南宁市酸雨的来源构成以外来源为主。运用天气学诊断方法,对气象要素影响酸雨来源进行了分析,结果表明,南宁市酸雨主要受东北方污染源影响,且冬春两季的影响最大,风频及逆温对酸雨的影响较大。在上述分析的基础上,总结出近两年大气环流影响酸雨的几种类型,其中以高空槽锋面型为最多,酸雨影响程度也最严重。 关键词:酸雨;污染来源;特征分析,(4),15,一次强暴

34、雨形成的动力机制 摘要:分析了1998年7月武汉强暴雨的天气演变特征,并从理论上初步探讨了强暴雨形成的动力机制。结果表明:低空急流先于暴雨生成,暴雨最强时低空急流也最强;高空急流入口区右侧及低空急流左侧非热成风梯度的存在,使得中尺度不稳定波的波振幅出现空间不稳定现象,高空急流右侧不稳定波的波振幅和低空急流左侧不稳定波的波振幅向暴雨区增加,暴雨区恰为这两支波叠加后振幅最大的区域,高低空急流耦合下的非热成风、中尺度对流对称不稳定可能是这类强暴雨产生的动力原因之一。 关键词:强暴雨;非地转风;非热成风;暴雨增幅,(5),16,Dynamic Analysis on Formation of Torr

35、ential Rain Abstract: The paper analyses the weather developing characteristic of torrential rain in Wuhan, and discusses the dynamic mechanism of the torrential rain theoretically. The results show that the low-level jet (LLJ) occurs before the torrential rain. When the torrential rain is the stron

36、gest, LLJ is also the strongest. The existence of non-thermal wind gradients, which are in the right side of entrance region of upper level jet (ULJ) and the left of LLJ, makes the amplitude of mesoscale instability waves appear spatial instability. When instability waves in the right of ULJ and in

37、the left of LLJ move to the region of the torrential rain, their amplitude is becoming bigger. Whats more, after superposing of two waves, the amplitude in the region of the torrential rain is the biggest one. Under non-thermal wind of coupling of upper and low level, mesoscale convection symmetric

38、instability must have been one of dynamic mechanism of producing torrential rain. Key words: torrential rain; ageostrophic; non-thermal wind; heavy rain increasing amplitude,一次强暴雨形成的动力机制 摘要:分析了1998年7月武汉强暴雨的天气演变特征,并从理论上初步探讨了强暴雨形成的动力机制。结果表明:低空急流先于暴雨生成,暴雨最强时低空急流也最强;高空急流入口区右侧及低空急流左侧非热成风梯度的存在,使得中尺度不稳定波的波振幅出现空间不稳定现象,高空急流右侧不稳定波的波振幅和低空急流左侧不稳定波的波振幅向暴雨区增加,暴雨区恰为这两支波叠加后振幅最大的区域,高低空急流耦合下的非热成风、中尺度对流对称不稳定可能是这类强暴雨产生的动力原因之一。 关键词:强暴雨;非地转风;非热成风;暴雨增幅,(5),1