语法探究主谓一致.ppt

1、语 法 探 究 (1) 主谓一致,句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主语的人称，特别是主语的数是决定谓语形式的关键。除第一人称I和第二人称you之外，单数主语之后的谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语之后的谓语动词用复数形式。在历届高考中考点分布： 1用and连接两个并列成分； 2介词with伴随主语； 3就近原则； 4各种代词的主谓一致； 5短语和从句作主语； 6定语从句中的主谓一致。,一、名词作主语的数的问题 1在下列情况下，名词作主语时谓语动词用单数： (1)可数名词单数；不可数名词；表示量的词当整体概

2、念。 (2)表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词作主语时。 Twenty years represents a long period of her life. (3)the number of复数名词作主语时。 The number of the students who took part in the competition was 500，but only a small number of them were chosen.,(4)集合名词当整体概念讲时。 His family is going to move. (5)动名词(短语)、不定式、从句作主语时。 Col

3、lecting newspapers and clocks is what I enjoy most. 2在下列情况下，名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数：复数名词作主语；集合名词表示个体时。 At last ten people were killed in the cash. Her family are waiting for him.,二、分数/不定量词作主语时数的问题 1分数和百分数不能直接跟名词或代词，而是后跟“of冠词/限定词名词/代词”，其后的谓语动词与后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 Twofifths of the money was spent on books. 2“a

4、 great many/a large number of 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“a great deal of/a large amount of/a large sum of 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“a good (great) many 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 A large amount of money is spent on the Hope Project and a good many schools have been set up.,3“a large quantity

5、 of 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与名词的数保持一致。“large quantities of 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help have been offered since the organization was set up. 4“a/an 单数名词 and a half” 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；“one and a half复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 A year and a half has passed. 5“more than on

6、e 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；“more名词复数than one”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 More than one person was absent.,三、连接词与主谓一致 1由and连接的名词作主语 (1)and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或事，谓语动词用复数；指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。 What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students. The famous writer and poet was invited to give a talk. (2)由no.a

7、nd no.，each.and each.，many a.and many a.等构成复合主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a desk and many a chair has been taken out of the classroom.,2主语部分含有as well as，rather than，like，but，except，besides，with，together with，along with，including，in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语动词的形式应与前面的主语保持一致。 Communication along with information i

8、ndustry plays an important part in modern times. 3由or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，我们采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Is your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set?,不能灵活运用主谓一致的主要原则 英语句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须一致，主谓一致的主要规则为：语法形式上一致；意义上一致和就近一致三种形式。 There_a lot of good news in todays newspaper. AareBis Ch