周林：近三年江苏高考英语试题命题特点简要回顾及读写策略探微(2014-5-17).ppt

1、近三年江苏高考 英语试题命题特点简要回顾及读写策略探微 江苏省镇江第一中学 周 林,一、三年江苏高考英语试题命题特点简要回顾,1. 命题指导思想 强化基础、注重交际、突出语篇、关注人文、培养 能力 2.命题原则 稳中有变，稳中求升，稳中求新 3.命题特色 重视基础，凸显语篇，强调交际，彰显能力,(一) 三年江苏高考英语听力题命题特征,1出题方式灵活，选项干扰性增强 2语言组织灵活，情景化，口语化，原汁原 味,(二)三年江苏高考单项填空题命题特征,表1. 2011-2013江苏单项选择考点分布一览表,1. 注重基础，重点突出，知识覆盖面广 2. 凸显语境，注重能力 3.三年单项填空题设置特征 (

2、1) 创设语境法 -I hear you _ in a pub .Whats it like? -Well, its very hand work and Im always tired , but I dont mind. （2011江苏 21） A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working -Happy birthday ! -Thank you ! Its the best present I _for . (2012江苏 35) A. should have wished B. must have wish

3、ed C. may have wished D. could have wished,-The T shirt I received is not the same as is shown online. （2013江苏 22） - ? But I promise you well look into it right away. A. Who says B. How come C. What for D. Why worry (2) 结构调整法 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can bu

4、y ice-cream. (2011江苏 24) AWhen BWhere Cthat DWhich The notice came around two in the afternoon _the meeting would be postponed. （2012江苏 27） A. when B. that C. whether D. how “Never for a second ,”the boy says, “ that my father would come to my rescue.” （2013江苏 27） A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I hav

5、e doubted D. did I doubt,(3) 本义、近义区分法,- Are you still mad at her? （2011江苏 28） -Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me. Adeny Brefuse Creject DDecline -OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up . -You cant _your responsibilities. （2012江苏 26） A. run off with B. run up against C. run out of D. run

6、 away from I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. The party on July 1 st I shall be pleased to attend . （2013江苏 26） A. On account of B. In response to C. In view of D. With regard to,(4) 题干扩展法, The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _that we may need a nationwide c

7、ampaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. (2011江苏 22) A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _. （2012江苏 34） A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start In the global economy, a new drug for c

8、ancer, it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. （2013江苏 28） A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever,(5) 易错聚焦法,-I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. -How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. （2011江苏

9、 34） A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen Ones life has value _one brings value to the life of others. （2012江苏 30） A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that -The town is so beautiful! I just love it. (2013江苏 23) -Me too. The character of t

10、he town is well . A. qualified B. preserved C. decorated D. simplified,(三)2011-2013江苏卷完形填空特点,表2. 2011-2013年完形填空考点分布一览表,识记有重点，实词优先，虚词为辅,1. 对上下文语义的理解 At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his 50 , and how he really wanted that apple . A. wishes B. beliefs

11、 C. efforts D. goals 2. 对上下文逻辑关系的把握 52 , the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldnt always get what get he wanted. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Otherwise 3.对固定(惯用)搭配和习惯表达的掌握 Still it remained out of 43 . A hope B. hand C. sight D. reach,4. 对近义、近形词的辨析,His school bag wou

12、ldnt give enough height and he didnt want to 45 the things inside , like his lunch box , pencil case , and Gameboy . break B. shake C. take D. strike 5. 对句子语法结构的分析 (四)近三年高考阅读理解题命题特征 材料真实，题材、体裁丰富，生活气息浓厚，时代感 强，体现了时代信息和时代精神，彰显“突出语篇”这一命 题原则。注重对学生理解语篇主旨要义能力、篇章把握能 力、细节捕捉能力、推理判断和长难句理解能力。,表3. 2011-2013年阅读理解

13、考点分布一览表,(五)书面表达,二、读写策略探微 (一) 完形填空解题策略 1. 英语完形填空理论基础 1)格式塔心理学派理论，即补全心理 2)冗余信息理论 3)预期语法说 2. 完形填空解题策略 1) 挖空训练,在空格处填入名词、形容词及副词,Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best, most genuine version of themselves they can be. Not on the outside-on the inside. Its not about a brand, a r

14、eputation, a persona. Its about reality. Who you really are. Sounds s_ (1), I know. It is a simple concept. The problem is, its very hard to do, it takes a lot of work, and it can take a l_ (2) to figure it out. N_(3) worth doing in life is ever easy. If you want to do great work, its going to take

15、a lot of hard work to do it. And youre going to have to break out of your comfort zone and take some c_(4) that will scare the crap out of you.,在空格处填入动词(含动词短语、非谓语),I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am t

16、hirty-two. I can vaguely r_(1) the brightness of sunshine and what colour red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It o_ (2) to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadnt been blind. I believe in life now. I am not s

17、o sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I dont mean that I would prefer to g_ (3) without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me a_ (4) the more what I had left.,在空格处填入功能词（含代词、介词、连词、少数副词）,People need homes: children assume their parents place as home; boarders cal

18、l school home on weekdays; married couples work together to build new homes; and travelers have no place to call home, at least for a few nights. S_ (1) how about people who have to travel for extended periods of time? Dont they have the right to a home? Of course they do. Some regular travelers tak

19、e their own belongings: like bed sheets, pillowcases and family photos to make t_ (2) feel like home no matter where they are; some stay for long periods in the same hotel and as a result become very familiar w_ (3) service and attendants; o_ (4) may simply put some flowers by the hotel window to ma

20、ke things more homely. F_ (5), ,2) 学生完型自主命题,I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing. One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell

21、apart . I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I searched the countryside for some place I could rent for the cheapest possible amount. I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road over the Potomac River in West Virginia. It was abandoned, full of broken glass

22、 and rubbish. I found the owner, rented it, and cleared a corner to camp in.,The locals knew nothing about me, but slowly, they started teaching me the art of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began sticking around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a di

23、fferent American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of neighborliness. What I had believed in, all those things I thought were necessary for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. Up on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my appointments with my neighbors.,Four yea

24、rs later, I moved back into town. I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people .There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places. Wed all

25、be in shelters if we hadnt banded together. The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. Its not so much about what I can get for myself; its about how we can all get by together.,3) 句间关系非顺即反，逻辑关系记心上,The boy wasnt much a fruit-eater, 36 a bar of chocolate if given the choice, 37 , as they sa

26、y, the forbidden fruit could be tempting. 36. A. preferring B. offering C. receive D. allowing 37. A. so B. then C. but D. or Theres 54 more I can do to get the apple-this is unchangeable 54. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing,【注】分析认识文章结构，理解并领会文章各部分、各层 次之间的逻辑关系。 表示列举的连词：first, second,

27、 third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude 表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that 表示结果的连词：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 表示让步和转折的连词：however, nevertheless,

28、 nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever,表示对照的连词：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely 表示补充的连词：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, not

29、but, not onlybut also 表示时间顺序的连词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once 表示目的的连词：that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示条件的连词：if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that),4

30、) 词汇复现几率高，做题务必要抓牢,He stood on tiptoe(脚尖), 39 as high as he could , but even as his tallest 40 he was unable to touch it. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling 5) 反义多对一，同义必同错 He began to 41 up and down , as high as he could, . A. jump B. look C. walk D. glance 6) 根据文章的感情色彩解题 When Ed first ph

31、oned and _37_ (suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an _38_ (easy) victory. After all, Eds idea of _39_ (exercise) has always been nothing more _40_ (effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. _41_ (As long as) I can remember, Eds been the least physically fit member in the famil

32、y, and _42_ (strangely) proud of himself.,His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T- shirt and trousers. I was so surprised that I was _47_(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _48_(As a result), at the point in our game when Id have predicted the s

33、core to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _49_(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading). The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. _1_ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly _2_ . To help homeless people_3_independence, the federal gove

34、rnment must support job training programs, _4_the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.,(二) 阅读理解解题策略,1阅读过程理论 1) Cough 2) Smith 3) Carrell 4) Rumelhart 5) Grabe 6) Weir Khalifa,2. 阅读理解解题策略,(一) 篇章阅读的5个常考处,1. 段首段尾处常考 【例1】 Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has liv

35、ed using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. Q: What is the scientists new discovery? A. Ones hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink. B. A persons hair may reveal where they have lived. C. Hair

36、analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects. D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.,【例2】 The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find way

37、s of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem, were helpless. Q: What is the message the aut

38、hor intends to convey? A. Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B. The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.,C. The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D. People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global wa

39、rming. 2. 引语处常考 【例3】 Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: Not that Im aware

40、 of. Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, shes on the hunt for cute stuff that isnt too expensive. By her own admission, green just isnt yet on her mind. Butthanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliersone day it will be.,Q: What is Natalie Ho

41、rmillas attitude toward ecofashion? A. She doesnt seem to care about it. B. She doesnt think it is sustainable. C. She is doubtful of its practical value. D. She is very much opposed to the idea.,3. 转折处常考,【例4】 . Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June

42、1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likely to torn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one planes black boxes were never recovered. Q: What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A. There is still a good

43、chance of their being recovered. B. There is an urgent need for them to be restructured. C. They have stopped sending homing signals. D. They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.,4. 因果关系处常考,【例5】 As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate over the profits. A restaurants

44、 typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water its often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands arent available in stores, most diners dont notice or care. As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to se

45、ll bottled water. According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.,Q: Why are

46、some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water? A. Bottled water brings in huge profits. B. Competition from the wine industry is intense. C. Most diners find bottled water affordable. D. Bottled water satisfies diners desire to be fashionable.,5. 特殊标点符号处常考,【例6】 As we have seen, the

47、focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. Q: Today medical care is placing more stress on _. A. keeping people in a health

48、y physical condition B. monitoring patients body functions C. removing peoples bad living habits D. ensuring peoples psychological well-being,(二) 定位的5种技巧,技巧1：利用逻辑信号词及题干实词定位 【例1】 The Nazca lines of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form abo

49、ut 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feetmeaning from an aircraft. Q: According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found

50、_. in mountains B. in stones C. on animals D. on a plain,技巧2：利用长词、难词、生词迅速定位 【例2】 Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at springs first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepy time hormone (激素) our bodies produce when its dark

51、. When springs light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house weve been hibernating in for four months. Q: Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORRECT? A. The production of melatonin in our bodies

52、varies at different times. B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies. C The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies. D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.,技巧3：巧妙结合主题与关键词定位,【例3】 If you like the idea of staying with a family, living in a hou

53、se might be the answer. Good landladiesthose who are superb cooks and launderers, are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity. The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes. If you are lucky, the food will b

54、e adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship. For the less fortunate, house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to visit, and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy an

55、d untidy guests are living under the same roof.,The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing, with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what, and in what proportion. One person may spend hours on the phone, while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a gues

56、t, how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace, especially if you are a student and want to study?,Conversely, flat sharing can be very cheap, there will always be someone to talk to and go out with, and the chores, in theory, can be shared. Q: What is NO

57、T mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing? A. Rent is affordable. B. There is companionship. C. Housework can be shared. D. There is peace and quiet.,技巧4：利用特殊标点符号定位,【例4】 What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats o

58、ne of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is refraining, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put an