【高考专题】2018版高考英语（话题版）一轮讲义：高考话题（15）购物与生活起居

1、话题解读“购物与生活起居”是高中英语课程标准的24个话题之一，包括购物广告、购物计划、对产品的投诉、对服务的赞扬与投诉、网上购物的优缺点、购物方式的变迁、就服务态度或货品质量提出表扬或投诉、推销商品、对购买物件的建议、对货不对板或货物质量的投诉、人们的生活方式、作息时间、生活习惯等。高考探究“购物与生活起居”常在高考英语听力、阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达中出现。例如：2015年天津完形填空、2015年重庆阅读理解B篇、2013年新课标全国卷书面表达等。假定你是王伟，请根据以下提示写一篇日记，记述你周末帮助家人做家务活的一次经历。1做家务的理由；2做家务的过程；3你自己的感受。佳作欣赏I am

2、an 18yearold middle school student.I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with the housework.Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what I can do to help.Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea：why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？

3、Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off the furniture.After that，I swept and mopped the floors.At this very moment，my parents came back and were surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining.My moth

4、er gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes.Tired as I was，I felt very happy.名师点睛整篇文章连贯通顺，语言言简意赅、感情真挚。第一段使用了非谓语动词作状语Feeling quite sorry for that和宾语从句what I can do to help；第二段使用了why not结构；第三段使用了高级句式结构see sth.adj.和倒装结构，这些都使文章增色不少。.写作必记单词1bargain vi.讨价还价；n.(经讨价还价后)成交的商品；廉价货2change n零钱，找头3

5、charge vt.索价；指控；充电；n.费用，价钱；负责；掌管；控告4cost n费用；价格；成本；代价；vt.值多少钱；花费5deliver vt.递送；履行；接生；发表；生(小孩儿)delivery n递送，发送；分娩6equipment n装备；设备equip vt.装备；使有准备7exchange n& vt.交换；调换；交流；兑换8fix vt.修理；安装；确定；决定9guarantee vt.保证；担保；n.保证；保修单10mix v混合；掺和；调配；交往；n.混合；混合物mixture n混合(物)；混合状态11select vt.选择；挑选；选拔selection n选择，挑

6、选12settle vt.安家；定居；解决settlement n解决；定居地13spend vt.花费；度过14switch v交换；调换；n.开关15weakness n弱点；缺点；虚弱weak adj.虚弱的；差的.阅读识记单词16consume vt.消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)consumer n消费者consumption n消费17courtyard n庭院，院子18customer n(商店)顾客，主顾19discount n折扣20downstairs adj.楼下的；adv.在楼下；到楼下21entry n入口处；进入；入场entrance n入口enter vt.&

7、vi.进入22expense n消费；支出expensive adj.昂贵的23fare n(车或船的)费用；票价24fence n栅栏；篱笆25flat n公寓；楼房中的一套26floor n地板，地面；(楼房的)层27hook v上钩；吸引；n.钩子；挂钩28lift n电梯；搭便车；vt.抬起；举起29list n一览表；清单；vt.把列表；登记30order n订单31pay vt.付钱；n.工资；薪水32receipt n收据33refund vt.退还34rent n租金；vt.出租；租用35repair vt.修理36sale n卖；出售；大甩卖；销售额37shelter n掩蔽

8、；避难处/所38sweep v扫；扫除39tax n税；税款；vt.对收税40upstairs adv.在楼上；到楼上语境活用用所给词的正确形式填空1The delivery(deliver) of the goods in our company is free of charge.2In addition，they spend money on fishing equipment(equip)，bait，fuel and boat repairs.3We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture(mix) of clos

9、eness and displeasure.(2014湖北)4He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses(weak)(2016江苏)5The three selections(select) presented above are typical examples.(2015江苏)6Other organizations such as banks ask customers(custom) to sign long contracts they may not read or understand.(2016上海)7Th

10、ey replaced their beloved old cars with expensive(expense) new sports cars.(2015浙江)8People who find a book can also leave a journal entry(enter) describing what they thought of it.(2016全国)1be particular about对讲究/挑剔2cut off切断3for sale待售；出售4of value有价值的；有用的5on sale出售，上市；廉价出售6out of order发生故障；次序颠倒7pick

11、 out选出8use up用完；耗尽9sell out售完10sit around无所事事地坐着11turn on打开12turn off关掉语境活用运用上述短语完成片段Last Sunday Mary went to the street to buy some clothes.There were many clothes 1.on sale，but Mary 2.was particular about(对挑剔) the style of the clothes and it was hard for her 3.to pick out the clothes fit for her.F

12、inally she found a coat which was 4.of great value(极有价值的)She 5.used up(用完) her money and went home.After going home，she 6.sat around(无所事事地坐着) in the sitting room and 7.turned on the TV set and began to watch it.1have/there is no chance to do sth.In another way，if you go shopping online，you will have

13、 no chance to see the things you want to buy and check.另一方面，如果你在网上购物，你将不会有机会看到那些你想购买和检查的商品。仿写这种帮助确实有用，并且这种帮助没有暂时性和落入错误人之手的可能性。Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.2The reason why.is/was that.The reason why this item should

14、be bought only during sales is that it will give you the best value for money.只在打折的时候买这件东西的原因是这样真的可以让你物有所值。仿写我们任何人都喜欢冒险的原因恐怕与早期的人类有关。(2016北京)The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.3withn./pron.作状语Nowadays，with the rapid development and increasing popularity

15、 of the information technology，shopping on the Internet has been a fashion，especially among the youngsters.如今，随着信息技术的快速发展和日益普及，在互联网上购物已成为一种时尚，尤其是在年轻人当中。仿写在我的一位室友Katia的帮助下，我很快适应了离开父母独自生活。With the help of Katia，a roommate of mine，Ive soon got used to living without my parents around.4“介词关系代词”引导定语从句Sho

16、pping on the Internet has a lot of advantages，of which the most important is perhaps its convenience.在互联网上购物有很多优点，其中最重要的或许是它的便利性。仿写很多年轻人前往偏远地区追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。(2016江苏)Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. bargain vi.(与某人就某事)讨价还价；商讨条件n减

17、价品，便宜货；协议；交易(1)You can get even better deals if youre prepared to bargain.如果你准备好谈判，你会得到更好的交易结果。(2)Youve got a good bargain there.你在那里做了一笔很划算的交易。(1)bargain with sb.about/over sth.(make a bargain with sb.about/over sth.)就和某人讨价还价(2)a good/bad bargain买得(不)合算Its a real bargain.这可真是个便宜货。单句语法填空(1)In my opi

18、nion，the car was a bargain at that price.(2)I bargained with the taxi driver about/over the price.完成句子(3)那辆汽车300英镑，真便宜。That car is a real bargain at 300.(4)他和他们做了一笔满意的交易。He made a satisfactory bargain with them. charge n要价，收费；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，掌管；负责v收(费)，要价；控告，起诉；指责；充电(1)Im not going there againthey ch

19、arged (me) 1 for a cup of coffee!我再也不到那儿去了一杯咖啡就要了(我)1英镑！(牛津词典)(2)We can deliver goods to your door free of charge.我们可以免费送货上门。(1)charge sb.with (doing) sth.accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯罪charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱(2)free of charge免费in charge of负责；主管(表状态)in the charge of被主管；由负责take charge of负责；主管

20、(表动作)基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)This kindergarten is in the charge of a young girl.(2)How much do they charge for advertising?(3)She is charged with murdering her husband.写作能力提升同义句改写(4)Police have charged Bell with murder.Police have accused Bell of murder.(用accuse改写)(5)Bell is in charge of the class.The class

21、is in the charge of Bell.(用charge短语改写)Bell takes charge of the class.(用charge短语改写) cost n费用；价格；成本；代价vt.值多少钱；花费(1)We must at all costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.我们无论如何不能让他们探知这个计划。(牛津词典)(2)A new computer system has been installed at a cost of 8,000 yuan.新的计算机系统已经安装，费用为8 000元。at the

22、cost of以为代价at a cost of以的费用/价格at any cost(at all costs)以任何代价，不惜一切代价基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)He is determined to win at any cost.(2)What is the cost of a loaf of bread in the store?(3)She saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life.写作能力提升完成句子(4)要不惜一切代价在三天内把桥修好。The bridge must be repaired withi

23、n three days at all costs/at any cost. deliver vt.递送；履行；发表(演说等)；接生；生(小孩儿)(1)One morning in 2009，Larry was traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.2009年的一个早晨，拉里将货物送到顾客手里后沿着165路向北行驶。(2016全国)(2)The president will deliver a speech about schools.总统将就学校问题发表讲话。(1)deliver.to sb.把传

24、递给某人(deliver后不跟双宾语)deliver a speech发表演说be delivered of (give birth to)生(2)delivery n传递，递送“接生”可表示为：deliver the baby使婴儿出生deliver the woman帮助孕妇分娩单句语法填空(1)Mail is delivered(deliver) to our office twice a day.(2)She was delivered of a healthy baby.(3)Home milk delivery(deliver) has almost disappeared in

25、China now，and gone with it are milkmen.单句改错(4)He ordered a book and had it to his office. fix vt.修理；安装；确定；决定(1)They fixed the rent at 100 a week.他们把租金定为每周100英镑。(牛津词典)(2)Wed better fix on a date for the meeting.我们最好确定一个开会的日子。(1)fix ones attention on/upon集中注意力于keep ones eyes fixed on注视着fix on选定；确定(2)表

26、示“专注于，专心于”的其他短语：concentrate on，focus on，put ones heart into，be buried in，abandon oneself to，be lost in，be devoted to等。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)You should fix your attention on your work.(2)He stood there，his attention fixed(fix) on the picture.写作能力提升句式升级(3)The students were sitting in the classroom and their

27、eyes were fixed on the teachers.The students were sitting in the classroom with their eyes fixed on the teachers.(用with复合结构改写)The students were sitting in the classroom，keeping their eyes fixed on the teachers.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) guarantee vt.保证；担保n保证；担保；保修单(1)Surely，there will be setbacks and disappoint

28、ments in life；boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.当然，生活中会有挫折和失望，勇敢本身不是成功的保证。(2015天津)(2)Even if you complete your training，I cant guarantee you a job.即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。(1)guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事guarantee to do sth./that.保证做某事；确保be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会/必定会做(2)under guarantee在保修期内give

29、sb.a guarantee that.向某人担保基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)This broken watch is still under guarantee.(2)This kind of behaviour is guaranteed(guarantee) to make him angry.写作能力提升一句多译(3)我们保证在一周内将货物送到。We guarantee to deliver/guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v)We give a guarantee that we wil

30、l deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n) settle v结束；决定；确定；(使)定居；平静下来(1)It looks like theyre finally going to settle with the railroad.看来他们最终要和铁路部门结束争端了。(朗文词典)(2)They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论一个严肃的问题。(1)settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来settle down to开始专心做(to是介词)settle

31、 in/into (帮助)在新居安顿下来；(帮助)适应新环境/新工作settle on/upon决定；选定(2)settler n移居者；(问题等的)解决者(3)settlement n定居点；解决；移民；偿清基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)It took her a while to settle into her new job.(2)They put up the tent，and settled down to eat the sandwiches.(3)We must settle on a place to have a meeting.(4)In 1620 some British

32、 settlers(settle) moved to America.(5)European settlement(settle) began in 1840 when the British arrived.写作能力提升句式升级(6)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.With the problem settled，they were happy and relaxed.(用with复合结构改写)The problem settled，they were happy and relaxed.(用独立主格结构改写)

33、exchange n交换；互换；交流；兑换v调换；交换；交流；兑换(1)Its traditional for the two teams to exchange shirts after the game.比赛后两个球队交换球衣是传统。(剑桥词典)(2)I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund.我希望可以换一台相机，否则我要求退款。exchange A for B 拿A换Bexchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物in exchange (for)作为(对的)交换基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)Whe

34、re can I exchange my dollars for pounds?(2)I exchanged seats with Bill.写作能力提升一句多译(3)他用一个苹果换我一块蛋糕。He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.(exchange n)He exchanged an apple with me for a piece of cake.(exchange v) select vt./vi.挑选；选择；选拔单句语法填空(1)My brother is the first student in our class

35、to be selected(select) to take part in the oral English competition.(2)The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.(3)We have over 30 beautiful designs to select from.(4)As for the selection(select) of business media，would you like to share

36、some thoughts with us? equipment n器材；设备；装备基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.(2)This is a large factory whose task is to produce automatic equipment(equip)(3)Your education will equip you for your future life.写作能力提升句式升级(4)They are equipped wi

37、th new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.equipment是一个不可数的集体名词，若要表示一件或几件设备，可借助单位词piece。 be particular about 对讲究/挑剔单句语法填空(1)The gir

38、l is very particular about/over her food.(2)She loves the song in particular，because her mother used to sing it.(3)Smoking is harmful to health，particularly(particular) for women and children.(1)be particular about/over 对挑剔/讲究in particular 特别，尤其(2)particularly adv.特别，尤其，格外；详细地，详尽地 In another way，if

39、you go shopping online，you will have no chance to see the things you want to buy and check.另一方面，如果你在网上购物，你将不会有机会看到那些你想购买和检查的商品。(1)Theres a faint chance that youll find him at home.在他家里找到他的可能性很小(牛津词典)(2)The chances are ten to one that we will win.我们获胜的可能性是10比1。There is a chance that.可能(The) chance(s)

40、 is/are.可能have a chance of doing sth.have a chance to do sth.有可能做某事by chance碰巧基础知识训练单句语法填空(1) Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.(2)Our meeting at the station was quite by chance.写作能力提升同义句改写(3)We have no chance to meet each other weekly.There is no chance for us to meet each other

41、 weekly.(4)There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.Bill has much chance to recover from his injury in time for the race.The reason why this item should be bought only during sales is that it will give you the best value for money.只在打折的时候买这件东西的原因是这样真的可以让你物有所值。

42、(1)The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a touristheavy area.这里的小马驹淘气的原因是Haytor是个游客拥挤的地区。(2015湖北)(2)The reason for this is that they want to see how we will act when we are not being controlled.这样做的原因是，他们希望看到当我们不被操纵时我们将如何行事。reason的常用句式：the reason the reason后是用why或for which还是用t

43、hat或which，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或for which。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)The reason for the party is that its Sues birthday.(2)Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?写作能力提升同义句改写(3)Li Hua didnt come to school because he was ill.(用The reaso

44、n why.was that.改写)The reason why Li Hua didnt come to school was that he was ill.(2015重庆)In ancient Egypt，a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his lead，with more tactics(策略)One tactic inv

45、olves where to display the goods.For example，stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section.They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品) later in their trip.In department stores，the womens shoe section is generally next t

46、o the womens cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe，bored customers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.Stores notice that the smell of baked goods enco

47、urages shopping，so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.Music sells goods，too.Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played，sales of French wines went up.When it comes to the selling of houses，businesses also use highl

48、y rewarding tactics.They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door，and turn it into a business opportunity.A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly.When entering the house，the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows

49、，and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level.The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these 10 million houses.40Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?ATo save customers time.BTo show they are high quality foods.CTo help sell ju

50、nk food.DTo sell them at discount prices.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品) later in their trip.”可知，他们这样做是为了卖垃圾食品。41According to Paragraph 3，which of the following encourages customers to buy?AOpeni

51、ng the store early in the morning.BDisplaying British wines next to French ones.CInviting customers to play music.DFilling the store with the smell of fresh bread.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句可知，他们通过使商店里充满新鲜面包的气味来使顾客消费。42What is the California builders story intended to prove?AThe house structure is a key f

52、actor customers consider.BThe more costly the house is，the better it sells.CAn ocean view is much to the customers taste.DA good first impression increases sales.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door，and turn it into a business

53、 opportunity.”可知选择D。43What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain how businesses turn people into their customers.BTo introduce how businesses have grown from the past.CTo report researches on customer behavior.DTo show dishonest business practices.答案A解析写作意图题。本文主要介绍商店的工作人员怎样通过改变环境来促进顾客消费，来买更

54、多的商品。故选择A。名师指津1抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍商店的工作人员怎样通过改变环境(把水果和蔬菜放在店里最显眼的位置等)来促进顾客消费，来买更多的商品。文章具体脉络如下：2总结解题规律，提高解题能力事实询问型理解题高考阅读理解大多是事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引起特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，

55、确认各种信息。比如第42题：What is the California builders story intended to prove?AThe house structure is a key factor customers consider.BThe more costly the house is，the better it sells.CAn ocean view is much to the customers taste.DA good first impression increases sales.定位信息至最后一段第二句“They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door，and turn it into a business opportunity.”可知，他们发现，顾客在进门几秒钟之内就做出决定是否购买，并把此作为商机，根据这一事实，答案选择D。话题词汇重现1shopkeeper n店主2customer n顾客3business n商业；生意4goods n货物5store n百货商店6shopping n购物7department store商店8shop assistant售货员(2015天津)My fia