英语形容词、副词.ppt

1、形容词.副词,高三语法复习课,考纲要求 掌握形容词、副词的基本特征和用法。 掌握形容词、副词比较级的常用句型及用法。 掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级及最高级修饰语，注意百分比和倍数的比较表达。 注意形容词、副词的位置。,They have just bought a new car. The tomato soup is delicious. I thought him honest. She came back home, cold and hungry.,(定语),(表语),(宾补),(状语),形容词的句法功用,形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的特征和性质，在句中作定语、表语、宾补

2、、状语。,形容词的句法功用1),作定语,幸福而健康的孩子们 the happy and healthy children 那幢又大又新的白房子 the big new white house 一个有趣的英语剧 an interesting English play,(在名词前),1 形容词短语修饰名词(在名词后) a language difficult to master a bridge about 180 metres long a girl five years old 2.形容词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing 等词时在这些词的后面

3、。 I have something important to tell you. Was there anything special in todays news?,形容词的句法功用1),作定语,(在名词后),多个形容词作定语的顺序,排序 限定词(an, a, the , both, that, another) 序数词基数词(first, second, last, one ,two) 评议形容词(kind, fine, nice 表示好坏、美丑) 表大.小.长.短.高.低形容词(large, high,short) 表形状形容词(square,round) 表新、旧形容词(old, n

4、ew) 表颜色形容词(green, brown) 表产地国籍形容词(American, Chinese ) 表质地材料形容词(silk, stone, iron) 名词,几个并列的形容词做定语 Translate the following: 一件脏的旧灰色外套 一个小的圆圆的兰色法国制的玻璃球,a dirty old grey coat,a small round blue French glass ball,排序：限定词序数词基数词评议形容词表大、小、长、短、高、低形容词表形状形容词表新、旧形容词表颜色形容词表产地国籍形容词表质地材料形容词名词,Translate the followin

5、g phrases. 1. a _ _ building（一栋高的灰色建筑物） 2. a _ _ shirt（一件白色的新衬衣） 3. a _ _ _ suitcase (一个旧的脏的棕色皮箱)） 4. a _ _ man（一个勇敢的年轻人） 5. a _ _ table（一个小的圆桌） 6. these _ _ _ mirrors(这些漂亮的大圆镜) 7. an _ _ writer (一位老的英国作家) 8. these _ _ _ soldiers(这些高大的年轻美国士兵),new white,dirty old brown,brave young,small round,beautif

6、ul big round,tall gray,old British,tall young American,I am glad to see you again. His efforts proved useless. Our teacher is young and strong. The cloth feels soft.,形容词的句法功用2),作表语,(在系动词后),识别系动词,I smelt the fish carefully and the fish smelt terrible. The rice is growing well. We are growing old. Mil

7、k _ bad easily in summer. He _ _ at the meeting.(保持沉默) Something has _ _ with my watch. (出故障),be become ,get, go , grow , turn, remain / keep look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove,+形容词作表语,goes,kept,remained,silent,gone wrong,形容词的分类(按其功用),1.大部分的形容词既可以作定语也可以作表语. (good; beautiful; similar; diffe

8、rent) 2.少数形容词作定语和作表语, 意思不同 be ill(生病); ill news (坏消息) be sick(恶心.呕吐); the sick man(病人) 3.有些词只能作表语,称为表语形容词. alive; alone; awake; asleep; well; afraid; aware; ashamed; alike;,某些以“a”开头的形容词只能作表语 如:asleep 睡着的 afraid 害怕的 awake 醒着的 alone 孤单的alive 活着的 ashamed 羞耻的 able 能的(unable 不能) alike 相似的 The boy is stil

9、l asleep. We are unable to solve the problem. 但 alive, asleep 可以放在名词后作后置定语。 The child is the only person alive in the small village after the earthquake.,Which is right ? a sleeping boy an asleep boy the boy alive 一个病人: a sick man an ill man,asleep. alive 是表语形容词,不能作前置定语,但可以作后置定语,ill 作定语时,意为 “坏的.邪恶的”

10、,Please keep the door open. We found him dead on the floor. Who has made him angry?,形容词的句法功用3),作宾语补足语,没有什么能使他伤心. Nothing can _ _ _. 他尽量使他的课有趣. He tried to _ his lessons _. 请睁大眼睛. Please _ your eyes _.,make him sad,make interesting,keep open,He is lying on the ground, dead. They got home, tired and h

11、ungry.,形容词的句法功用4),作状语,形容词的名词化,the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人 the wounded 伤员 the dead 死者 the deaf 聋子 the lame跛子 the dumb 哑巴 the blind盲人 The young should respect the old. The wounded are still alive.,the+某些形容词，表示“某一类人”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。,二. 复合形容词的构成,形容词+名词+edkind-hearted white-haired 形容词+

12、形容词red-hot dark-blue 3.形容词+现在分词 good-looking easy-going 4.副词+现在分词hard-working fast-moving 5.副词+过去分词hard-won newly-made 6.名词+形容词 life-long world-famous 7.名词+现在分词peace-loving fun-loving 8.名词+过去分词 snow-covered hand-made 9.数词+名词+ed four-storied three-legged 10.数词+名词(名词用单数)ten-year two-man,副词,Adverb,副词的功

13、用及位置 用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子，主要用于做状语。 大部分副词由“形容词+ly”构成。 作状语副词的位置可以在句中、句末或句首，可以修饰形容词、动词、副词、介词和连词。 He always comes to see his father. Its a very important meeting. Everyone in our class studies quite hard. She hurt her leg just as she got on the bus.,1. 副词的基本功能:作状语，修饰动词： He drives carefully. He plays te

14、nnis very badly. 修饰全句的副词一般放在句首： Fortunately, he was not injured. Surprisingly, he got home so early. 另：作定语，在名词的后面： the young people there. the children abroad.,2.频度副词 often, always, usually, seldom, never, sometimes,hardly 等的位置 She always goes to her aunts by train. He had hardly got up when the tel

15、ephone rang. We usually have a discussion after class.,一般在实义动词前，助动词、系动词、情态动词后,3. enough 的用法(位置) Its _ _ today. 今天够热的。 He studied _ _ to pass the exam. 他学习很努力， 通过了考试。 Have you got _ _? = Have you got _ _? 他身上有足够的钱吗？,修饰形容词、副词，放在其修饰词后; 修饰名词，放在其修饰词前或后。,hot enough,hard enough,money enough,enough money,4.

16、 几个副词并列做状语时，一般为： We had a good time _ _ _ _. 上星期天我们一起在户外玩得很痛快。 She did her work _ _ _ . 她昨天在那里干得相当好。,结论：方式 地点 时间,together outdoors,last Sunday,perfectly there,yesterday,Translate the following sentences:,1. 国庆节期间，我独自在家，但并不孤独。,2. 没有足够大的东西来称象。,3. 我父亲认为我不够高。,4. 昨晚我上床睡觉时发现弟弟已睡着了。,During the National Day

17、 holiday, I was alone at home, but I didnt feel lonely.,There was nothing big enough to weigh the elephant.,My father thinks I am not tall enough.,Last night when I went to bed, I found that my younger brother had fallen asleep.,5. 虽然他还活着，但是他的灵魂已死了。,6. 那座新建的剧院看上去很漂亮。,7. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。,Although he is s

18、till alive, his soul is dead.,The newly built theatre looks very beautiful.,I have something important to tell you.,5. 以-ly结尾的词性辨析: A) 大部分的副词都是 形容词+ly 构成 B) 但少数以-ly 结尾的词是形容词:,lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, timely friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly,C) 还有一部分副词有两种形式: 一种与形容词同形(即:不加-ly) 一种是形容词+ly

19、但两者的意思不同,5. 以-ly结尾的词性辨析: 下列单词-ly结尾，是形容词还是副词？ What a _ baby it is!(可爱的) They had a _ discussion.（热烈的） They had a friendly talk with each other.,lovely,lively,The moon was _ in the sky. lowB. lowly He bowed _ before the Queen. lowB. lowly What _weather were having! badB. badly We _ need rain now. badB

20、. badly,bad 坏的 badly迫切地 low 位置低 lowly 地位低,形容词 与 副词的区别使用:,sad- sadly He looked _ that day. He looked _ at us when he got the _news.,soft- softly This kind of cloth feels _. He spoke _ to his child, that is, spoke to the child in a _ voice.,形容词 与 副词的区别使用:,careful- carefully He is such a _ man that he

21、does everything very _.,sad,sadly,sad,soft,softly,soft,careful,carefully,perfect- perfectly The shop owner said that the design was _ and the color fitted me _.,形容词 与 副词的区别使用:,calm- calmly He looked_ and looked _ at the policeman.,silent- silently He kept _ at the meeting, sitting _ in the corner al

22、l the time.,calm,calmly,perfect,perfectly,silent,silently,1.The high-jumper can really jump very _. A.highB. highly 2.They all speak _ of him. A. high B. highly 3.He usually works _ into the night. A.deepB. deeply 4.We are _ moved by what he said. A.deepB. deeply,副词: 表原意无-ly ,表引申意义有-ly,high 高 highly

23、高度地 deep 深 deeply深入地,5.Dont sit _ . A. close B. closely 6.Watch _. A. close B. closely 7.He arrived _. A. late B. lately 8.I havent seen him _ . A. lately B. late,close 近 closely 密切地 late 晚、迟 lately 最近,副词: 表原意无-ly ,表引申意义有-ly,9.Keep your mouth _ open. A. wideB. widely 10.English is a _ used language.

24、 A. wideB. widely,wide 宽广 widely广泛地,表原意(无-ly)和引申(有-ly)的副词,1. She is _ out on Sundays. A. mostB. mostly 2. _ people enjoy exciting games. A. MostB. Mostly 3. We spent _ of March ploughing . A. mostB. mostly 4.Rose works _ and she _ wastes any time. A. hardly, hard B. hard, hardly C. hard, hard D. har

25、d, harder,most 大多数、大部分 mostly 多半、通常(mainly),有-ly 或无-ly词意不同的副词,hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不,形容词、副词比较的表达方式,一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(规则变化),一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(不规则变化),形容词、副词的比较级的基本句型,1)比较级+than (比更.),I am older than he. This box is bigger than that one. Lesson5 is more difficult than Lesson3.,much,five years,a little,3 tim

26、es,even,much,far,a lot,程度状语 + 比较级,three years,much,a great deal,even,far,than,a lot/a little/a bit,much,even,twice,其后不能接of,a lot/a little/a bit,其后不能接of,My brother is five years older than I (am). 这比我们想的要多花一点时间。 It takes _ time than _. 这种布料比你昨天买的好得多。 This kind of cloth is _ _ than_ you bought yesterd

27、ay. 你今天好些了没? 好多了. Are you _ today? _ better.,a little more,we thought,far better,that,程度状语 + 比较级,比较级前的程度状语: much, any, even, far, still, a bit / a little / a lot / a great deal,any better,Much,The girl sang _ the others and got the first prize finally.（好得多） Im sure youll make _ progress.(更大的) There

28、are now _ on the hill around the village.（多得多的树） Its _ to learn English well without practice. （难得多）,far better than,still greater,a lot more trees,far more difficult,程度状语 + 比较级,比较级前的程度状语: any, even, far, a lot, a bit, much, still, a great deal,old difficult,程度状语 + 原级,very,quite,so,enough,too,1.Dont

29、 go out when it is _ late. 2.He is _ tired to go any farther. 3.He got up early _ to catch the first bus. 4.He is _ angry that he cant say any words.,very/ quite/too,too,enough,so,形容词、副词的比较级的基本句型,2)as+原级+as.(同级比较),Jack is as tall as you. Tom has as many books as you (have). Theres as much rain here

30、as there. He runs as fast as you do.,just,3 times,twice,exactly,one-third,twice,形容词、副词的比较级的基本句型,4)less+原级+than. (不如),He is not so strong as you. We dont have as much money as you have.,3)not as/so+原级+as.(不一样, 不如),This lesson is less difficult than that one. He is less tall than you.,形容词、副词的比较级的基本句型,

31、5)the +比较级 + of the two,He is the taller of the twin brothers. Here are two dictionaries. Which do you want? I want the thicker (of the two dictionaries).,6)比较级+and+比较级 “越来越”,Our life is getting better and better. His health is getting worse and worse. Our country is becoming more and more prosperou

32、s.,Translate the following sentences.,他的声音变得越来越弱。 吃点药，你(的身体)就会变得越来越好。 The policeman ran _ after the thief and caught him at last. （越来越快）,Take some medicine and youll get better and better.,His voice got weaker and weaker.,faster and faster,形容词、副词的比较级的基本句型,7)the+比较级.,the+比较级.,The harder you work, the

33、 better youll do you work. The faster you drive, the more dangerous it is for you.,Translate the following sentences.,你工作越努力, 你就会得到越好结果。 你英语听得越多, 英语就会越容易。 你越爬得高, 就看得越远。 你越吃得多,就会越胖。,The harder you work, the better result you will get.,The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.,The higher

34、you climb, the farther you will see.,The more you eat, the fatter you will be.,1) 倍数+as+原级 +as This room is twice as big as that one They produced three times as many TV sets as they did last year. 2)倍数+ 比较级+ than The iron box is three times heavier than the wooden one They produced twice more grain

35、 than we did. 3) 倍数+the +大小长短等n +(of) The box is five times the size of that one. My rope is twice the length of yours. 4)倍数+ what 引导的从句： The length of the road is twice what it was three years ago. The street is three times what it used to be.,5).倍数表达方式：,倍数表达: 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。 The new building is fou

36、r times as high as the old one. The new building is three times higher than the old one. The new building is four times the height of the old one.,亚洲比欧洲大四倍。 Asia is _ _ _ _ as Europe. Asia is _ _ _ than Europe. Asia is _ _ _ _ of Europe.,five times,as,large,four times,larger,five times,the,size,倍数表达

37、: 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。 The new building is four times as high as the old one. The new building is three times higher than the old one. The new building is four times the height of the old one.,你们学校比我们学校大三倍。 Your school is _ _ _ _as ours. Your school is _ _ _ than ours. Your school is _ _ _ _ of ours.,four

38、 times,as,large,three times,larger,four times,the,size,最高级的基本句型:,1)the + 最高级 + of/ in + 比较的范围,2)one of the + 最高级+名词复数“最.中之一”,3)This is the +最高级+名词+ that引导的定语从句,This is the most wonderful football match (that ) I have ever seen(in my life).,The Yangzhi River is the longest river in China.,The Yangzhi

39、 River is one of the longest rivers in the world.,China is one of the largest countries _ the world. He is the tallest _ the three. _ the three dictionaries, mine is the thickest. He works (the) hardest _ his class. _ the five boys, he is the most hard-working.,in,of,in,Of,Of,the + 最高级 通常有表范围的介词短语，

40、in + 集体名词( 表范围) of +个体名词复数(指在同类中),最高级句中表范围的短语,1.最高级前通常都有定冠词 the 2.副词的最高级前面可以不用 the, 但形容词最高 级前一定要加 the 3.形容词最高级前加 a/an, 表示“非常” 4.形容词最高级前有物主代词，不要加 the,He is the most hard-working student in our class. He is a most hard-working student. (= very) He runs (the) fastest in our class. Tuesday is our busies

41、t day. Fishing is her latest hobby.,最高级前冠词的使用,二. 比较级运用中的几个问题： 同类事物才可比较。,The population of China is _ than _ of any other country in the world.中国的人口比世界上任何国家多要多。,larger,that,2.用 of 表示“两者中”时,比较级前要加定冠词。,3.比较级可以表示最高级的含义。 any other + 单数名词 比较级+than any of the other+复数名词 anyone else(比任何其他的更),The box is the heavier of the two.,She is taller than any other girl in our class.,She is taller than any of the