商业英语入门chapter 3.ppt

1、Business English,Production only necessary quantities are produced Kanban (card) production control contains basic information such as part number, brief description, type of container, unit load (quantity per container), preceding station (where it came from), and subsequent station (where it goes

2、to).,JIT Production,Small-lot production Requires less space and capital investment Quality problems are easier to detect Lower inventory levels Quick setups Internal setup can be performed only when a process is stopped; it cannot take place until the machine has finished with the previous operatio

3、n. External setup can be performed in advance, while the machine is running.,JIT Production,Uniform production levels Smoothing the production requirements on the final assembly line Reduce variability with more accurate forecasts. Reduce variability by smoothing demand Quality at the source Smaller

4、 lot sizes encourage quality,JIT Production,Total productive maintenance Combines the practice of preventive maintenance with the concepts of total qualityemployee involvement, decisions based on data, zero defects, and a strategic focus. Supplier networks,Quality Management,Quality is a Journey, no

5、t a Destination,What is Quality?,Quality is “fitness for use” (Joseph Juran) Quality is “conformance to requirements” (Philip B. Crosby),Quality Management,What is quality? The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy given needs. by Ameri

6、can National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society for Quality Control (ASQC),Quality from the consumers perspective,For manufactured products Performance Features Reliability Conformance Durability Serviceability Aesthetics Safety Other perceptions,Quality from the consumers perspecti

7、ve,For services Time and timeliness Completeness Courtesy Consistency Accessibility and convenience Accuracy responsiveness,The Meaning of Quality,Producers Perspective,Consumers Perspective,Quality of Conformance Conformance to Specifications Cost,Quality of Design * Quality Characteristics * Price

8、,Fitness for Consumer Use,Production,Marketing,Evolution of Quality Management,Quality Control,Quality Assurance,TQM,Inspection,TQM,Quality Control,Measurement against standards Done at the end of the production line Detect defective output rather than prevent,Quality Assurance,Quality characteristi

9、cs & standards: Customer preferences Technical specifications Marketing suggestions Competitive products,Total Quality Management,represents a set of management principles that focus on quality improvement as the driving force in all functional areas and at all levels in a company customer-oriented,

10、 leadership, strategic planning, employee responsibility, continuous improvement, cooperation, statistical methods, and training and education,What Is TQM?,Continuous improvement Employee involvement Customer satisfaction Lower cost,TQMprinciples,The customer defines quality, and customer satisfacti

11、on is the top priority. Top management must provide the leadership for quality Quality is a strategic issue, and requires a strategic plan. Quality is the responsibility of all employees at all levels of the organization,TQMprinciples,All functions of the company must focus on continuous quality imp

12、rovement to achieve strategic goals. Quality problems are solved through cooperation among employees and management. Problem solving and continuous quality improvement use statistical quality control methods. Training and education of all employees are the basis for continuous quality improvement,IS

13、O 9000,International quality management standards,set uniform guidelines for processes to ensure that products conform to customer requirements from contract review to product design to product delivery,Six Sigma To judge the suppliers, many quality-driven businesses establishes a quality standard, a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per million units or procedures.,Discussion,When consumers talk about quality, what diffe