写作点拨系列(三) (2).ppt

1、写作点拨系列（三） 段落写作之主题句和支持句,【核心点拨】 一、主题句 概括段落的主要内容，确定段落的主题，限定该主题在本段落详细讨论的范围，是整个段落的纲领，此句即为主题句。围绕主题句，作者通过列举事实、提供例证、描写细节、说明理由等逐步展开段落。,1. 主题句的位置 (1)主题句通常置于段落开头，开门见山摆出问题，随之辅以细说。其作用是便于读者迅速地把握主题，抓住段落的中心思想。此为演绎法(deduction)，便于初学者仿效。 Nowadays, every student pays enough attention to study habit because of its impor

2、tance. As for me, I have three ways to improve my study habit. 段落第一句是主题句，道出了全段的中心思想学习习惯。study habit是关键词。,(2)主题句也常置于段落末尾。作者先不说出本段的中心思想，一直留到最后才披露。这可以给读者设置一种悬念，迫切想要读下去，同时给读者的印象也特别深刻。放在段末的主题句，通常还有对前面所述作总结的作用。这可称为归纳法(induction)。 As the saying goes, genius is the product of the loneliness. Einstein is a g

3、ood example. Therefore, on the one hand, the only child feels lonely. On the other hand, one can enjoy loneliness when thinking. Loneliness brings more chances to think of meanings about life and future.,In a word, the only child not only feels lonely but also can get some benefits. Learning to enjo

4、y loneliness, one would be easier to taste the real life. 最后一个段落为总结性段落，最后一句为结论性主题句，点出了本篇文章作者写作的目的就是让人们学会享受孤独，品尝真正的人生。 (3)有时主题句会出现在段落中间，也有时主题句含而不露，隐藏在全段的字里行间。,2. 主题句的写法 主题句的句子结构和思想内容必须完整、清楚、具体，不能模棱两可、空泛。要避免不完整(incomplete)、不清楚(unclear)、过于笼统(general)，如作文题目是The Advantages of Travel(旅行的好处)。试比较其中一段的主题句，前三

5、种写法均不可取。 不完整 Enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places. 不清楚 To travel，one needs to know something about it. 太笼统 By travelling one enjoys a lot. 较 好 By travelling one can enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places.,二、支持句 通过给出一些例子、原因、事实、统计数据或引文等，对主题句作进一步的阐述、说明的句子即为支持句。 特点通常包含若干个句子，置于段落的中间，是

6、段落的主体部分。在文章写作时，支持句的多少、长短要适中，重点突出。,【对点训练】 . 请找出下面短文段落的主题句和支持句 Nowadays, drinking and driving is becoming a heated topic among people in China. Here, Id like to air my views about it. As is known to us all, drinking and driving is a sort of terrible behavior that will threaten the safety of people, in

7、cluding the driver himself. 答案：主题句 支持句,Many of the traffic accidents caused by drinking and driving have brought about traffic jams, injuries and even deaths. Besides, a great deal of money has to be spent treating the injured and repairing the broken cars, which means a waste of money. 答案：支持句 支持句,.

8、 用恰当的主题句和支持句补全短文 In modern times, more and more parents devote their energy to their career due to fierce competition, thus caring less about their children. _ _(许多人选择用钱来奖励孩子)for the progress they have made in their studies.,Many of them choose to reward their,children with money,However, I dont thi

9、nk this is a proper way. Firstly, if the children are always rewarded with money when they get high marks, _(他们的注意力会集中在钱上)instead of the pleasure of studying. _ _(他们中的一些人就会不努力学习)as soon as they get what they want. Secondly, _ _(钱太多了会惯坏孩子), for they are too young to make good use of the money. I thin

10、k _ _(对孩子们来说，拥抱的效果比钱好).,their attention will be focused on money,Some of,them will stop working hard,too much,money will spoil the children,a hug,will work better for children than money,. 请用恰当的主题句和支持句把下面这篇文章写出来 (2013西安模拟) 近来我们学校正准备创建和申报“省绿色学校”，请你据此给某英文报写一篇短文，内容包括： 1. 绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境; 2. 建设绿色校园的重要性; 3

11、. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,注意：1. 词数120个左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Recently, our school is aiming at building a green school. What is a green school? _ _,【答案】 Recently, our school is aiming at building a green school. What is a green school? It means not only a green campus, but a “green” atmos

12、phere for our study and life. (主题句) For one thing, a green campus means more plants, less pollution and no waste. (支持句)Each of us can do something, such as planting trees and flowers or just saving electricity and water in our daily life. It will make a big difference. For another thing, it is necessary for us students to,make great efforts to create a harmonious atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between teachers and students. (支持句)B