初中英语阅读理解题的解题技巧.ppt

1、初中英语阅读理解题的解题技巧,考点分析归纳：,主旨大意 细节理解 猜测词义 推理判断,一 主旨大意题,考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。,提问方式： 1）问标题 What is the main topic of the passage？ The best title for the passage is _.,2）问中心 The first paragraph is mainly about the _ The passage is mostly about_,3） 问目的；态度 The author wants to tell _ The purpose of this art

2、icle is to _,容易选错的干扰项:,以偏概全 夸大主题 把观点强加给作者,解题策略,找主题句。主题句是归纳文章中心的句子，它的出现有三种情况：,主题句在文章开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。 新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。如： 09年武汉中考阅读A篇,1. 在开头。,Good morning. The program today is about music. The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one o

3、f the arts. It is like the spoken language,but is uses sounds. Todays program brings together music from different corners of the world. Who invented music？ Who sang the first song？ No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone

4、s life.,Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard. When children go to school,their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they reach high school,they become intereste

5、d in listening to pop music. 文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。从音乐的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜爱音乐，进行逐一说明。,如：09年武汉中考阅读C篇 文章最后一句“In fact,the true love is not built on friendship,loyalty or blood relationship.Instead,itis based on no relationship.真正的爱不以友谊、忠诚抑或是血缘关系为前提，事实上，真正的爱，是无条件的博爱。” 就是在前面故事的基础上的总结与概括，即文章的主旨。,

6、2. 在结尾。,3. 在中间。,通常是文章的开头提出问题，陈述细节，导出主题句，然后再进一步用细节说明支持主题句。如：,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back

7、 of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,_,_,有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 只是暗示性地体现主题. 这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实 或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。,二 细节理解题,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、 时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、 结果(effect)

8、、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、 说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。,提问形式： Which of the following statements is truefalse？ Which of the following is （not） mentioned？ According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .,解题策略：,1）对应性,2）准确性,3）区分性,09年武汉中考阅读A篇68小题,Which is TRUE according to the passage？ A.The Muses invented mu

9、sic. B.Music can bring people some feelings. C.Music was from a Greek village. D.Everyone is interested in pop music.,A. The Muses invented music.第二段的开始交待了没有人确切的知道音乐是被谁发明的B. Music can bring people some feelings.原文中可以找到对应的句子“But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones life.”C.

10、Music was from a Greek village.这是一个很容易让考生发错误的题目，文章确实交待了音乐来自于古希腊语，但是，不是村庄，Village。需要仔细审题。D. Everyone is interested in pop music.这种一把抓的题目基本上都可以从文章中找到否定的句子，they become interested in listening to pop music.追回到前面的内容，我们可以看出THEY指的是Babies and young children，而不是EVERYONE,三 词义猜测题,单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键

11、词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。,设题方式： The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ The word “” most likely means _. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_.,解题策略:,阅读中碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外，我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义，或通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，

12、看是否读的通。还可以联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。,根据定义或解释猜测词义,技巧 1,A calendar is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a particular year.,calendar 日历,The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.,herdsman 牧人,根据对比确定词义,技巧 2,Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simpl

13、e ones，however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve,Intricate 复杂的,技巧 3,根据同义词的替代关系猜词义,In the ancient city of Rome , we visited every mansion , church, battle site, theatre and other public halls.,mansion 建筑物或场所,根据反义猜词,技巧 4,Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quit

14、e sedate.,sedate 安静的,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧 5,All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.,futile 徒劳的,根据常识、经验猜生词,技巧 6,The old man put on his spectacles and began to read,spectacles 老花镜,根据构词法猜测词义,技巧 7,He has renamed the restaurant “Paradise”.,rename 重新起名，改名,根据因果关系猜测词义,技

15、巧 8,You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.,blame 责备,四 推理判断题,推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。其题目设计的方式一般有：,It can be inferred from the text that _. From the text we know that _. With which of the following does the autho

16、r agree？ Which of the following might happened later ? The passage is probably taken from a _ .,提问方式：,容易选错的干扰项：,选项中意思虽然与原文相符，但是只是涉及一些细枝末节，不符合题干。 选项内容与原文无关, 或者是对文章内容作了张冠李戴的处理。 选项是对原文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。 选项的内容纯属主观臆断得出的结论，文章根本没有提及。,解题策略：,做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章的字面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表

17、露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。,09年武汉中考阅读A篇67小题,The speaker is probably_ . A.a host B.a singer C.a dancer D.a teacher,主持人，歌手，舞者还是教师。我们从最后一句话能够自然想象到，在介绍完音乐的基本知识介绍之后，主持人即将向大家播放今天的音乐,09年武汉中考阅读c篇77小题,Why did they lower their heads in shame according to the passage？ A. They did not dare to answer. B. They had mistaken the relationship of the mice. C. They regretted driving a poor blind mouse away. D. They did not express themselves much better.,文章中的美国人、法国人和日本人都非常肯定地认为一定是这两只老鼠间的某种不同寻常的关系(主仆、夫妻或母子)才使得其中一只老鼠冒着生命危险去营救另一只，因为他们不相信没有任何理由的援助。这样的结论显然是臆断，于是当