02_Basics Dez 2008_e德和盛油气站防雷讲座.ppt

1、Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Practical Examples of Damage caused by Lightning and Overvoltage雷击及过电压导致的损害实例,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,7 tanks hit by a lightning strikeOil refinery Pertamina, Cilacap/Java, 1995雷击导致7个储油罐损坏 Pertamina炼油厂，芝拉扎/爪哇，1995年,26.03.09 / 3007e,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele

2、,Floating Roof Tanks - Tank fire caused by a lightning strike into the Trzebinia refinery, Poland浮顶储油罐 由于雷击导致Trzebinia 炼油厂的储油罐着火，波兰,06/05/2002 Capacity of 10 000 m- 10 000 m容量 800 tonnes of oil- 800吨油 Damage of 4 million EUR 损失4百万欧元,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Floating Roof Tanks - Tank fire caus

3、ed by a lightning strike into the Trzebinia refinery, Poland浮顶储油罐 由于雷击导致Trzebinia 炼油厂的储油罐着火，波兰,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Protective steelpipe 保护钢管,Cabletomeasuring station 通往测量站电缆,Float 浮漂,Measuringresistor 测量电阻,Damage: DEA-Scholven refinery Measuring equipment for determining the average tempe

4、rature in the tank损坏：DEA-Scholven炼油厂检测储油罐平均温度的测量设备,26.03.09 / 83e,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,S342e,Measuring and control cable 测控电缆,Faraday cage 法拉第盒,“Faraday hole” “法拉第孔”, = 100 kA,RE = 1 ,U = 100 kV,342e.ppt / 03.07.98 / ESC,Lightning strike into Faraday cage causes flashover into the incoming

5、 cable Faraday hole 雷电击中法拉第盒导致其同穿过法拉第孔的电缆之间跳火,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,LawsRegulationsDirectives法令法规指令,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,欧洲协议,Overview of explosion protection regulations in Germany and Europe德国和欧洲的防爆法规总览,Directives concerning the free movement of goods 关于物品自由往来的指令,Directives conc

6、erning minimum regulations for employees at work 关于作业员工最小法规集的指令,Article 95,Regulations concerning launch and quality of goods 关于物品投放和质量的法规,Regulations on operation 操作法规,ATEX 95directive 94/9/EC,ATEX 137 directive 1999/92/EC,Explosion protection regulation(EXVO) 防爆法规,Ordinance concerning the protecti

7、on of safety and health (BetrSichV)7 and 12 of the ordinance on hazardous substances 关于安全和健康的法规（BetrSichV） 关于危险物质法规的7 and 12,Article 137,Ref.: VDE series 65,26.03.09 / 5104e,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,ATEX 95directive 94/9/EC,ATEX 137directive 1999/92/EC,EU directive - ATEXATmosphres EXplosibles

8、,In Germany the European directive 94/9/EC was transposed into national law in the form of the Equipment Safety Act (GSG). The associated Explosion Regulation (EXVO) regulates the launch of devices and protection systems for hazardous areas and defines general technical conditions. Note: On 1st May

9、2004 the new Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG) came into effect. It includes the Equipment Safety Act which was invalidated on 31st December 2007. 在德国，欧洲指令94/9/EC已经以设备安全规范(GSG)的形式纳入到国家法令中。相关的防爆法规（EXVO）规范了危险区域中设备和防护系统的投放，并且定义了一般性的技术条件。 注意： 新的设备和产品安全规范 (GPSG) 于2004年5月1日生效。它包括了于2007年21月31日生效的设备安全

10、规范。,Overview of explosion protection regulations in Germany and Europe德国和欧洲的防爆法规总览,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,ATEX 95directive 94/9/EC,ATEX 137directive 1999/92/EC,EU directive - ATEX AT mosphres EX plosibles,In Germany the European Directive 1999/92/EC is laid down in the industrial safety legi

11、slation (ArbSchG). The associated Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV) defines the requirements for the provision and use of work equipment as well as the operation of systems. The Explosion Protection Regulations EX-RL (BGR 104) issued by the trade association provid

12、e help for the implementation of German national health and safety regulations for hazardous areas. 在德国，欧洲指令1999/92/EC规定于工业安全法规（ArbSchG）中。相应的关于安全和健康保护的法令（BetrSichV）定义了作业设备的提供、使用以及操作的要求。 由商会颁布的防爆法规EX-RL(BGR 104)有助于在全德国范围内危险区域中健康和安全法规的执行。,Overview of explosion protection regulations in Germany and Eur

13、ope德国和欧洲的防爆法规总览,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV)关于安全和健康保护的法令（BetrSichV）,(1) Installations subject to monitoring shall be assembled, installed, and operated according to the state of the art. In compliance with the state of the art, t

14、he rules and findings determined by the Advisory Committee on Protection at Work as published by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor in the Federal Labor Gazette shall be adhered to. (1)用于监视的装置应当采用最新技术进行装配、安装和操作。为了满足最新技术的要求，应当遵循 相应咨询委员会制定的关于作业中防护的规则，这些规则同时也由联邦经济和劳工部在联邦劳工刊物 上所刊载。,12Operation

15、操作,Section 3 第3章Special provisions relating to installationssubject to monitoring 用于监视的特殊装置,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / 4721e_c,On 3rd October 2002 the Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV) of 27th September 2002 came into effect. 2002年9月27日颁布的关于安全和健康保护的法

16、令于2002年10月3日生效,The ordinance is used: For the provision of work equipment by the employer as well as for the use of work equipment by employees at work (compare 1 Section 1 of the Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health) For installations subject to monitoring in accordance with 2 S

17、ection 2a of the Device Safety Act 法令用于: 雇主对作业设备的提供以及雇员对作业设备的使用(第1章1关于安全和健康保护的阐述) 根据第2a章2关于设备安全规范的阐述, 适用于起监视作用的装置,Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV)关于安全和健康保护的法令（BetrSichV）,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / 4721e_a,Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG)设备和产品

18、安全规范 (GPSG),Ref.: Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG) 1st May 2004 edition,(7) Installations subject to mandatory inspection are,1. Steam boiler installations with the exception of steam boiler installations on ocean-going vessels,2. Pressure vessel installations except for steam boilers,3. Inst

19、allations for the filling of gases which are compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure,4. Piping under internal overpressure for inflammable, corrosive or toxic gases, vapours or liquids,5. Lift installations,6. Installations in potentially explosive atmospheres,7. Beverage dispensing instal

20、lations and installations for the production of carbonated beverages,8. Acetylene installations and calcium carbide stores,9. Installations for the storage, filling and transportation of inflammable liquids,(7) 需要强制检查的装置有,1. 蒸汽锅炉装置，用于远航船只上的蒸汽锅 炉装置除外,2. 蒸汽锅炉之外的压力容器装置,3. 填充可压缩成液态或在压力下可溶的气体 的装置,4. 内部具有

21、超压的易燃性、腐蚀性或毒性气体、蒸汽或液体的管道系统,5. 升降机装置,6. 在潜在爆燃性空气中的装置,7. 饮料配剂装置以及碳酸饮料的生产装置,8. 乙炔装置以及碳化钙储存物,9. 可燃性液体的存储、填充以及运输装置,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / 4721e_f,Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health关于安全和健康保护的法令,The Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health includes r

22、egulations on the provision and use of work equipment including installations subject to monitoring. 关于安全和健康保护的法令包括关于提供和使用作业设备的法规，其中作业设备包括用于监视的设备,Harmonisation of the European health and safety regulations, deregulation with increased entrepreneurial freedom. 协调欧洲的健康和安全法规，根据日益增长的企业自主性的要求做相应适配,Aims:

23、目的：,Increased effort for employers and operators due to increased responsability 由于不断增加的责任，需要雇员和操作员作持续不断的努力,But: 但是：,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / 4721e_h,Summary,Operator has to get active 操作员必须保持积极主动,Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health关于安全和健康保护的法令,Seminar Eon Ruhrg

24、as, Hr. Abele,Assessment of explosion risk 爆炸风险的评估,Identification of risks by means of safety-related parameters. A) 通过安全相关的参数来认定风险 B) Determination whether an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur and to what extent B) 判定是否有可能存在爆燃性气体以及多大的可能性存在 C) Determination whether ignition sources exist which

25、 might ignite the explosive atmosphere and how likely these ignition sources are to occur C) 判定是否存在可能点燃爆炸性气体的点火源，以及这些点火源有多大的可能性存在 D) Determination of explosion effects D) 判定爆炸效应 E) Risk evaluation E) 风险评估 F) Consideration of measures to reduce the risk F) 考虑降低风险的措施,Source: DIN EN 1127 - 1,Seminar Eo

26、n Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,What does the ATEX 137stipulate for Lightning Protection in hazardous Areas?ATEX 137为危险区域的防雷保护规定了那些？,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Which essential obligations do employers have in accordance with the Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV)? 根据关于安全和健

27、康保护的法规(BetrSichV)，哪些是雇主必不可少 的责任？ Risk assessment in accordance with 3 BetrSichV considering 5 ArbSchG, 7 Ordinance on Hazardous Substances (obligation to determinate) and the general principles of 4 ArbSchG ( 3 Section 1 and 2 BetrSichV). 考虑5 ArbSchG， 7危险物质的法规(强制判定)以及4 ArbSchG的一般原则， 基于3 BetrSichV作风险

28、评估(3的第1章和第2章BetrSichV) Interaction of work equipment with one other or with working material or material or the environment has to be considered when performing a risk assessment ( 3 Section 1 BetrSichV) 当执行风险评估时，必须考虑作业设备之间以及其同作业材料或环境之间的相互作用(3 第1章BetrSichV)。,26.03.09 / 5171e_a,Ordinance concerning t

29、he Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV) 关于安全和健康保护的法规(BetrSichV),Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Risk in case of a lightning strike 雷电击中时的风险 “Consideration of all potential ignition sources“ “所有潜在点火源的考虑”-direct and indirect (induced) 包括直接和非直接的方式,Risk assessment 风险评估,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abe

30、le,EN 1127-1:1997 “Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology“ EN 1127-1:1997 “爆燃性气体-爆炸防止和保护-Part 1: 基本概念和方法”,The following potential ignition sources as described in the standard: 标准中描述了下面几种潜在的点火源： - Flames and hot gases - 明火以及高温气体 - Hot sur

31、faces - 高温表面 - Mechanically generated sparks - 机械导致的火花 - Electrical apparatus - 电气设备 - Stray electric currents - 杂散电流 - Static electricity - 静电 - Lightning - 雷电 - Electromagnetic waves - 电磁波 - Ionising radation - 电离辐射 - Ultrasonics - 超声波,26.03.09 / 5421e,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / S43

32、66e_a,Explosion prevention - Basic concepts and methodology DIN EN 1127 - 1, October 1997防爆-基本概念和方法DIN EN 1127-1, 1997年10月,5 Elements of risk assessment 风险评估的要素 5.3.8 Lightning 雷电 If lightning strikes an explosive atmosphere, ignition will always occur. Moreover, there is also a possibility of ignit

33、ion due to the high temperature reached by lightning conductors. 如果雷电击中爆燃性气体，点火效应必定发生。而且，由于雷电传导导致的高温总是有可能发生点火效应的。 Large currents flow from where the lightning strikes and these currents can produce sparks in the vicinity of the point of impact. 从雷击点发出的大电流，会导致所到之处附近产生火花。 Even in absence of lightning

34、strikes thunderstorms can cause high induced voltages in equipment, protective systems and components. 哪怕是雷电没有击中之处，雷暴也会导致设备、保护系统和元件内产生很高的传导电压。 For protective measures against ignition hazards due to lightning, see 6.4.8. 对于针对雷击导致的点火危害的保护性措施，见6.4.8,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Lightning as an ignit

35、ion source in accordance with EN 1127-1 (6.4.8)根据EN 1127-1 (6.4.8)将雷电作为点火源,If hazards due to lightning have been identified, the following specific requirements for equipment, protective systems and components shall apply: All categories: Installations shall be protected by the appropriate lightning

36、 protection measures. The effects of lightning occurring outside zone 0 and 20 shall be prevented, e.g. overvoltage protection systems could be installed at appropriate places. These requirements shall be included in the information for use (see section 7). Protective measures against lightning shal

37、l not impair cathodic corrosion protection / local cathodic corrosion protection / Ex i measures. 雷电危害被认定后，针对设备、保护系统和元件的下面规格要求应当被遵循： 对所有类别：装置应当由适当的雷击防护措施保护。 发生在区域0和20之外的雷击效应应当避免，比如： 在适当的位置安装过压保护系统。 这些要求应当包含在使用信息中(见第7章)。 防雷的保护性措施不应当削弱阴极防腐保护/局部阴极防腐保护/隔爆措施的效果。,26.03.09 / S4366e_c,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, H

38、r. Abele,Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health 关于安全和健康保护的法规,Implementation of lightning and surge protection measures雷电和浪涌防护措施的执行,(1) Installations subject to monitoring shall be assembled, installed, and operated according to the state of the art. In compliance with the state of

39、the art, the rules and findings determined by the Advisory Committee on Protection at Work as published by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor in the Federal Labor Gazette shall be adhered to. (1)用于监视的装置应当采用最新技术进行装配、安装和操作。为了满足最新技术的要求，应当遵循 相应咨询委员会制定的关于作业中防护的规则，这些规则同时也由联邦经济和劳工部在联邦劳工刊物 上所刊载。,12

40、Operation,Section 3 第3章Special provisions relating to installationssubject to monitoring 用于监视的特殊装置,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele, 2 Definitions (7) Installations subject to mandatory inspection are - steam boiler installations with the exception of steam boiler installations on ocean- going vessels

41、, - pressure vessel installations except for steam boilers, - installations for the filling of gases which are compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, - piping under internal overpressure for inflammable, corrosive or toxic gases, vapours or liquids, - lift installations, - installations

42、in potentially explosive atmospheres, - beverage dispensing installations and installations for the production of carbonated beverages, - acetylene installations and calcium carbide Stores - installations for the storage, filling and transportation of inflammable liquids. Measuring and control equip

43、ment ensuring safe operation of the installation also fall into this category. 用于确保装置安全操作的测量和控制的设备也属于此类目。,26.03.09 / 5189e_d,Act on Technical Equipment and Consumer Products (Equipment and Product Safety Act GPSG) of 6th January 2004 BGBl. 2004 I S.2 技术装备和消费产品的规范(设备和产品安全的规范-GPSG) 2004年1月6日 GBGI.2004

44、 I S.2,下面内容同第13页！,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,AIR (OXYGEN) 空气(氧气),EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE 爆炸性物质,LIGHTNING AS IGNITION SOURCE 雷电作为点火源,Prevention of the simultaneous occurence of: Flammable substances (gas, vapour, mist or dust)in hazardous quantities Air (oxygen) Ignition sources (energy in the form o

45、f heat or sparks) 防止下列要素同时存在： 可燃物质(气体，蒸汽，雾或粉尘)达到危险数量 空气(氧气) 点火源(能量以热或火花的形式存在),Basic principle of explosion proteciton防爆的基本原理,26.03.09 / 4189e_a,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Risk in case of a lightning strike 雷电击中时的风险 “Consideration of all potential ignition sources“ “所有潜在点火源的考虑”-direct and indirec

46、t (induced) 包括直接和非直接的方式,Risk assessment 风险评估,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,control room,Risk assessment 风险评估Intrinsically safe circuit 本安电路,Non-hazarous area,Hazardous area M 对人的伤害,L2:loss of service to the public; 公共设施的损坏,L3: loss of cultural heritage;文化遗产的损坏,L4: loss of economic value 经济价值的损失 (st

47、ructure and its content, service and loss of activity). （建筑及其内部设施，公共服务，以及公共活动的损失,The following types of loss shall be taken into account: 下面几种类型的损失应该被考虑,26.03.09 / S6211e,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Hence: 总结,The interaction of the already mentioned factors results in the following risks of damag

48、e which have to be evaluated in a structure 在上述提到的原因相互作用下，会产生如下风险。应予以关注。,DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2006-10,26.03.09 / S6053e_a,RT (1/year),10-5,10-3,10-3,R1:risk of loss of human life; 人身伤害风险,R4:risk of loss of economic value. 经济价值损失风险,R3:risk of loss of cultural heritage; 文化遗产损坏风险,R2:risk of

49、loss of service to the public; 公共设施损毁风险,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Risk风险,26.03.09 / S6054e_a,Each risk consists of several risk components 每种风险包含几种风险元素,R1 = RA+ RB+ RC+ RM+ RU+ RV+ RW+ RZ,R2 = RB+ RC+ RM+ RV +RW+RZ,R3 = RB+ RV,R4 = RA+ RB+ RC+ RM+ RU+ RV+ RW+ RZ,Risk 风险,Human life 人,Service to

50、the public公共设施,Cultural heritage文化遗产,Economic loss经济损失,R1,R2,R3,R4,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Overview of risk component RX 风险要素概述,26.03.09 / S5762e,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Sources of damage事故原因,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / S6141e_a,DEHNsupport - Risk calculation software DEH

51、N服务-风险计算软件,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Physical Damage to Structures and Life Hazard对建筑的损毁和生物的危害 DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3):2006-10,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,Lightning protection system防雷系统,in accordance with DIN EN 62305-3 依据DIN EN 62305-3,Lightning protection system (LPS) 防雷系统,Air-ter

52、mination system 接闪器系统,Down-conductor system 引下线系统,Earth-termination system 接地系统,Separation distances 分隔距离,Lightning equip. Bonding 雷电等电位连接,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,The characteristics of an LPS are determined by the characteristics of the structure to be protected and by the considered lightni

53、ng protection level. Four classes of LPS (I to IV) are defined in this standard corresponding to lightning protection levels LPS (I to IV) defined in IEC 62305-1 (see Table 1). LPS的特性取决于被保护建筑的特征以及所需的雷击防护等级。 根据IEC 62305-1中的雷电保护等级（1 到 4）定义了四种LPS等级（1 到 4） (见表一).,26.03.09 / S6019e_b,Lightning protection

54、 system (LPS)雷电保护系统(LPS)Class of LPS 雷电保护系统(LPS)LPS等级,DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3):2006-10, section 4.1,Table 1:Relation between lightning protection levels (LPL) and class of LPS (see IEC 62305-1) 表一：雷电保护等级（LPL）与雷电保护系统（LPS）等级关系表,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,26.03.09 / S6020e,External lightning

55、 protection systemAir-termination systems外部防雷系统接闪系统,5.2.2 Positionment 位置,Air-termination components installed on a structure shall be located at corners, exposed points and edges (especially on the upper level of any facades) in accordance with one or more of the following methods. 建筑物上的接闪 部件安装在角落，

56、根据一个或多个下面的方法判定裸露的角和边（特别是建筑正面的上部）。 Acceptable methods to be used in determining the position of the air-termination system include: 可用以下方法来确定接闪系统的位置： the protection angle method; 保护角法 the rolling sphere method;滚球法 the mesh method. 网格法 The rolling sphere method is suitable in all cases.滚球法适合所有的情况。 The

57、 protection angle method is suitable for simple-shaped buildings but it is subject to limits of air-termination height indicated in Table 2. 保护角法适合简单形状的建筑物，但满足表二中接闪器高度要求。 The mesh method is a suitable form of protection where plane surfaces are to be protected.网格法适合平面保护。,DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305

58、-3):2006-10,Seminar Eon Ruhrgas, Hr. Abele,H :Height of the air-termination system above ground 地面上的接闪系统高度 r :Radius of the “rolling sphere“ 滚球半径 :Protective angle保护角,H,R,Protection zone 保护区,Protective angle method保护角法 a Mesh size 网格尺寸W (m) I205 x 510 II3010 x 1010 III45 15 x 1515 IV6020 x 2020,0 2102030405060 H(m), 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0,I,II,III,IV,Rolling sphere radius 滚球半径 r (m),26.03.09 / S6119e_c,Class of LPS LPS等级,Typ. downconductor clearance 典型引下线间隙 (m),Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3):2006-10, section 5.2.2 + Table 2, section 5.3.1 + Table 4,Rolling sphere radius, me