Lectures on Reading Comprehension.ppt

1、Lectures on Reading Comprehension,- By Mr. Zhang CFL NUAA,1. What is reading? How to read?,1.1. perceiving a written text in order to understand its contents. This can be done silently (silent reading). The understanding that results is called reading comprehension. 1.2. saying a written text aloud

2、(oral reading). This can be done with or without an understanding of the contexts.,2. What is comprehension? And what is to be comprehended?,Comprehension refers to understanding, understanding of the written text, that is, the processes by which information and meaning are stored, organized, and re

3、trieved from MEMORY, and the different kinds of DECODING which take place during reading or listening. The study of information processing includes the study of memory, decoding and the study of the processes and strategies which learners use in working out meanings in target language.,3. Whats the

4、purpose of reading?,Different types of reading comprehension are often distinguished according to the readers purpose in reading and the types of reading used. The following are commonly referred to: Literal comprehension: reading in order to understand, remember, or recall the information explicitl

5、y contained in a passage. Inferential comprehension: reading in order to find information which is not explicitly stated in a passage, using the readers experience and intuition, and by inferring (inference). Critical or evaluative comprehension: reading in order to compare information in a page wit

6、h the readers own knowledge and values. Appreciative comprehension: reading in order to gain an emotional or other kind of valued response from a passage.,4 . Comprehension Approach,Comprehension should be taught by teaching learners to understand meaning in the target language. (-vocabulary and str

7、ucture) The learner level of comprehension should always exceed their ability to produce language. (reasoning and inferring, etc.),5. Some strategies in reading comprehension,5.1. PQ P 5.2. QPQ 5.3. PS D Q P (s),5.3. PS D Q P (s),5.3.1.Ppassage,Writing style_ Argumentative writing:,Writing style_ Ar

8、gumentative writing:,Para 1. present situation Para 2. different opinionsargue for/against something Para 3. solutionthe authors opinion,5.3.2. Ssignal words,1. I, we, our, my, me, us, myself, ourselves 2. yet, but, however, in fact, nevertheless, should, must, ought to although/while/though + S + V

9、, S + V in spite of/ despite/ for all + O, S + V (the) adj./adv.-est /(the) most +adj/adv+ Neg. + adj-er the first/ second /last+ N the evidence/fact/truth/proof is that-clause the only/very + N,11. change/ turn/ switch/ shift/ transform + O + from + O1 + to/into O2 12. It is (high/about) time that-

10、clause 13. If + S + were/ did, S + would +V If + S + had done, S + would have done 14. for instance, for example, such as, : 15. so, therefore, thus 16. It, this, these, they, such 17. the N(1st) 18. perhaps, maybe, probably 19. seem, appear, sound, look, 20. may, might, can, could,5.3.3. DDiscourse

11、,. topic sentence -the main idea of the passage or paragraph usually occurs: a. at the beginning of the passage b. in the middle of the passage c. at the end of the passage,5.3.4. Questions,A. Vocabulary decoding B. Inferential C. Main idea,5.3.4. Qquestions A. vocabulary decoding,Questions: 1. What

12、 is the possible meaning of the word “” in the passage? 2. According to the author, the word “” means _. 3. By saying “”, the author means _. 4. Which of the following is closest (nearest) in meaning to “”? 5. The word “” (Line , Par) in the context most probably refers to _. 6. The term “” in the p

13、assage could be best replaced by _. 7.As used in the passage, the phrase (word) “” suggests _. 8.The word “” (Line, Paragraph ) most probably means _.,5.3.4. Qquestions B. inferential:,B.1.Questions: It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _. Which of the following can (not) be inferred f

14、rom the passage? From the passage (the last paragraph), we can infer/learn/conclude that _. What does the author probably means by “” in the first /second paragraph? By the first sentence of the passage, the author means that _. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? By “” the author intends

15、 to render the idea that _. The authors attitudes towards might be summarized as one of _. The authors attitude towards “” seems to be that of _. The paragraph preceding/following this one would most likely state/discuss/ deal with _. Where would this passage most probably appear/ be found?,13. What

16、 the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _. 14. The authors tone would be best described as _. 15. The author may agree with which of the following? 16. The author seems to think that _ 17. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _. 18. Which of the fol

17、lowing statement is (NOT) true according to the passage? 19. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that _. 20. Which of the following statement is not mentioned in the passage? 21. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantage of .? 22. In the passa

18、ge, which of the following about is not mentioned as the key issue? 23. From the passage we know that _. 24. In the passage, the author states that _. 25. The writer mentions all of the items listed below (all of the following) except _.,5.3.4. Qquestions B. inferential:,B.2. key to inferential ques

19、tions: repetition contrast not mentioned Incomplete synonym 1) synonym 2) part of speech flexibility,5.3.4. Qquestions C. main idea of the text,Questions: The passage is mainly about _. The main idea of this passage is about _. The best title for this passage would be _. What is this passage mainly about _? The key point of the passage is that _. The second paragraph uses the facts to develop the essential idea that _. The article is/was written to expl