九年级英语被动语态详解.ppt

1、被 动 语 态 详 解,(一) 语 态 分 类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般

2、现在时：am / is / are + given 一般过去时：was / were +given 一般将来时：shall / will + given 一般过去将来时：should / would + given 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given 过去进行时：was / were + being + given 现在完成时：have / has + been + given 过去完成时：had + been + given 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时：should / would + ha

3、ve been + given 注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,(三)被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：

4、They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.,3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give p

5、lenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

6、 The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers we

7、re mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the pric

8、e. The price has been brought down.,8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. H

9、e had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the compute

10、r by him.,(四) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in

11、 + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A

12、special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,(六)语态转换时所注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A

13、new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般

14、在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing

15、 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all ov

16、er the world. (不用by短语),3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： 不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, car

17、ry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.,4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： We always keep the

18、classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guita

19、r. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples.,5. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下： 1) We take good care

20、 of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book. 2) You must pay attention to your pronunciation. Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, ta

21、ke care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。 6. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question. 误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.,7. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyon

22、e等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.,8. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote the story? 误：Who was the story writt

23、en? 正：By whom was the story written?,9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 对比： The books sell well. (主动句

24、) The books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didnt cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句),10. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句： 第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft. The food tastes del

25、icious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book. 误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was h

26、ad burned.,第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun

27、had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.,11.

28、 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说It is said that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison i

29、nvented the electric lamp.,在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing 形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。,漫画是绘画艺术的一个品种，常采用夸张、比喻、象征等手法，讽刺、批评或歌颂某些人和事，具有较强的社会性，也有纯为娱乐的作品，有较强娱乐性，娱乐性质的作品往往存在搞笑型和人物创造型。直接或隐晦、含蓄地表达作者对纷纭世事的理解及态度，是含有讽刺或幽默的一种浪漫主义的绘画。它同其他绘画的主要区别在于独特的构思方法和表现手法。它具有讽刺与幽

30、默的艺术特点以及认识、教育和审美等社会功能。 97漫画网 97漫画网 漫画可以把古今中外的人物同时邀集到一起，让他们在一个画面上演出奇异怪诞而又意蕴深邃的喜剧。它不受时空观念的限制，人与物之间也可以对话，不同质、不同类的事物可以嫁接、杂交，可以借物喻人，借古喻今，可以人神交游，幻想与现实同存，从而使画面产生幽默、诙谐、怪诞、风趣的艺术效果。 句“好看呗”虽然说得声音又小 语气又很是别屑 但他怎么听别出来她弦外之音？禁别住心中暗想：别过就是壹各朝服 就好看咯？那若是戎装岂别是更要好看？水清确实没什么见过他穿戎装模样 唯壹壹次塞外随行 还是天天在德妃娘娘面前报到 哪里有机会见得到？别过平心而论 事

31、实上还真是似他说那样 戎装他 当然咯别只是他 对于所有男人而言 戎装都是最好看服装 水清那各貌似别屑壹顾 实则格外赞赏壹句“好看呗” 有壹小部分确实是因为穿在他身上而让水清觉得好看 另外有很大壹部分是出于对自己劳动成果由衷自我欣赏 毕竟那是她昨天辛辛苦苦勤学苦练巨大成果 面对自己心血之作 她当然是要喜滋滋、美滋滋 可是王爷却别是那么看待那件事件 他有他出发点和视角 那是他们两各人之间 她第壹次开口说出如此极具暧昧、极具诱惑力语言 所以在他耳朵听来 竟然带上壹丝打情骂俏成分 由于水清以往留给他印象全都是壹副冷若冰霜、拒人千里姿态 端庄有余活泼别足 但是通过那三、四天朝夕相处 竟然无师自通地学会咯适时调节气氛、享受生活情趣 那各新发现令他格外欣喜 他当然别想两各人永远都像前两天那样客客气气、彬彬有礼地