初二英语 形容词和副词的比较级

1、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解 形容词比较级和最高级的形式形容词比较级和最高级的形式 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成 构构 成成 法法 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -est 单音节词如果以-e 结尾，只加-r 和-st 原原 级级 strong 比比 较较 级级 stronger 最最 高高 级级 strongest strangest saddest biggest hottest angriest cleverest narrowest noblest most difficult strangestranger sad b

2、ig hot sadder bigger hotter angrier cleverer 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母， 须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 和-est 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble 结尾的双音节词，末尾加 -er 和-est (以-y 结尾的词，如 y 前是辅音字母， 把 y 变成 i，再加 -er 和-est， 以-e 结尾的词仍加-r 和-st) angry clever narrownarrower noblenobler more difficult 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more 和 most 二、不规则形容词的比较级和

3、最高级形式二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式 原原 级级 good / well bad / ill many / much littlefew far better worse more less farther / further 比比 较较 级级 difficult 最最 高高 级级 best worst most least farthest / furthest 三、副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的形式 （一）一般副词（一）一般副词 hard harder hardestfast faster fastest late later latestearly earlier

4、 earliest （二）特殊副词（二）特殊副词 well better bestmuch more most badly worse worstlittle less least （三）开放类副词（三）开放类副词 开放类副词即以后缀-ly 结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er 或-est，而应在副词原形前 加 more 或 most。如： quickly more quickly most quicklyquietly more quietly most quietly 四、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法四、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法 （一）比较级（一）比较级 1比较级通常由

5、“形容词(副词)比较级+than+” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更 加”。连词 than 后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动 词不定式、-ing 结构和-ed 结构，有时也可省去 than。如： eg: Mary is happier than Jane.（形容词和系词连用） 玛丽比珍妮幸福。 eg: He lives more happily than I. （副词修饰行为动词） 他过得比我幸福。 2注意 than 前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如： eg: The purpose of the research had a more important m

6、eaning for them than it did for us. eg: Sound travels faster through water than through air. 3 比较级前还可用 much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“得多”，“甚至”， “更”，“一些”等意思。如： eg: Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。 用“times + 形容词的比较级 + than”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词 + 比较级” 来表示具体的比较差别。如： eg: Our room is twi

7、ce larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。 eg: He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一头。 4隐含比较级 1）有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如： eg: Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？ 2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟“to”而不用“than”。如： prior to 较早的，较重要的 superior to 优越，高于 inferior to 下等的，次的 senior to 年长的，地位高的 junior to 年幼的，地位低的，迟的 preferable

8、 to 更好的 eg: The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。 eg: In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。 eg: He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。 eg: Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。 （二）最高级（二）最高级 1最高级用于三者以上比较， 形容词的结构形式是“定冠词形容词最高级名词表示范 围的短语或从句”

9、(如 of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如： eg: Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. 2副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如： eg: He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。 3当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属 同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属

10、于同一类人或物，而只说明在 某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。如： eg: He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与 boy 属同类) eg: He is the tallest in our class. ( He与 class 不属同类) 4可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如： eg: She is the best student in her class. eg: She is better than any other student in her class. eg: No other student in

11、her class is better than she. eg: No other student in her class is as good as she. 五、课后练习题五、课后练习题 （一）用适当形式填空（一）用适当形式填空 1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Ying Tian is not as _ (tall) as Yong Xian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than be

12、fore the holidays, 4.Which is _(heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres_(tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (ba

13、d) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _(expensive)than a story-book. 10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a wate

14、rmelon. 11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China. 12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 13. My room is not as_(big) as my brother s. 14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I dont think so. 15. -Annie plays the piano very _ (well).

15、 - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well). 16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week. 17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and_ (fat). 18. I think its too expensive. Id like a _ (cheap) one. 19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _(interesting) as

16、that one. 21. Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays English is _( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (danger

17、ous) animal in the world. （二）单项选择题（二）单项选择题 1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. heavier asD. as heavy as 2. When we speak to people, we should be _. A. as polite as possibleB. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possibleD. as politely as possibly 3. This book is_ that one, bu

18、t_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensiveB. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive 4. I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interestingB. interestedC. more interestingD. most interesting 5. His father began to work_ he

19、was seven years old. A. as old asB. as early asC. sinceD. while 6. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much importantB. importantC. much more importantD. more much important 7. This pencil is_ than that one. A. longestB. longC. longerD. as long 8. My mother is no _ young. A. shorterB. longerC. li

20、ttleD. few 9. These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tallB. more tallerC. very tallerD. much taller 10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hotD. much hot 11. Mrs. Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A. more badB.

21、a little worseC. much badlyD. a lot of worse 12. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students. A. quite a fewB. only a fewC. fewD. a few quite 13. The house is _ small for a family of six. A. much tooB. too much C. very muchD. so 14. Through the window we can see nothing but _ b

22、uildings. A. tall very manyB. very many tallC. very tall manyD. many very tall 15. -Whats your brother like? -He is_. A. a driverB. very tallC. my friend D. at school 16. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. muchB. littleC. expensiveD. cheap 17. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. m

23、oreB. quiteC. veryD. much 18. The earth is about_ as the moon. A. as fifty time bigB. fifty times as bigC. as big fifty timesD. fifty as times big 19. Your room is _ mine. A. twice as large thanB. twice the size ofC. bigger twice thanD. as twice large as 20. Your room is _ than mine. A. three time b

24、igB. three times bigC. three times biggerD. bigger three times （三）完成句子（三）完成句子 1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesnt look _ _ _ Mary. 2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。 Jacks father is _ _ _ than her mother. 3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。 Our classroom is _ _ than theirs. 4. 当心！这条路越来越危险。 Look out! The mad is becoming _ and _ _. 5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Wh

25、ich animal do you like _, a cat or a dog? （四）完形填空（四）完形填空 I believe that listening is powerful (强效的) medicine. It was Sunday. I had the last patient ( 病人) to see and I got into her room. She was an old woman, sitting on the bed, trying to1her socks. I said to her “How are you feeling? The nurse says

26、your son is visiting you today. Im sure youll be2to see him.” She3me with a serious voice, “Sit down, doctor. This is my story, not yours.” I was surprised. I sat down and helped her with the socks. She began to tell me that her only son lived not far from her,4she had not seen him for five years. S

27、he believed her health problems were worse5missing her son. After hearing her story and helping her put on her socks, I asked if there was6I could do for her. She said “no” and smiled. All she wanted me to do was to7. Each story is8. Some are clear; others are not. Some are true; others are not, yet

28、 all those things do not really matter. What matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard. Listening to someones story costs nothing but it is the key to healing (康复). I often9 what the woman taught me, and I always tell myself it is10to stop, sit down and truly listen. I believe in the pow

29、er of listening. 1. A. put offB. get offC. take offD. put on 2. A. happyB. angryC. luckyD. sorry 3. A. showedB. stoppedC. askedD. caught 4. A. orB. soC. butD. if 5. A. because ofB. becauseC. byD. in addition to 6. A. allB. anythingC. nothingD. everything 7. A. seeB. waitC. listenD. speak 8. A. terri

30、bleB. differentC. difficultD. true 9. A. think ofB. dream ofC. talk aboutD. laugh at 10. A. wrongB. difficultC. importantD. different （五）阅读理解（五）阅读理解 A A Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little educati

31、on. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, a shopkeeper and a postmaster in his early years. A large number of American presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenh

32、ower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in World War II. It happened that they graduated from the same school - West Point Military Academy (西点军校). One may be surprised to learn that both of them did not do well in the school. Eisenhower, for example, was once f

33、ined ( 罚款 ) because he broke the rules of the school. The jobs of the US presidents are tiring. He mustkeep an eye onkeep an eye on anything important that happens both at home and abroad. Every day, a lot of work waits for him to do and he has to make many important decisions. When Franklin Rooseve

34、lt was a child, he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him, “When you grow up, you should not be president. Its a tiring job.” 1. How many American presidents in the 19th century are mentioned(提到) in this passage? A. FourB. FiveC. SixD. Seven 2.In this passage, “keep

35、an eye on” means “_”. A. take care ofB. seeC. look atD. stare at 3.The second paragraph mainly tells us _. A. that Eisenhower became famous in World War II B. how Grant became a general C. that Grant and Eisenhower were both schoolmates D. that many of the US presidents had served in the army B B Can we live without salt? No, salt is very important to us, we need salt in our food. Animals need it, too. Most of the salt in our country comes from the sea. People dig very big pools and let sea water in .When the sun dries up the water, people