M5U5Grammar-省略句讲解.ppt

1、省略 为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：,Read the sentences below.,(It) Looks like rain. Hi. (It is) Nice to see you again. (Have you) Forgotten my name? (You can ) Just call me Peter. Im a doctor and my wife (is) a teacher. Im not as strong as I was (strong). What a beautiful umbrella (it is)!,They ar

2、e sentences with ellipsis.,Now find some sentences with ellipsis in the text.,Ellipsis is the omission of some words for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion.,What is ellipsis?,Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when (the illness or injury is serious

3、and ) giving first aid quickly can save lives. Burns are called first (degree burns), second (degree burns) or third degree burns These affect both the top (layer of the skin) and the second layer of the skin.,（一）简单句中的省略 1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。 其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词

4、语，下同） (I) See you tomorrow. (It) Doesnt matter. 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。 e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?,3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。 e.g. - Are you going there? - Id like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the c

5、hance). (动词:want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, decide, prefer, mean, intend, plan, refuse等动词宾语。 tell, ask, want, expect, warn等动词的宾补。 形容词： glad, happy, pleased, delighted, 短语：be going to, be about to, be able to, have to, used to, ought to, ) 注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态， 则须在to之后加上be或have。 e.g.

6、 - Are you an engineer? - No, but I want to be. - He hasnt finished the task yet. - Well, he ought to have.,4、省略表语。 e.g. - Are you thirsty? - Yes, I am (thirsty). 5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。 e.g. What a wonderful film (it is)! (Its) Simply impossible! 6、介词的省略： e.g. The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his

7、 house. 一些固定词组： have a hard time (in) doing sth. waste time (in) doing sth., spend (in) doing sth. prevent/stop(from), be busy (in) doing, be engaged (in) doing, theres no use (in) doing, He failed (in) the game. The war lasted (for) four years. （但在句首和与walk等连用不可） Come and see me (at) any time you li

8、ke. (in, on, at, by) He stayed (at) home all day. He walked (for ) three li. (表示距离的状语中) （In) This way you will succeed.,7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺， 教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。 e.g. At her sisters (house), she spent a pleasant weekend. 8、 连词的省略： not only but (also), whether (or not), so (that) 9、情态动词shoul

9、d的省略 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, request, ask. Its necessary/important/impossible/strange/ natural/a pity 10、同时省略几个成分。 e.g. Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. - Have you finished your work? - (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.,（二）并列句中的省略 两个并列分

10、句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中 相同的部分。 e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.,（三）主从复合句中的省略 1、主句中有一些成分被省略。 e.g. (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not （切不可用it或that）代替。

11、 e.g. - Is he coming back tonight? - I think so. - Is he feeling better today? - Im afraid not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I imagine not. I expect not. I hope not. I guess not等。 （但I dont think so比I think not更常用）。,（四）其它省略 1、连词that的省略： 、宾

12、语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况 be+某些形容词( afraid, sure, sorry, certain, glad)； 两个(或两个以上）宾语从句并列时； He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语/表语/There be 结构的主语时可省略。 Im not the man (that) I was when you knew me first. This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing

13、. This is the best way (that) we should choose. I dont like the way (that)/in which he talks to his parents. 、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。 在表语从句中偶尔可省略。 What they want to do is (that) they go to play basketball.,2、不定式符号to的省略 、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. To be for

14、 the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter. 、当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式， 则不定式可省略。 What he wants to do is (to) go home. 、某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词 （如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等） 后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to， 但在被动语态中须把to加上。 e.g. - I saw the boy fall from the tree. - The boy

15、 was seen to fall from the tree. 、介词but/except/besides前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。 e.g. The boy did nothing but play.,3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语(或it)与主句主语 一致时，可省去“主语 + be”部分或从句的主语it。 （参看“状语从句”有关部分） Look out for cars when crossing the street. Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary. She worked extremely hard t

16、hough still rather poor in health. 在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。 Tom plays football as well as, if not better than, Jack. (=Tom plays football as well as Jack does, if he doesnt play better than Jack does.) We should think more of our class than of ourselves. 4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略， 但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分） 5

17、、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。 e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).,1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (2010浙江) A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 解析：答案选C。本句的if_ regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是proper amounts of

18、 exercise，此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。,高考真题,2. It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _, wed better take it to the garage immediately. (2011江苏) A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so 解析：答案选D。 “如果那样的话”最恰当，适合上下文的语境，所以用If so。 If

19、 so = If something is wrong with the cars engine.,3. Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two. (2009 江西 ) A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 解析： 答案选D， 是省略句的用法。 If so = If you have done that / so,4. Every evening after dinner, if not _, I will spend some time fr

20、om work walking my dog . (2009 湖南 ) A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 解析： 省略句式。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为 if I am not tired，根据省略的原则，所以答案选 C。,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side

21、 of the sick woman,( ),_).,(_,Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. (P 37),3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor . 5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?,( ),( ),( ),not,6. Sh

22、e could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital.,7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the stud

23、ents havent done a first aid course.,not,Is it going to rain tomorrow?_. Im planning to go climbing with my uncle. A. I hope so B. I dont hope to C. I hope it not D. I hope not 2. Xishuangbanna is supposed to be a wonderful place, but we havent been there. _. A. Neither have we B. Neither we have C.

24、 Neither did we D. Neither we did,Choose the best answers.,D,A,3. Alice, why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday？ I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 4. She planned to go for a picnic, but her mother told her _. A. not to do B. not to C. do not to D

25、. to not 5. Will Li Lin go biking this weekend?I dont know. If he _, Ill go with him. A. will want to B. wants to C. wants to do D. will want,C,B,B,6. I cant go shopping with you this Sunday. Pardon? But you _. A. promised to do B. promised to C. promise to D. would promise 7. Ill be away on a holiday for about two weeks. Would you mind taking care of my cat? Not at all. _. A. Ill go to B. Id rather not C. Id love it D. Id be happy to,B,D,8. -Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so th